Kungiyar tarayyar Afirka (AU) - na duniya gwamnatoci kungiyar. Nufa, Member States

A zamani duniya ne multipolar al'umma. Yadu da aka sani shi ne wani babbar hanyar ƙungiya daga kasashen Turai, kamar yadda kungiyar kasashen Turai. By misalin tare da wannan al'umma na kasashen Afirka sun kafa su yankin samuwar - AU.

Kwanan wata na kafa kungiyar

Kwanan wata daga cikin kungiyar har yanzu ba a fili kafa. Duniya al'umma gane da ranar haihuwa Union 9 Yuli 2002. Mahalarta taron na jam'iyya dauke da kafa ranar May 26, 2001. Me ya sa ake irin wannan, sãɓã wa jũnamai?

Adari a kan samuwar kungiyar tarayyar Afirka da aka soma a watan Satumba 1999 a wani matsanancin taron shugabannin kasashen nahiyar Afrika jihar a Libya (a Sirte). A shekara, sun amince da yi game da kafa taron AU a birnin Lome (Togo) da kuma ayyana kafa na kungiyar. A May 2001, hamsin da daya Afirka ya ƙulla da yi a kan ilimi jawabai. Saboda haka akwai wani farko kwanan wata.

37th OAU Majalisar a watan Yuli wannan shekarar a Lusaka (babban birnin kasar Zambia) ya amince da asali takardun kwatanta doka akai da na'urar da sabon shiri. Tabbatar da Yarjejeniya ya maye gurbin OAU Yarjejeniya, wanda shi ne doka akai ga dukan zamanin da miƙa mulki daga cikin AU zuwa AOE (wanda dade a shekara). Yuli 9, 2002 a karon farko da taron AU a buɗe, wadda aka gudanar a birnin Durban (Afirka ta Kudu). A da shi ya zaɓi Thabo Mbeki, shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu, shugaban farko na kungiyar tarayyar Afirka. Turawa la'akari da wannan farkon tarihin kungiyar tarayyar Afirka.

Sanadin Union

Kungiyar tarayyar kasashen Afrika shi ne mafi girma shiri na jihohi na nahiyar Afirka. Ta haddasawa karu daga tattalin arziki da siyasa canje-canje a duniya bayan samuwar na farko babbar hanyar jam'iyya na kasashen Afrika.

Bayan samun 'yancin kai, goma sha bakwai kasashen Afirka a shekarar 1960, da ake kira "shekara na Afirka", da kawunansu sun yanke shawarar yin aiki tare, don magance kunno kai matsaloli. Back a shekarar 1963 a kasar shiga da kokarin a cikin tsarin na Organization of Afirka Unity. A farko manufofin da siyasa Inter-jiha ƙungiyoyi ne: da kariya na kasa 'yancin kai da' yancin yankunanta na Amurka, ci gaban hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen na kungiyar tarayyar, da mafita daga yankin rigingimu, hadin gwiwa a dukkan duniyoyin rayuwa, mayar da hankali a kan kasa da kasa hadin kai.

By farkon karni na ashirin, mafi daga cikin manufofin da aka kammala. Saboda muhimman canje-canje a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa da sabon kalubale da fuskantar da kasashen Afrika. A kan tushen da OAU, an yanke shawarar kirkiro gaje tare da sabon raga. A halin yanzu tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a Afirka na bukatar wani bincike na cikin latest tasiri sunadaran don warware matsaloli.

Babban bambancin

Kafa da kungiyar kasashen Afirka sun ci gaba da kuma fara aiwatar da Kawancen tattalin arziki shirin (na farko haruffa na Turanci sunan New Partnership for Afirka s Development) - «sabon} awancen na cigaban Afrika." A shirin ya shafi ci gaban dalnesrochnoe jihohi kan hadewa da juna da kuma daidaita hadin gwiwa tare da duniya al'umma.

Rikidar Union a kan fifiko manufofin tattalin arziki a kan shika-shikan, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, da amfani tasiri da mafita daga cikin data kasance da matsaloli na kasashen Afrika. Wannan yana nufin babban bambanci tsakanin OAU da AU. Tattalin arziki na jihohin da aka shirya ba tare da kokarin canza gudanar da harkokin siyasa da kuma administrative division.

