A irin da aji na mollusks. Janar halaye na molluscs. Mene ne salivary gland shine yake a molluscs?

Shellfish ne daga cikin mafi tsoho kwaro. Bambanta da gaban na jiki rami da sakandare da aka wuya shirya kayan ciki. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da wani calcareous harsashi, wanda aka kyawawan kyau kare da jikin su kai hari mahara abokan gaba.

Mazauninsu ya rufe da ƙasa da ruwa. Shin wani muhimmin mahada a cikin kayayyakin abinci, da suka ci da yawa dabbobi. Bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikinsu a farkon matakai na raya kasa ne parasites na kifi, sau da yawa ya zama tafki Runduna domin da yawa parasitic tsutsotsi. A wannan batun, ina so in tunatar da magoya na yawon shakatawa, wanda a wani hali ba zai iya sha ruwa mike daga bude kududdufai. Dauke da ruwa larvae opisthorchis zai yi farin ciki don samun a cikin narkewa kamar fili, inda kusa da hanta!

An ba sau da yawa tuna da wannan, amma da yawa jinsunan da irin wannan ne predatory salon. A yin haka, da suka taimaka da cin gaban salivary gland shine yake. Af, abin da yake a salivary gland shine yake a molluscs? A karkashin wannan laima lokaci yakan haifar da quite m bakan da takamaiman gabobin, wanda aka located a cikin pharynx da baka rami. Suna tsara don mugunya daban-daban abubuwa, wanda halaye na iya zama sosai daban-daban daga mu fahimtar da kalmar "tofa".

Matsayin mai mulkin, da mollusks da daya ko biyu da nau'i-nau'i daga gland, wanda a wasu jinsunan isa wani sosai m size. Domin mafi iri na ganima m, wanda suka saki, ya ƙunshi daga 2,18 zuwa 4.25% reagent sa sulfuric acid. Ya taimaka biyu, zuwa fend kashe yara da ganima a kan su dangi (sulfuric acid daidai dissolves calcareous bawo). Wannan abin da salivary gland shine yake na mollusks.

Sauran halitta darajar

Mutane da yawa daga cikin jinsunan slugs kuma katantanwa, sa babban lalacewar noma, a duniya. A daidai wannan lokaci, shi ne Shellfish taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin duniya ruwa magani, tun lokacin da suka bayar da aka yi amfani da tace fita daga gare ta Organic. A ƙasashe da dama, manyan bivalves bred a marine gonaki, kamar yadda su ne mai muhimmanci da abinci da samfur, wanda ya ƙunshi mai yawa gina jiki. Wadannan wakilan da Shellfish (mussels da oysters) suna ko a yi amfani da abin da ake ci abinci mai gina jiki.

A cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet miyagun dauke da zarar 19 wakilan wannan tsoho irin. Duk da bambancin da molluscs, su dole ne a bi da tare da kulawa, kamar yadda su ne da muhimmanci ga ta dace aiki na da yawa na halitta habitats.

A general, da Shellfish ne sau da yawa daban-daban m muhimmancin da mutane. Alal misali, lu'u-lu'u da taro bred a da yawa jihar bakin teku kasashen, kamar yadda irin wannan shi ne wani maroki na halitta lu'u-lu'u. Wasu clams ne mai girma darajar for magani, da kuma sinadaran aiwatar masana'antu.

Shin kana so ka san ban sha'awa facts game da Shellfish? A zamanin da da kuma tsakiyar zamanai, wani lokacin inconspicuous cephalopods sun tushen ga alheri na dukan ƙasashe, saboda su fitar da muhimmanci da shunayya, wanda aka stained tare da sarauta alkyabba da kuma tufafi tsada!

irin Shellfish

A cikin duka, ya na da fiye da 130 000 jinsunan (a, kafiri bambancin da molluscs). Clams a total number ta zarce kawai ta arthropod, su ne na biyu mafi yawan rai kwayoyin a duniya. Mafi yawan su na zaune a cikin ruwa, da kuma kawai mun gwada da kananan yawan jinsuna sun zaba a matsayin da wurin zama ƙasar.

Janar halaye

Kusan duk cikin dabbobin da cewa wani bangare ne na irin wannan ne halin da dama musamman fasali. A nan ana soma a yau a sifofinsu Shellfish:

• Da farko, a uku-Layer. Su tsarin jikinsu kafa daga ectoderm, da indodem, da kuma mesodam.
• Fasali na juna irin sa gagarumin korar da yawa daga jikinsu.
• Non-segmented jiki, a mafi yawan lokuta, in mun gwada kafaffen m farar ƙasa kwatami.
• Akwai fata Musulunci (alkyabbar), wanda ƙunsa duk jikin su.
• Domin motsi ne sosai-tsare tsoka outgrowth (kafar).
• Coelomic rami sosai talauci bayyana.
• Akwai kusan duk wannan sashin jiki tsarin (a Saukake form, ba shakka), kazalika da a cikin mafi girma da dabbobi.

