Properties na taya. Ainihin jiki Properties daga cikin ruwa

An sani cewa duk abin da na kewaye da wani mutum, gami da kansa, - wani jiki hada abubuwa. Wadanda, bi da bi, gina up na kwayoyin, sunadaran da suka wuce, da kuma suka - na ko da karami Tsarin. Duk da haka, da kewaye bambancin yana da haka mai girma cewa yana da wuya ma su yi tunanin wasu irin kowa na. Shi ne. A mahadi a cikin miliyoyi, kowane daga cikinsu na musamman a cikin dũkiyarsu, tsari da kuma yi rawar. Total gano wani yawan lokaci jihohi, wanda za a iya dangantaka duk abubuwa.

Tara matsayi abubuwa

Ambaci iya zama hudu bambance-bambancen karatu tara Jihar mahadi.

1. Gaza.
2. A daskararru.
3. Liquid.
4. Jini - sosai rarefied ionized gas.

A wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da kaddarorin taya, musamman su da tsari da kuma halaye na yiwu zabin.

Nau'in ruwa gawarwakin

Dalili na wannan rabo sa Properties na taya, sifa da da sinadaran tsarin da iri hulɗar tsakanin bijiro da batun kafa barbashi na fili.

1. Irin wannan ruwaye cewa kunshi atoms gudanar tare da van der Waals sojojin. Misalan sun ha] ruwa gas (argon, methane, da sauransu).
2. Irin wannan abubuwa, wanda ya kunshi biyu m kwayoyin halitta. Misalai: The gas a liquefied fom - hydrogen, nitrogen, da iskan shaqa, da sauransu.
3. Liquid karafa - Mercury.
4. Abubuwa kunshi abubuwa da alaka da covalent iyakacin duniya shaidu. Misalai: hydrogen chloride, hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, da sauransu.
5. Mahadi a wanda akwai hydrogen shaidu. Misalai: ruwa, alcohols, ammonia a cikin bayani.

Akwai musamman Tsarin - kamar ruwa lu'ulu'u, ba-Newtonian ruwaye cewa nuna musamman Properties.

Mun yi la'akari da asali Properties na ruwa, wanda ya bambanta da shi daga duk sauran jihohi na tari. A farko, sũ ne waɗanda ake kira halitta.

Properties na taya siffar da juz'i

Results iya ware game da 15 siffofin da damar don bayyana abin da su ne abubuwa da kuma abin da su darajar halaye.

A farkon jiki Properties na taya cewa ta zo hankali a ambaci Jihar tari ne da ikon canja siffar da kuma daukar wani adadin. Alal misali, idan muka yi magana game da nau'i na taya, shi ne kullum zaci ta rashi. Duk da haka, shi ne ba.

A karkashin mataki na da kyau a san nauyi saukad da abubuwa sha a wasu nakasawa, don haka su siffar da aka gaji da damuwa da kuma zama m. Duk da haka, idan ka sa a drop a karkashin yanayi a wadda nauyi ba ya aiki ko shi ne mai iyaka, zai dauki wani m siffar zobe siffar. Saboda haka, tun da aka umurci: "Mene ne Properties na taya," mutumin da yake tsammani yana ne isasshe masani a kimiyyar lissafi, dole ne ambaci wannan al'amari.

Amma ga ƙarfi, sa'an nan akwai kamata a lura da janar Properties na gas da kuma taya. Dukansu suna iya zauna cikin duka girma daga cikin sarari a cikin abin da ake located, iyakance kawai ta jirgin ruwa katangu.

danko

Jiki Properties daga cikin ruwa ne sosai bambancin. Amma wannan shi ne na musamman daya, kamar yadda da danko. Mẽne ne kuma abin da aka kaddara? Babban sigogi da cewa sanin da yawa a cikin tambaya shi ne:

• sausaya danniya.
• dan tudu gudun.

A dogara da wadannan canji ne mikakke. Idan, duk da haka, bayyana a cikin mafi sauki sharuddan, da danko, da kuma ƙara - Waɗannan su ne Properties na taya da gas da ake samu a kuma nufa takaita motsi, ko da kuwa da tasiri na waje tsaro. Wannan ne, idan ruwa yana gangarowa daga cikin jirgin ruwa, shi zai ci gaba da yin haka a karkashin wani tsoma (nauyi, gogayya da sauran sigogi).

Wannan shi ne akasi da ba Newtonian ruwaye, wanda da hakan danko da kuma iya barin bayan da motsi rami cika da lokaci.

A menene wannan adadi zai dogara ne a kan?