Dalilin da kungiyar

A primary manufar zaba tattalin arzikin shiyya na Afirka. Tattalin arziki da siyasa hadin gwiwa, guda biyu tare da karfafa hadin kai a matakin kasa da kasa da nufin samun manufa na kare ikon mallaka da kuma halittar mafi kyau duka yanayi na rayuwa na mutanen Afirka.

babban ayyuka

Don cimma wadannan manufofi na asali kwatance na aiki, tsara a matsayin matsalar da kungiyar tarayyar Afirka. A farko wuri ne ci gaba da kuma karfafa Afirka hadewa a cikin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa duniyoyin. Domin da aiwatar bukatar aiwatar da biyu haƙiƙa: don kare moriyar jama'ar na nahiyar ta inganta su ga matakin kasa da kasa. Daga farko biyu da wadannan ayyuka, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa a cimma aiwatar da suka gabata wadanda: da tabbatar da zaman lafiya a dukkan kasashen nahiyar da kuma su kare lafiya. Kuma da karshe kalubale: fostering cibiyoyin mulkin demokra] da kuma kare hakkin dan Adam.

Amurka - mambobi na kungiyar tarayyar

Don kwanan wata, kungiyar tarayyar kasashen Afrika ya hada da hamsin da huɗu jihohi. Idan wani ya lura da cewa nahiyar Afirka da aka located hamsin da biyar kasashe da biyar da shari'ã, da kuma kai-shelar jihohi, shi ne kusan dukkan kasashen Afirka. A ka'ida, ƙungiyar na Afirka jihohi ba su shiga Mulkin Morocco, bayanin ya ƙi m yanke shawara na kungiyar tarayyar dauki a Yammacin Sahara. Morocco ya wadãtu da ƙasa ta.

Kasashen a cikin kungiyar tarayyar Afirka, ba a lokaci guda. Mafi yawansu sun kasance cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar hada kan kasashen Afrika a 1963. Bayan da canji na OAU, sai dukansu suka tafi zuwa cikin kungiyar tarayyar Afirka. A shekarar 1963, ashirin da biyar ga watan Mayu, da ƙungiyar hada da: Algeria, Benin (har 1975 Dahomey), Burkina Faso (har 1984 Upper Volta), Burundi, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, da Democratic Republic of Congo, Misira, Kamaru, Congo, Cote Ivoire (har 1986 da aka sani da Ivory Coast), Madagascar, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Libya, Morocco (seceded daga Union a 1984), da Nijar, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Najeriya, Tunisia, Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Sudan, da Habasha. A watan Disamba, ta goma sha uku na wannan shekara, a cikin OAU zo zuwa Kenya.

Kara girman nahiyar ga Union

A shekarar 1964, kungiyar ta zama Tanzania - Janairu 16, Malawi - Yuli 13, Zambia - 16 Disamba. Gambiya shiga a watan Oktoba 1965, Botswana - Oktoba 31, 1966. 1968 shiga rukunin kungiyar wasu kasashe uku: Mauritius, Swaziland - 24 Satumba 1968, Equatorial Guinea - 12 Oktoba. Botswana, Lesotho, Guinea-Bissau ya koma kungiyar 19 Oktoba 1973. Kuma a shekarar 1975 ya shiga Angola - Fabrairu 11, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe, da Cape Verde, Comoros a kan 18 Yuli. 29 ga watan Yuni, 1976 Union supplemented da Seychelles. Djibouti shiga cikin wasu States Yuni 27, 1977, Zimbabwe (ƙasar matalauta miliyoyi kamar yadda shi ne ake kira) - a 1980, yammacin Sahara - Fabrairu 22, 1982. A nineties sake kai ga wani karuwa a yawan mambobi na kungiyar Unity: Namibia shiga a shekarar 1990, May 24, 1993 ya zama memba na Eritrea, Yuni 6, 1994 - Afrika ta Kudu. A karshe jihar ya samu mambobi a cikin kungiyar tarayyar Afirka Yuli 28, 2011, ya zama Sudan ta Kudu.

A bambancin da halartar kasashen

A jawabai hada da kasar a bunƙasa tattalin arziki kalubale a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba. Mun fahince wasu daga cikinsu.

Kasar Najeriya ba na baya zuwa sauran Afirka na farko wuri cikin sharuddan yawan. Duk da haka, shi ne kawai a cikin goma sha huɗu wuri a kan yankin na da karkararta. Tun 2014 jihar ya zama wani abu samar da mai a Afirka.

Guinea-Bissau - daya daga cikin matalautan kasashe a duniya, daga cikin shugabannin saman biyar. A arziki mai adibas na haƙar da phosphates ba ci gaba. Babban zama na yawan - kama kifi da shinkafa namo.

Matalautan ƙasar da ya shafi Senegal. A ci gaba da adibas na zinariya, da man fetur, tama da kuma jan ne da za'ayi talauci. Jihar tsira a kan bayar da agaji kudi daga kasashen waje.