Saboda haka, a sifofinsu Shellfish nuna cewa a gaban mu - quite raya, amma har yanzu m dabbobi. Ba abin mamaki cewa masana kimiyya da dama suka yi ĩmãni asirce babban m na babban adadin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu. Domin tsabta, mun ba da wani tebur wanda a zurfafe fentin halaye na biyu ya fi na kowa azuzuwan.

cikakken jaddadawa

A gastropods jiki ne har yanzu tsakaitã, ko da yake bivalve jinsunan ba ya lura. Da rabo daga cikin jiki zuwa cikin segments kiyaye kawai a wani sosai m nau'in. Secondary jiki rami gabatar da wani jakar da suke kewaye da zuciya tsoka da kuma jima'i gabobin. Dukan sarari tsakanin gawarwakin ne gaba daya cika da parenchyma.

Ki game da kututturen mafi jinsunan mollusks za a iya raba da wadannan ƙungiyoyin:

• Shugaban.
• Jiki.
• Muscle kafa ta hanyar abin da motsi.

All bivalve jinsunan da kai ne gaba daya rage. Karkashin jin dãɗi nufi m murdede hannu cewa ta faro ne daga tushe na ciki bango. Kusa da tushe daga cikin jiki fata Forms manyan pleated riguna. Tsakanin shi da jiki akwai wani wajen manyan rami a cikinsa da wadannan gawawwaki suna located: da gills, da kuma karshe na jima'i da kuma excretory tsarin. Wannan alkyabbar secretes abubuwa wanda reacts da ruwa ta samar da wata m harsashi.

A harsashi na iya zama ko dai gaba daya m, kuma kunshi biyu bawuloli ko fiye faranti. A abun da ke ciki na wannan daina kai hare hare ta shiga yawa carbon dioxide (ba shakka, a cikin mamaye jihar - CaCO ₃₎ da kuma conchiolin, musamman kwayoyin abu wanda aka hada da jikin mollusk. Duk da haka, da yawa jinsunan mollusc harsashi gaba daya, ko partially rage. A slugs daga shi akwai kawai wani kankanin farantin masu girma dabam.

Halaye na narkewa kamar tsarin

gastropods

A ƙarshen gaban na shugaban yana da wani bakin. Babban jiki na shi ne iko, murdede harshe, wanda aka rufe da wani musamman karfi chitin rasp (radula). Tare da taimakon da cochlea kankare algae ko wasu kwayoyin shafi a kan duk m saman. A predatory jinsunan (na abin da muka tattauna a kasa) harshe aka sake haihuwarsu a m, kuma m proboscis, wanda aka yi nufi ga bude da bawo na sauran mollusks.

Mun Cones (na wanda ma za a tattauna dabam), wasu segments na radula mika bayan da baki da kuma samar da wata irin hargi. Tare da su taimako, wadannan wakilan da Shellfish zahiri jĩfa su dafin cikin azabtar. Wasu predatory gastropods harshe ya zama na musamman "rawar soja", sun kawai rawar soja ramuka a cikin kwasfa daga abincinsa allurar dafin.

bivalve

A cikin harka, duk abin da yake da yawa sauki. Suna kawai karya m a kasa (ko Rataya tam a haɗe zuwa substrate), profiltrovyvaya ta hanyar jikin ta daruruwan lita na ruwa tare da narkar da kwayoyin halitta. Tace barbashi shiga kai tsaye a cikin wani ƙato ciki.

numfashi

Mafi yawa daga cikin jinsunan numfasawa ta hanyar gills. Akwai "gaban" da "raya" iri. A farko da gills suna located a gaban na jiki da kuma tip nuna gaba. Haka kuma, a karo na biyu idan da tip dubi baya. Wasu nudibranchs rasa su gills a zahiri hankali na kalma. Wadannan manyan clams numfashi kai tsaye ta hanyar fata.

Don yin wannan, suka ɓullo da wani musamman jiki fata Na'urar irin. A nazarin sasannin jinsunan da sakandare na cikin ruwa mollusks (kakanninsu sake koma wa cikin ruwa) da alkyabbar kashi ne a nannade, forming wani irin haske, da ganuwar da aka shiga da jini densely. Numfasawa irin katantanwa da ake tãyar da ruwa surface da iska wadata dauka ta musamman spiracles. Zuciya, located ba da nisa daga miciwa, cikin sauki "yi" ya kunshi daya atrium da ventricle.