1. A zazzabi. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki, da danko na taya shi kadai ne ta ƙara, da kuma sauran, a akasin haka, rage-rage. Ya dogara da musamman fili da kuma ta sinadaran tsarin.
2. Na matsa lamba. Kara haddasawa da karuwa a danko index.
3. A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na abu. A danko dabam a gaban impurities kuma extraneous aka gyara a cikin gwajin rabo daga m abu.

zafi damar

Wannan lokaci ma'anar da ikon da wani abu zuwa sha wani adadin zafi don kara da kansa zazzabi da daya mataki Celsius. Akwai daban-daban sadarwa a kan wannan nuna alama. Wasu suna more, wasu kasa zafi.

Saboda haka, misali, ruwa - kyau sosai kadan ajiya, wanda damar ta fadi da yin amfani ga dumama, dafa abinci da kuma sauran bukatun. A general, zafi damar index ne tsananin mutum ga kowane musamman m.

surface tashin hankali

Sau da yawa, tun da aka umurci: "Mene ne Properties na taya," nan da nan tunanin da surface tashin hankali. Bayan duk, shi ya gabatar da yara zuwa ga darussan da kimiyyar lissafi, sunadarai da ilmin halitta. Kuma kowane abu ya bayyana wannan muhimmanci siga a bangarensu.

The classic definition na surface tashin hankali na wadannan: wannan dubawa. Wannan shi ne, a lokacin da wani adadin na ruwa da aka dauka, shi ne a waje da iyaka da gaseous matsakaici - iska, tururi ko har yanzu wani abu. Saboda haka, a batu na lamba faruwa lokaci rabuwa.

Kamar wancan kwayoyin ayan kewaye da kansu a matsayin manyan kamar yadda zai yiwu yawan barbashi kuma haka zai kai ga duka biyu da matsawa ruwa a general. Saboda haka, idan surface aka mĩƙe. A wannan dukiya kuma iya bayyana da siffar zobe siffar ruwa droplets a cikin rashi na daukan hotuna da karfin jifa. Bayan duk, shi ne wannan tsari shi ne manufa daga cikin ra'ayi da makamashi na kwayoyin. misalai:

• sabulu kumfa.
• tafasasshen ruwa.
• ruwa droplets a weightlessness.

Wasu kwari sun saba da "tafiya" a farfajiya na ruwa ne saboda surface tashin hankali. Misalai: ruwa striders, na cikin ruwa beetles, wasu larvae.

gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu

Akwai janar Properties na taya da daskararru. Daya daga cikinsu - da flowability. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa da farko shi ne Unlimited. Mene ne jigon wannan zabin?

Idan ka hašawa wani waje tasiri ga ruwa jiki, shi ne zuwa kashi sassa da kuma ware su daga juna, watau zube. Kamar haka kowane bangare sake cika dukan girma daga cikin jirgin ruwa. Domin daskararru, wannan dukiya yana da iyaka kuma dogara a kan external yanayi.

A dogara da kaddarorin a kan zazzabi

Don wadanda hada da uku sigogi cewa faye hali mu da abubuwa:

• zafi fiye da kima;
• sanyaya;
• tafasa.

Irin wannan Properties na taya kamar yadda zafi fiye da kima da kuma overcooling, kai tsaye alaka da m yanayin zafi (maki) tafasar da daskarewa da maki, bi da bi. Kira overheated ruwa wanda rinjãya a bakin kofa m batu dumama kan daukan hotuna da zazzabi, amma babu waje ãyõyi, daga ruwan yi.

Subcooled daidai da kira ruwa wanda rinjãya a bakin ƙofar m batu na mika mulki cikin wani lokaci saboda da low yanayin zafi, amma m aikata ba.

Kamar yadda a farkon kuma a karo na biyu idan akwai yanayi na bayyanuwar irin kaddarorin.

1. Babu inji tasirinsa a tsarin (motsi, vibration).
2. Uniform zazzabi, ba tare da kwatsam surges da zangarniya.

An ban sha'awa al'amari shi ne cewa idan a cikin superheated ruwa (misali ruwa) ba up a waje abu, shi zai nan take tafasa. Sami wannan shi za a iya fallasa su radiation dumama (obin na lantarki tanda).

Gwamuwar tare da sauran bulan abubuwa

Biyu bambance-bambancen karatu na wannan siga za a iya gano.

1. The ruwa - gas. Irin wannan tsarin ne mafi tartsatsi saboda akwai yawaita a yanayi. Bayan danshin na ruwa - ɓangare na halitta sake zagayowar. Kamar wancan akwai aka lokaci guda generated tururi da ruwa ruwa. Idan ka yi magana game da rufaffiyar tsarin, to, a can ne vaporized. Kamar tururi wãyi cikakken sosai da sauri, da kuma dukan tsarin zo zuwa ma'auni: ruwa - cikakken tururi.
2. Liquid - daskararru. Musamman a kan irin wannan tsarin markedly wani dukiya - wetting. A dauki na ruwa da kuma m karshen za a iya wetted gaba daya, jera ko Ka tunkuɗe ruwa. Akwai mahadi da cewa narke a cikin ruwa da sauri da kuma shi ne kusan Unlimited. Akwai wadanda cewa yin wannan ba su iya (wasu karafa, lu'u-lu'u, da dai sauransu).

