The ma'anar kalmar "karst kogon." Mene ne wannan?

Mene ne ma'anar kalmomin "karst kogo"? Ta yaya wadannan kyau na halitta shafukan? Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi za a iya samu a cikin wannan labarin. Bugu da kari, a nan muka lissafa duniya mafi tsawo kogwanni (photo na karkashin kasa cavities kamar yadda za ka iya gani). Abin mamaki, mafi yawansu ba su located a Amurka.

Kogon - shi ... The ma'anar kalmomin "karst kogo"

Wadannan karkashin kasa cavities tun zamanin da aiki a matsayin wani gida da dabbobi da kuma m mutane. Da suka boye su daga sanyi da kuma daji da yara. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kogwanni da aka samu ba kawai a duniya, amma a kan Moon, Mars. Gano for farkon ma'anar kalmar "karst kogon."

Wannan magana da aka hada da sassa biyu: a "kogo" da kuma "kras".

• Kogon - shi ne wani karkashin kasa da rami ne na halitta asali.
• Karst - ne da wani tsari da kuma sakamakon tabarbarewar (rushe) na wasu duwatsu m (sinadaran abun da ke ciki) ruwan karkashin kasa.

Kalmar "Karst" da aka samu daga Jamus kalma ko karst, ko a kan sunan Filato a Slovenia (Kras), inda wadannan halitta mamaki ne musamman karfi.

Mene ne wani karst kogo?

Wannan irin kogwanni ne ya fi kowa a cikin dukkan sauran karkashin kasa cavities. Mene ne wani karst kogo da kuma yadda shi kafa?

Akwai biyu main ma'anar. A cewar wani na farko, da wata halitta rami (wõfintattu) a cikin sama ɓawon burodi, wanda aka haɗa tare da surface daya ko fiye bayanai. Kamar yadda na biyu definition, a karst kogo - wani boye rami na halitta asalin, wanda ba a hasken rana, amma akwai shi don shigar azzakari cikin farji daga waje.

A binciken da na kogwanni aka tsunduma musamman kimiyya - caving, da kayan for wanda aka sau da yawa samar da abin da ake kira speleotourists.

Kamar yadda kafa kogwanni?

Wannan irin kogwanni kafa ta exogenous matakai, wato saboda da rushe dutse ruwaye. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kogwanni ne ba kawai a cikin wadanda wurare na duniya inda karya m duwatsu, wadda ana iya narkar da ruwa. Daga cikin su - gypsum, salts, alli (kaolin), dolomite, marmara da farar ƙasa.

M dukan wasu halakar da farar ƙasa da marmara. Kogwanni cikin wadannan duwatsu kafa sosai dogon lokaci. A daya hannun, sun tsira mafi alhẽri daga wasu. Alal misali, gypsum kogwanni sukan durkushe kuma marmashe.

An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar karkashin kasa cavities taka ba kawai da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na ruwa (ya kamata a karu taro na carbon dioxide), amma kuma a gaban fasa a cikin ciki na duniya da kuma mika samu karaya. Sun yawanci suna da cibiyar Lines tare da kogwanni da kafa.

Mafi yawa daga cikin karatu kogwanni - a relic irin tsarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa ruwa ya bar bayani a karkashin kasa cavities. Duk da haka, shi ne ta ke hidima a cikin sculptor cewa siffofin da ciki "microrelief" kogon. Karkashin kasa ruwa mai arziki a cikin sulfates da carbonates, kayansa mãsu su a kan garun, da bene, kuma vaults karkashin kasa cavities. Wannan kuma kafa abin da muke kira da stalactites da stalagmites. Sau da yawa sosai, wadannan growths zama m, kuma m siffofin, wanda a cikin duhu duba ko da mafi m.

The main iri kogwanni

Bisa ga inji na Farawa (samuwar) da aka ware, kuma karst, ko tectonic, volcanic, yashewa da kankara kogon.

Karkashin kasa rami kuma classified ta size (bisa jimlar tsawon kuma zurfin), kazalika da irin Dutse wanda suka suna kafa. Saboda haka, akwai kogwanni:

• farar ƙasa.
• gypsum.
• alli.
• gishiri.
• Kogwanni cikin conglomerates da sauransu.

Top 5 mafi tsawo kogwanni na duniya

Hudu daga cikin biyar na mafi tsawo kogwanni a duniya suna located a Amurka, shi ne wani - a Ukraine.

Santa kõgon (game da 630 km) - mafi tsawo kogo tsarin na Duniya. Yana da aka kafa a farar ƙasa miliyan 10 da suka wuce. Kowace shekara da tsawon kogon da aka girma kamar yadda sabon cavers Scout ta farfajiyoyi.

Jewel kõgon (257 km) - An located in South Dakota, kusa da birnin Custer. Its musamman alama ne calcite lu'ulu'u wanda aka rufi da m ganuwar boye Tsarki.

Kogon kaffa (231 km) - Multi-matakin labyrinth cibiyar sadarwa a Ukraine (a cikin Ternopil yankin), da most karkashin kasa da tsarin a Eurasia. Kafa a cikin simintin gyaran.

Wind kõgon (217 km) - wani American mu'ujiza yanayi, wanda aka sani na da alamu a kan arches, kama wani saƙar zuma.

Lechuga kõgon (207 km) - gypsum kogo a Amurka (New Mexico), da hallmark daga waxanda suke da m "luster" na ilimi, kai har zuwa 5-6 mita a diamita.

ƙarshe

To, yanzu ka san ma'anar kalmar "karst kogon." Shi ne wani boye rami na halitta asalin, wanda yana daya ko fiye kantuna a farfajiya. All cavers kogwanni suna classified ta size, da inji na Farawa, kazalika a kan kankara a cikin abin da aka saka (kafa).