Rasha hakar ma'adinai kamfanonin jerin, da kuma masana'antu trends

Gordodobyvayuschie Rasha da kamfanonin samar da asali ga tattalin arziki. Ciniki ci gaban yana da wani barga matsayi da kuma kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasashen waje kasuwanni.

duniya ranking

Tarihi, Rasha yana da manyan reserves of ma'adanai. Ta hanyar ci gaban da albarkatun ma'adinai da kasar na da manyan matsayi a cikin duniya kasuwar. Manyan hannun jari ba ko da yaushe nufin wani unambiguous shugabanci, misali, da Rasha Federation yana da wani saran gubar a duniya ranking kan reserves tama, amma suna da low baƙin ƙarfe abun ciki. A wannan halin da ake ciki tare da titanium, tin, tungsten, da yawa wasu karfe-dauke da ma'adanai.

Ya bambanta daga Generic Norilsk filin inda ingancin da cirewa albarkatun kasa ne halin high rates. Yau akwai manyan karafa kamfanoni a Rasha, wanda aka tasowa da albarkatun kasa domin samar da nickel (20% na duniya kasuwar), cobalt (10%), jan (3%). Tare da Norilsk mahakar a kasuwannin duniya zo da wani babban adadin platinum, tellurium, palladium. A cewar masana, Norilsk reserves zai šauki da shekaru 30.

Rasha samar 48 irin ma'adinai raw kayan, wanda ya sa ya na da cikakkar shugaban tsakanin 166 hakar ma'adinai kasashen. Mafi yawa daga cikin kasuwa mahalarta a kasashen aiki mafi suna fadin jerin - har zuwa 10 iri ma'adanai. A rabo na Rasha hakar ma'adinai masana'antu a duniya samar ne game da 10%, wanda damar zuwa zauna da uku matsayin rating.

masana'antu Kalubale

Babban matsalar da hakan ma'adinai a Rasha ne rashin din bincike. All gwamnatin ayyukan a wannan yanki da aka katse tun 1966. A zamani tsarin na subsoil amfani da masu zaman kansu developers ba a ta da gudanar da bincike. A sakamakon da girma barazana ga dukan masana'antu. Mafi yawa daga cikin da aka sani adibas ne riga a kan gab da ci daga reserves da sabon ba za a iya bude kuma babu shirya ƙaunar da kimiyya bincike.

Wannan halin da ake ciki take kaiwa zuwa wani dogara da metallurgical shuke-shuke a waje kayayyaki. Aluminum samarwa a cikin gida da tsire-tsire ne kai tsaye dogara a kan gyara. Domin samar da karfe bukatar haƙar kuma alumina, hakar hankali rage-rage. A rabo daga nasu haƙar ne 5-6 ton miliyan a kowace shekara na alumina - har zuwa 2.9 ton a kowace shekara, shi ne bai ishe samar iya aiki. Number of sayi raw kayan zuwa 5.3 ton miliyan.

akwai matsalar na watsi da filayen, a cikin abin da ba zuba jari aka ci gaba fãce kasa bincike na albarkatun ma'adinai. Total reserves na jan karfe a Rasha an kiyasta a 100 ton miliyan. The most ajiya na wannan karfe ne a Eastern Siberia. A cewar bayanan Udokan ƙunshi game da 200 ton na raw kayan, amma suka ba tsunduma. A ci gaba ne da wasu manyan filayen (Oktoba, Gaisky, Talnakhskoye) inda hannun jari su dace ga ƙarshe.

A cikin zurfin Rasha shi ne dubu 10 da ton na zinariya, amma halin da ake ciki a masana'antar zinariya haka general yayi. Bunkasa masana'antu da aka gudanar a Natalka da Suhoy Log (1500 ton na karfe a kowace shekara). The rabo daga cikin Far Eastern District lissafinsu wani babban ɓangare na zinariya (up 58%). Ci gaba da kuma bincike na sabon adibas ba gudanar.

Dalili na tattalin arzikin

Mining kamfanoni ne babban tushe na Rasha, forming kasar kasafin kudin. Taimako zuwa GDP ne 60-70%, kara fitar da kaya daga albarkatun kasa da kuma ƙãre kayayyakin tabbatar da cika na karfafawa asusu na tattalin arziki da kuma jihar reserves. Karafa masana'antu - a sa na masana'antu, ciki har da:

• Hakar na ma'adinai da makamashi kayan (mai, iskar gas, peat, uranium, da kwal, da dai sauransu).
• Mining na ferrous da sauran karafa (tama, chromite, vanadium, molybdenum da sauransu.).
• Nonferrous karfe tama (tagulla, da kuza, da gubar, tutiya, nickel, da dai sauransu).
• Hakar na hakar ma'adinai da kuma sinadaran feedstock (apatite, potassium salts, da baƙin ƙarfe pyrite, phosphates, da dai sauransu).
• Hakar masana'antu albarkatun kasa daban-daban domin samarwa bukatun (graphite, asbestos, alli, farar ƙasa, da yumɓun, da dutse da sauransu.).
• Hakar masu daraja, Semi-m, Semi-duwatsu masu daraja (Diamonds, gemstones da sauransu.).
• Hydromineral shugabanci (ruwan karkashin kasa).