A general, da binciken na hulda da taya tare da sadarwa a wasu jihohin tari ke tsunduma a cikin horo na ruwa makanikai.

compressibility

Ainihin Properties daga cikin ruwa zai zama bai cika ba idan ba mu ambaci compressibility. Hakika, wannan zabin ne mafi hali na gas tsarin. Duk da haka, dauke da mu iya zama rakumi da matsawa karkashin wani yanayi.

Babban bambancin - wani tsari kudi da kuma ta uniformity. Idan gas za a iya matsa da sauri kuma a low matsa lamba, da ruwa da aka matsa unevenly, dogon isa kuma a musamman zaba yanayi.

Danshin da kuma sandaro na taya

Yana yana da biyu Properties na cikin ruwa. Physics ba su da wadannan bayani:

1. Danshin - E aiwatar, wanda characterizes karɓa mai mika mulki na wani abu daga wani ruwa zuwa wani m jihar na tari. Wannan na faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar thermal effects a kan tsarin. A kwayoyin an saita a cikin tashin da kuma canza ta crystal raga zama gaseous. A tsari na iya faruwa sai anjima sai duk ruwa ba zai iya wuce a nau'i-nau'i (for bude tsarin). A madadin zuwa equilibration (ga rufaffiyar tasoshin).
2. Sandaro - wani tsari daura da sama tsarin rubutu. Ga tururi shiga cikin ruwa kwayoyin. Wannan ya auku a gaban kafa na ma'auni ko cikakken lokaci miƙa mulki. Tururi ba ga ruwa mafi barbashi fiye da ta yi.

Hankula misalai daga wadannan biyu matakai a cikin yanayi - da ruwa danshin daga teku surface, ta sandaro a cikin sama yanayi, bi da hazo a cikin nau'i na hazo.

Inji Properties daga cikin ruwa

Wadannan Properties ne batu na wannan kimiyya a matsayin Bewafa. Musamman - ta sashe, ka'idar ruwa kuzarin kawo cikas. Babban inji sigogi characterizing Jihar tari na abubuwa sun hada da:

• yawa;
• musamman nauyi.
• danko.

A karkashin yawa daga cikin ruwa jiki yi ta taro, wanda yake kunshe a cikin wani naúrar girma. Wannan adadi zai bambanta ga daban-daban mahadi. Akwai riga lasafta kuma auna gwaje samu bayanai don wannan nuna alama, wanda aka jera a cikin na musamman tebur.

Specific nauyi ne dauke da nauyi na wani naúrar girma na ruwa. Wannan Fihirisar ne karfi da dogara a kan zafin jiki (ta kara da nauyi an rage).

Me ya kamata nazarin inji Properties na taya? Wannan ilmi da muhimmanci a fahimta da matakai abin da ke faruwa a yanayi a cikin jikin mutum. Har ila yau, a lokacin da samar fasaha wajen daban-daban kayayyakin. Bayan duk ruwa abubuwa - daya daga cikin na kowa daidaitaccen sassa siffofin a wannan duniya tamu.

Non-Newtonian ruwaye da dũkiyõyinsu

Properties na gas, taya, daskararru - shi ne abu na binciken kimiyyar lissafi, kazalika da wasu m tarbiyya. Duk da haka, ban da na gargajiya ruwa abubuwa, akwai kuma abin da ake kira ba Newtonian, su ma, ana karatu wannan kimiyya. Menene suka kuma me ya sa ake don haka ya kira?

Domin ya fahimci abin da ya ƙunshi na kamar, gabatar da ya fi na kowa yau da kullum misalai:

• "Lizun", wanda yara wasa.
• "Raban hannu", ko wauta putty.
• al'ada insulating shafi.
• sitaci bayani a ruwa, da sauransu.

Wannan shi ne, wadannan su ne ruwa, wanda danko ne batun da gudu dan tudu. A sauri da daukan hotuna, da hakan da danko. Saboda haka, a lokacin da mai kaifi buga din hannunka a kasa shi ne tuba zuwa cikin wata gaba daya m, m to tsage.

Idan ka bar shi shi kadai, to, kawai 'yan mintoci, zai yada m kududdufi. Non-Newtonian ruwa - quite na musamman a kan kaddarorin abubuwa da aka yi amfani da ba kawai ga fasaha dalilai, amma kuma a cikin al'adu da kuma zamantakewa.