Babban azuzuwan wani bangare ne na irin

Kamar yadda ya raba irin Shellfish? Classes na molluscs (a total na takwas guda), "lashe" da uku mafi yawa:

• Gastropods (Gastropoda). Wannan ya hada da dubban jinsunan katantanwa masu girma dabam, da babban alama wanda yake da low gudun motsi da kyau-ɓullo da murdede kafar.
• Bivalves (Bivalvia). A harsashi na biyu bawuloli. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, duk mambobi ne na aji na jinsin su ne masu zama a gida, m. Iya duka biyu matsawa via murdede kafafu da kuma ta hanyar jet dirka, ejecting matsa ruwa.
• Cephalopod (Cephalopoda). M clams, scallops ko hana baki ɗaya, ko yana a cikin jariri.

Wanda kuma aka kunshe a cikin irin Shellfish? molluscs azuzuwan ne bambancin: Baya ga duk na sama, har yanzu akwai haure harsashi, tubular da caudofoveata, solenogastres da monoplacophora. Dukan su suna zaune da kuma habaka.

Abin da irin burbushin mollusks dauke? molluscs azuzuwan cewa sun riga ya zama dadaddun:

• Rostroconchia.
• Tentaculites.

By hanyar magana, wannan monoplacophora har 1952 da aka dauke gaba daya dadaddun, amma a lokacin da jirgin "Galatea" tare da gudanar da bincike a kan balaguro kama da dama da sabon kwayoyin da cewa an sanya wa wani sabon nau'in Neopilina galatheae. Kamar yadda ka gani, da sunan irin wannan Shellfish da aka bai a madadin na bincike jirgin ruwa, wanda ya same su. Duk da haka, a cikin kimiyya yi, shi ne ba nadiri: iri mafi sau da yawa sanya a cikin girmamawa da discoverer Explorer.

Saboda haka yana yiwuwa cewa duk m shekaru da kuma sabon bincike manufa za su iya wadãtar da irin Shellfish: clams azuzuwan, wanda yanzu dauke su dadaddun, shi za a iya adana wani wuri a cikin fathomless zurfin manyan tekuna.

ban sha'awa facts

Kamar yadda m kamar yadda na iya sauti, daya daga cikin mafi hatsari da kuma m yara a duniya suna dauke ... alama m katantanwa. Alal misali, Cones katantanwa (Lat. Conidae), mai guba da cewa shi ne don haka m cewa shi da ake amfani a yi na zamani harhada magunguna na wasu iri rare kwayoyi. Ba zato ba tsammani, da sunan Shellfish iyali shi ne cikakken wajaba a kansa. Su siffar kuma a gaskiya mafi kamar truncated mazugi.

Suna iya zama m dayansu na musamman ruthlessly fatattaka saukar a kan floodplain ganima. Hakika, a matsayin karshen su ne mafi mulkin mallaka, masu zama a gida jinsunan, kamar yadda ga sauran katantanwa kawai ba zai iya ci gaba up. A aka azabtar da ta size iya wuce goma sau da mafarauci. So su san ban sha'awa facts game da Shellfish? Haka don Allah!

A kan hanyoyin da farauta katantanwa

Mafi sau da yawa mayaudari mollusc amfani da mafi m jiki, karfi murdede kafar. Yana za a iya a haɗe ga samar da wani karfi daidai da aikace-aikace na wani karfi na 20 kg! Predatory katantanwa da cewa shi ne isa. Alal misali, zuwa "kama" da kawa buɗewa a cikin kasa da sa'a guda tare da wani karfi na kawai goma kilo! A takaice, da rayuwar molluscs ne fi hatsari fiye da shi ne zuwa zaton game da shi ...

Wasu nau'in na gastropods kuma bai fi son ba wa tura m prosverlivaya samar kwatami ta musamman proboscis. Wannan kawai da tsari ne mai sauki kuma sauri ba kira a dukkan so. Saboda haka, a lokacin da kauri daga cikin harsashi kawai a 0.1 mm huda iya daukar har zuwa 13 hours! Yeah, wannan hanya na "farauta" ne kawai dace da katantanwa ...

Rushe!

Don soke wani waje harsashi da kuma na da mai shi, Shellfish amfani sulfuric acid (ka riga ya san abin da a salivary gland shine yake a mollusks). Tun da halaka ne mafi sauki da kuma sauri. Da zarar rami da aka yi, da predator fara sannu a hankali ci tafi da ganima daga wani "kunshin", yin amfani da su proboscis. Don wasu har, wannan jiki iya amince a yi la'akari da wani analogue da hannayen mu, domin shi ne kai tsaye da hannu a cikin kama da rike ganima. Bugu da kari, da crane sau da yawa za kõma a cikin irin wannan hanyar da ya wuce da tsawon jiki na mafarauci.

Wannan yadda dodon kodi iya samun su ganima ko da daga zurfin fasa da kuma manyan bawo. Sake, da cewa shi ne daga proboscis cikin wanda aka azabtar ya jiki allura mai karfi da guba, wanda dogara ne a kan chemically m sulfuric acid (saki daga "m" na salivary gland). A takaice, yanzu ka san daidai abin da salivary gland shine yake a molluscs kuma me ya sa suke bukatar shi.