Kamaru - kasar da ya saba. A daya hannun, wannan shi ne wani jihar da gagarumin arzikin man fetur, mukamansu goma sha ɗaya daga cikin kasashe masu samar da a Afirka. Wannan ba ka damar kiran kasar wadãtacce jihar. A daya hannun, rabin na yawan al'ummarta ne cikin talauci.

da muhimman hakkokin ka'idodin

A munasaba da makamai rikici tsakanin kasashen biyu ya kai ga samuwar asali manufa na AU. Magance hukumomi da kuma gida tsoma bakin da sha'awar a samun 'yancin mallakar da kuma ƙaddarãwar adibas na daban-daban ma'adanai a cikin ƙasa na nahiyar. Don hana yiwu m rikice-rikice kullum yarda da amincewa da jihar kan iyakoki na kungiyar mambobin cewa sun kafa domin lokacin da suka kokarin cimma, na 'yancin kai.

Tarayyar dauki da hakkin ya shiryar da baki a cikin harkokin States mambobi ne na kungiyar, idan yanke shawara da aka yi da biyu daga kashi uku ɗin abin da membobin majalisar shuwagabannin gwamnatin. Wannan shawarar da m tura sojojin kungiyar AU zai yiwu a yanayin saukan kisan kare dangi da musamman al'ummai, cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma laifuffukan yaki.

Hadisin da} ir}

A sabon manufa ne cewa shuwagabannin gwamnatin, wanda ya zo ikon ta hanyar doka, don amfani a cikin magana ba a yarda. Domin sun fusata kasashen bayar da kewayon takunkumi jere daga dakatar da zabe a Majalisar da kuma kawo karshen tare da lõkacin fatara daga hadin gwiwar tattalin. Matakan da nufin a kara nauyin da shugabannin jihar.

A cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama AU bãyukansu da manufa na hadin gwiwa da kuma Non-hada kai ya yi kira a cikin kundin tsarin MDD.

tsarin hukuma

Majalisar na shuwagabannin gwamnatin a shugaban babban hukumomin kungiyar tarayyar Afrika da kuma za a gudanar da sau daya a shekara. A zartarwa reshe mamaye AU. Domin da zaben na shugaban kungiyar AU kuma shugaban kwamitin AU zaben da ake gudanar sau ɗaya a shekara. A OAU ya ɓullo da wani irin hadisin: da kujera na kungiyar tarayyar kasashen Afrika daukan da shugaban jihar inda taron da aka gudanar. A tsarin gwamnatin ya shafi zabar majalisun dokokin kasashen Afirka (VAP).

A bangaren shari'a ke karkashin jagorancin Kotun Union, ga wanda jeri kasance kasar Nijeriya. Don warware matsalar dukkan-Union halitta Afirka Central Bank, Afirka Asusun bada lamuni, da Afirka bankin zuba jari. Kamar yadda ake bukata, Majalisar na da hakkin ya shirya musamman fasaha kwamitoci don magance gaggawa al'amura. Kamar haka ya tashi da kungiyar tarayyar a kan tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasa da kuma al'adu. A 2010, sojoji da aka kafa, da farko maye gurbinsu yankin manyan sojojin.

AU ta na da takwas mambobi. Mata asusu domin mafi yawan su (biyar na takwas). Dokokin kan GSA bada shawarar cewa ka shigar da biyu mata daga cikin biyar m wakilai, daga kowane memba jihar jam'iyya.

Tuƙi Center da kuma kungiyar tarayyar Afirka Administration ne a kasar Habasha a Addis Ababa birni.

Yiwuwa ga ci gaban da kungiyar tarayyar Afirka

Ashirin-farko karni o ƙarin don kauce wa unforeseen yanayi, da biyan karin da kuma fiye da hankali ga samuwar da kuma ci gaban supranational Tsarin. Yau, kasa da kasa gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi juya zuwa tsakiyar na} o} arin magance duniya matsaloli na yau. Hadewa da kasashen Afirka, wanda ga mafi part kasance a cikin category daga cikin mafi talauci, an tsara don gama kokarin kawar da Sanadin ƙarni na wani mendicant jihar.

AS sauya biyu data kasance kafin shi na duniya gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi: OAU da NPP (da Afirka tattalin arzikin kasashen). Da ayyukan nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, tsara don talatin da hudu shekaru (tun 1976) ya ba su iya jimre cikin illar da duniya. Daidai matsayi ne tsara jawabai.