Kwayoyin cutar: a hanyar cin abinci, tsarin fasali, mazauninsu

Wannan talifin zai tattauna mafi tsoho kwayoyin - kwayoyin. Catering da mazauninsu na wadannan kwayoyin ne sosai bambancin. Yadda juna wadannan halaye?

Janar halaye na kwayoyin cuta

A kwayoyin ne a rukuni na microscopic unicellular kwayoyin. Su prokaryotes. Wannan yana nufin cewa su Kwayoyin ba dauke da nuclei bayar. Su kayyade abu ya ƙunshi cikin jigidar halittar DNA annular ayi kai tsaye a cikin cytoplasm.

Siffofi na kwayan Kwayoyin suna da bambancin. Suna iya daukar wani nau'i na Sphere, sanda, inabi, spirals, da taurari, da kuma shigen sukari m. P. {asa kwayoyin na waje wakilta permeable membrane, mucous kwantena da cell bango murein ko ya kunshi pectin. A cytoplasm da prokaryotic ribosomes ne cytoskeletal abubuwa.

Kwayoyin cutar: a hanyar cin abinci, kuma mai rai yanayi

Saboda da sauki daga cikin tsarin, da kwayoyin cuta sun ƙware duk wuraren. An same su a cikin ruwa, ƙasa, iska, kankara, maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi, a jiki surface a cikin kayan ciki na shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da mutane. By hanyar abinci kwayoyin ne duka auto- da heterotrophs.

Tsohon dauke a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu, da plastids chloroplast da wanda photosynthesis faruwa. Its sakamakon haka ne carbohydrate glucose, wanda ake amfani da su aiwatar da daban-daban tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. A kwayoyin amfani ga kira na Organic abubuwa makamashin hasken rana, wanda kuma ake kira phototrophs. Wadannan sun hada da kore, da shunayya, da cyanobacteria.

Wani rukuni na autotrophic kwayoyin amfani ga rayuwar da makamashi da sunadarai shaidu. Sun maida hadaddun mahadi cikin sauki. Wannan tsari shine ake kira chemosynthesis. Misalan irin kwayoyin ne sulfur, da baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma nitrogen-kayyade kwayoyin.

Kuma isasshe yawa kungiyar na heterotrophic prokaryotes. su samar da wutar lantarki ya dogara da yanayi. Dangane da wannan, akwai uku kungiyoyin na kwayoyin cuta:

• saprotrophs.
• parasites.
• symbiotic kwayoyin.

Bari mu bincika kowane daga cikinsu a cikin daki-daki.

saprotrophs

Wannan rukuni na kwayoyin kawaici a dukan kafofin watsa labarai wadda dauke da kwayoyin halitta. Wannan na iya zama gona, shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Alal misali, kwayoyin cuta na lalata da ikon ne saprotroph Hanyar. Su decompose kwayoyin halitta, cire gina jiki.

Irin wannan shi ne hanyar da ikon lactic acid kwayoyin cuta. Su ikon ferment carbohydrates suna yadu amfani da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Kefir, fermented gasa madara, gida cuku, yogurt - duk sharar kayayyakin da irin wannan prokaryotes.

ƙwarƙwata

Parasitic kwayoyin cuta, da hanyar wanda shi ne ma mai ikon heterotrophic zauna a ciki ko a farfajiya na sauran kwayoyin. Cin abinci Masters rai, da suka sa tsanani cututtuka. Alal misali, dysentery bacillus, cewa ninka a cikin hanji, yana sa wani rauni, zazzabi, ciwon kai, takaici da kujera - duk manifestations na dysentery. "A cuta daga datti hannayensu" sukan kira a matsayin salmonellosis, typhoid zazzabi da kuma cutar kwalara. Dukan su suna lalacewa ta hanyar da ingestion na parasitic prokaryotes.

Mutane da dabbobi hatsari cututtuka ne da tarin fuka, Anthrax, tetanus, angina, diphtheria, glanders, Brucellosis. Sassan su gabatarwar a cikin jiki ne daban-daban:

• cin abinci da gurbatacen ruwa ko abinci.
• Airborne hanya.
• Gaza bada hašin kai kiwon lafiya.

symbiotic kwayoyin

Mutane da yawa kwayoyin ne iya shiga moriyar dangantaka tare da sauran mulkokin yanayi. Su ba togiya da kwayoyin. Catering wakilan wannan kungiyar ne ma heterotrophic. Duk da haka, sun kasance a shirye don ci abubuwa sauran kwayoyin ba tare da haddasa cutar. Bugu da kari, wannan cohabitation yana da yawa amfanin.

An misali na irin wannan manifestations ake nitrifying kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin tushen leguminous shuke-shuke. Samun akwai daga ƙasa ta hanyar fasa a cikin shafi na nama, da suka fara zuwa rayayye radiyo. Wannan results a cikin wani karamin, amma da yawa kumfa. Wannan irin kwayoyin iya gyara nitrogen, wani ɓangare na iska da kuma maida shi cikin wani samuwa nau'i na shuke-shuke. A wannan yanayin da suka shirya daga shuka na gina jiki, wanda suke a cikin ruwa-ruwa bayani.

Human symbiotic kwayoyin ne prokaryotes cewa zaune a cikin Gut. Nan, sun nuna enzymes, da kara gudanar da tsagawa a yawan kwayoyin mahadi. A kwayoyin na fata da kuma mucous membranes hana sake ma su matsugunni da "dan hanya" prokaryotes.

Saboda haka, kwayoyin cuta ne guda-celled prokaryotic kwayoyin. Sun iya da kansa hada kwayoyin fili (autotrophs) da kuma shirye su ci (heterotrophs).