Rasha karafa kamfanoni suna kafa a kan site na ci gaba da albarkatun. Don kammala aikin da kuma rage m sassa yawanci gina hadaddun na related kasuwanci. Ƙarfe tama bi concentrators, smelters da hadaddun kayayyakin ayyukan, ciki har da ƙauyuka ga ma'aikata, hanya mararraba, makamashi da tsarin aiki na masana'antu da shuke-shuke.

manyan kamfanonin

Yau aiki 24 manyan karafa kamfanoni. Labarin kasa ta rufe dukan ƙasar. A manyan rawa a cikin tattalin arziki na taka Siberia da kuma Far East.

Mene ne Rasha hakar ma'adinai kamfanonin? A jerin ne kamar haka:

• "Alrosa" (Pat) - An located a cikin Jamhuriyar Sakha, aiki ne hakar lu'u lu'u, da rabo daga cikin kasuwannin gida - 95% na jimlar girma mined dutse mai daraja.
• Prospectors "Amur" Artel. Kamfanin ya ƙware a samar da platinum, palladium.
• "ARMZ" JSC. Kamfanin ya ƙware a - hakar ma'adinai na uranium ores.
• Goroblagodatsky Mining Group. Kamfanin tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da hadaddun baƙin ƙarfe-tama adibas.
• JSC "Evrazruda" fanni na aiki - ci gaban da biyar da Karafa adibas.
• "Kovdorslyuda" LLC. A lokacin, shi ne a mataki na fatarar.
• JSC "Kola metallurgical kamfanin". Field na aiki - samar da wadanda ba ferrous karafa da karfe.
• "Metalloinvest", kafuwar kamfanin ne samar da tama, da baƙin ƙarfe, da karfe.
• PJSC "Mechel" (ci karafa, da ba-ferrous da ferrous karafa, coking kwal, thermal ci).
• Priargunsky PGHO. Kwarewa ne da ci gaban uranium-molybdenum da kuma uranium adibas a Zabaikalskiy yankin.
• UC Kamfanin Rusal (samar da alumina kuma haƙar aluminum samar).
• GC "Rasha platinum." Areas na aiki - samar da platinum, palladium, eolota.
• MMC "Norilsk" (hakar nickel, jan, palladium, da sauransu. Metals, wadanda ba ferrous karafa).
• PJSC "Severstal", daya daga cikin mafi girma a Enterprises a Rasha, filin na aiki ne hakar kwal, coking kwal, ma'adinai da kuma aiki tama, metallurgical hadaddun da tama-miya shuke-shuke.
• AOA "shuwal" (alumina, primary aluminum, aluminum tushen gami, da dai sauransu).
• JSC Holding "Sibplaz". Kamfanin ta moriyar kwanta karafa, sunadarai, metallurgical kuma yi sassa. Gudanar da bincike da kuma kimiyya aiki.
• "Silvinit" (samar da potassium, potash samar, abinci aiki da kuma masana'antu gishiri, da dai sauransu).
• The hadin gwiwa "Mongolrostsvetmet". Kwarewa - samar da zinariya, fluorite tama, tama bincike.
• Mine "Ehrdehneht" (filin ci gaba molybdenum da kuma jan tama miya shuka, metallurgical shuka).
• Chek-SU (hakar ma'adinai na manganese tama Usinsk ajiya, yi na GOK).
• JSC "YATEC" fanni na aiki - samar da hydrocarbons, gas bincike.
• JSC «Kaliningrad Amber Shuka" (masana'antu samar da amber, ado).

Rasha karafa kamfanoni suna aiki a tare da aiki da kuma masana'antu da wuraren.

jobs

Jobs in most ga tattalin arziki ne ko da yaushe akwai. Mutane da yawa sukan samu shiga hakar ma'adinai Enterprises a Rasha. Jobs kusan ko da yaushe bude ga direbobi na manyan motoci da kuma na musamman kayan aiki, ma'aikata, akwai akai karancin m welders. Jobs List aka sabunta kullum, wanda ya ba da damar a yi dukkan 'yan takara don samun ake so matsayi.

Mafi yawan kamfanonin sun mayar da hankali a arewacin yankunan na Rasha, inda yanayin aiki ne sosai hadaddun. Masu daukan ma'aikata, a Bugu da kari ga mafi girma Hakkin, bayar da musamman jadawalin - shift Hanyar aiki. Agogon iya wuce daga 15 days zuwa watanni shida, bayan da ma'aikaci sami cikakken ijãra a duk lokaci. Waɗanda aka riga aiki a cikin wannan yanayin, da kuma magana gaskiya ma game da kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu, da kuma a kan Hakkin.