Abin da aka coking kwal da kuma inda aka yi amfani da

A karuwa a farashin man da kuma search for madadin makamashi kafofin ba kawai ya kai ga ci gaban sabon fasahar, amma kuma kula zuwa wasu, babu kasa da amfani da albarkatun kasa - kwal. A mafi muhimmanci masana'antu ne coking kwal. Mene ne da darajar da inda an samar - an saita fita a wannan labarin.

Mene ne coking kwal

Wannan ci, daga abin da a cikin yanayi na coking coke sami wasu ƙarfi da size. Yana wakiltar babbar darajar da masana'antu da kuma a kai karfi bukatar a da yawa masana'antu. Saboda haka, coking kwal a matsayin babban man fetur a yi amfani da steelmaking da kuma makamashi.

Coking garwashin bambanta daga sauran garwashin ƙunshi tafi zuwa roba jihar da kuma zuwa sinter kan daukan hotuna zuwa high yanayin zafi ba tare da oxygen.

Abun da ke ciki coking kwal

Coking kwal ne a mayar da hankali tsari da kuma unfortified halin da low ash abun ciki (kasa da kashi 10%), a low abun ciki na maras tabbas gyara (15 zuwa 37%) kuma sulfur (kasa da 3.5%). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran iri kwal, coking garwashin da wani babban konewa zafin jiki da kuma halin da ƙananan abun ciki na impurities. A rabo daga gyara a daban-daban kayan kwal na iya bambanta dan kadan. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi la'akari a kan aiwatar da coking. Saboda haka, dole ƙaddara da abun da ke ciki, coking, sintering hali da kuma sauran Manuniya ga aiki na ci. A kan ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ga coking kwal amfani da wadannan iri:

• By - coke.
• F - mai.
• G - gas.
• OS - otoschenno-caking.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

coking tsari

Karkashin nufa coking aiwatar da mayar da kwal zuwa coke. Ya kunshi dama, saukarwa. A mataki na farko da shirye-shiryen ci coking. Mined kwal da aka kasa da kuma samar da wani musamman saje - saje. A mataki na gaba da aka kwashe coking. Yana auku a musamman ɗakunan ajiya na coke tanda gas yin amfani da dumama. Tattalin cajin sanya shi a cikin wani tanda for 15 hours inda duk lokacin da aka yi kiwon da yawan zafin jiki zuwa 1000 ° C. A sakamakon wannan tsari da aka samu ta hanyar "coke cake."

Coking fasahar a lokacin karni na ashirin, da yawa ya canza, wanda a yarda cin gaban sabuwar kwal.

An kiyasta cewa, game da 10% na duniya samar da kwal carbonization aiwatar faruwa. Wannan ya tabbatar da kasancewar wani babban masana'antu bukatar coking garwashin.

Abin da ke bambanta da coking kuma thermal kwal

A mafi girma darajar da masana'antu samar coking ci, wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin tsari man fetur da yawa a cikin bangaren masana'antu na tattalin arzikin. Alal misali, ga smelting baƙin ƙarfe. Babban alama cewa bambanta da coking kwal a kan makamashi - gaban vitro. Wannan ash bangaren na ci, wanda aka kafa ta bazuwar na shuka in babu oxygen. Vitrain Properties ne da ikon ya narke da sintered karkashin high zazzabi. Saboda haka, carbon microparticles ake gam cikin daya m taro. A mafi girma da maida hankali vitro da hakan ingancin da coking kwal.

A mafi girma yawa na fusible abu kunshe ne a cikin kwal irin wannan kan sarki: Coke, Gas, m, otoschenno-caking da coking kitse.

alamar ci

A yanayi, akwai mutane da yawa irin na ci da su ne daban-daban fasaha abun da ke ciki, da kuma Manuniya sinterability maras tabbas aka gyara. Coking ci dace kawai 'yan brands. Amma ba dukan su ba su dace da sintering a wani m form. Wani lokaci za ka bukatar ka ƙara wasu aka gyara. Saboda haka, akwai da wadannan maki na coking kwal:

1. By - coke. A wannan coking kwal sa an samu a cikin m siffar sharadi metallurgical coke. Domin mafi girma ingancin kwal kara ga sauran brands - m ko gas.
2. QL - Coke m. Yana yana da mafi kyau coking, yafi amfani ga samun coke ba tare da ƙara sauran maki na ci. A abun da ke ciki na m coke ci ƙunshi har zuwa 30% na maras tabbas aka gyara. Tafakkuri vitrain - 1.3%. A kauri daga cikin roba Layer ne 18 mm. Babu coke ingancin canje-canje a yarda da Bugu da kari na hatimi zuwa 20% CS, OS, kuma KO.
3. KO - coke otoschenny. A kauri daga cikin Layer ne 10-12 mm, da tunani vitrain - har zuwa 1%. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan alama ba a yi amfani da shi kadai ba, amma kawai a tare da LCD da combustible kwal.
4. SPE - coke caking nizkometamorfozny. A lokacin sintering wannan irin ci coke kafa m low ƙarfi, saboda haka shi ne yafi amfani ga sintering tare da wasu alamomi, ko kuma don samar da roba gas.
5. Cop - coke caking. A kauri daga cikin roba Layer ne 9 mm. Yana da halin low sinterability. CS sa kwal coke da ake amfani da kamfanonin maras nauyi kamarsa bangaren. Har ila yau, shi da ake amfani a wasu yankunan na samar da rabe konewa.
6. GC - gas coke. Lokacin da carbonization amfanin ƙasa mai kyau coke Fused, amma tare da low inji ƙarfi. sintered samfurin da aka sauƙi rabu a kananan guda. Yawanci, gas da kwal da ake amfani a gaurayawan tare da sauran coking garwashin.

Sintering dauke mafi kyau ga irin alamomi coking kwal: m, caking, gas, otoschenno-caking da coking a tsarkake form. Sun ƙunshi kalla adadin impurities kuma suna da wani babban ductility.

Fields na aikace-aikace

Babban manufar coking kwal - masana'antu man fetur. A lokacin konewa na coking ci fitarda yawa zafi makamashi. Saboda haka, wannan man fetur ƙonewa zafin jiki ne 470ºS. Amma kona - ba kawai hanyar cire da amfani Properties na wannan ma'adinai. Akwai su da yawa wasu sassa na tattalin arzikin a cikin abin da coking kwal amfani yadda ya kamata. A amfani da wannan halitta hanya a masana'antu tafiyar matakai damar zuwa samu daga shi gubar, molybdenum, tutiya, germanium, sulfur, gallium da sauran sinadaran abubuwa. Industrial aikace-aikace sun ma tozartar da kuma ci masana'antu. Saboda haka, suna sarrafa a cikin refractories da abrasives. Har ila yau vata samar kayan gini.

A cikin duka, da man fetur da aka sanya daga dutse a kan 300 irin kayayyakin. Coal da ake amfani da matsayin babbar kasa domin samar da carbon da graphite tsarin abubuwa vysokoazotnyh acid din da ake amfani da takin. Tasiri aikace-aikace ne da abubuwa da ake fito da lokacin coking tsari. Saboda haka, a lokacin da bushe barasan na ci kwalta kafa da kuma ammonia ruwa. Su ma recyclable.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin aiwatar da coking ake kasaftawa gaseous kayayyakin, wanda dauke da benzene, phenol, toluene da ammonia. Su ne tushen sauran gina jiki.

Hakar na coking kwal a Ukraine

Coking kwal a Ukraine ne yafi amfani metallurgical Enterprises. Saboda haka, a cikin karfe masana'antu lissafinsu game da 90% na jimlar bukatar irin wannan man fetur. Karafa masana'antu na samar da kasa coking kwal ciki kasuwar kawai 60%. Sauran 40% na ci cinye shigo. The main maroki na coking kwal zuwa Ukraine ne Rasha.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, da karuwa a bukatar kasashen waje raw kayan a cikin kasar. Wannan shi ne saboda wani karu a cikin gida samar. Har ila yau, da bukatar da m albarkatun kasa da dama saboda da akan rage ta quality, kamar yadda karfe Mills ba zai iya yin amfani da kwal da wani babban sulfur abun ciki.

A Ukraine, da coking ci samar a cikin daruna: Donetsk, Lvov-Volyn, Dnieper. The most yawan kwal reserves sun mayar da hankali a Donetsk, Luhansk da Dnipropetrovsk yankuna. A lokacin, saboda da rikicin siyasa na coking kwal a gabashin Ukraine dakatar.

Coal samarwa a Rasha

manyan kwal suna located a Rasha. A bisa kididdigar, kasar shi ne daya daga cikin wurare na farko a duniya a ci reserves. Fiye da 67% na su a ci. Daga cikin wadannan, 10% suna coking kwal.

A Rasha coking ci mined a tafkunansu: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Donetsk da Kizel. A farko biyu waha nuna kwal a cikin mafi girma da yawa.

Reserves na coking kwal a Rasha ne 47,3 biliyan. Ton. Duk da haka, kawai karamin sashi a shirye don amfani. A cikin 'yan shekaru, samar da coking kwal a Rasha a matakin 70 miliyan. Tan a kowace shekara. Wannan shi ne isa ya samar da albarkatun kasa, masana'antu Enterprises a kasar.

Coking kwal da aka mined a Rasha kwari taki. A ci gaba da ci samar da zai faru idan akwai wata karuwa a bukatar irin wannan raw kayan sa da ci gaban metallurgical da kuma related masana'antu na Rasha tattalin arzikin.

Yiwuwa ga coking ci kasuwar

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa da Rasha ci masana'antu suna jiran canji. Key yankunan na ci gaba da masana'antu za su taba a tsaye tsarin na ci samar. Saboda haka, jama'a da manufofin samar domin kafa kwal mahakar a kan tushen da makamashi da wuraren da kananan da kuma matsakaici iya aiki. Haka kuma an shirya ya shigar da kayan aiki a ci tsire-tsire, wanda damar aiwatar da kwal a cikin tsabta roba habaka.

Game da tallace-tallace kundin, bukatar coking kwal a Rasha za su yi girma. Gaskiyar ita ce, a Bugu da kari zuwa karfe Enterprises Coke yana amfani da wadanda ba ferrous metallurgy da kuma wasu masana'antu. Saboda haka, don samar 1 ton na alade baƙin ƙarfe yana buƙatar game 0.4 ton na coke. Amma madadin fasahar da za su iya maye gurbin shi a kan mafi m hanya hane-hane nema.

da duniya coking ci kasuwa trends

Don kwanan wata, da yawa ci kamfanonin dukan ƙasashe ta wani rikicin a coking ci farashin. Wannan matsala ne ya dada tabarbare jihar da cewa samar da coke a wuce haddi yawa. Haka kuma an wani babban tasiri a kan farashin yana da hali to rage abokin ciniki ta halin kaka. Wani abin takaici yanayi ya taso daga wani marmarin karfe kera don rage samar da halin kaka. A kasashen Turai da kuma a kasar Sin, da bukatar coking kwal ci gaba da girma, amma yana saboda samar da mafi girma Categories. Amma a general, da girma na sayayya na raw kayan a kasuwannin duniya fall.

A kadan don daidaita halin da ake ciki tare da makamashi raw kayan a Amurka kasuwa. Amma farashin ya ci gaba da fada saboda ƙananan bukatar karfe. A sakamakon haka, wannan zai iya rage samar da coking kwal a Amurka da Turai.

Amma masana hango ko hasashen da Yunƙurin a shigo da makamashi da kayayyakin masarufi a India. A shigo da girma na coking ci wannan kasa mukamansu uku a duniya.

kudin da albarkatun kasa

A karo na biyu da kwata na 2015. lura karu a farashin ga coking kwal. Duniya ta manyan kamfanonin bayar da albarkatun kasa a farashin da yake a 5-10% m idan aka kwatanta da na farko kwata. Saboda haka, kasar Afirka ta Kudu kamfanin Anglo American ya miƙa Japan ta coking ci ne daga cikin mafi ingancin ga 116 USD da 1 ton. A talakawan farashin for 1 ton na coking kwal ne 117 na dalar Amurka.