Maganin "Menaktra": umarnin, kwatancin da kuma sake dubawa

Maganin "Menaktra" - wani sabon ƙarni na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kadan ne da aka sani a matsayin mai gwada sabon halitta (game da 10 da suka wuce), wani Amurka kamfanin Sanofi Pasteur. A miyagun ƙwayoyi ya wuce jerin gwaje-gwaje da kuma shi ne quite daban-daban daga irin wannan kayayyakin. Shi yana da yawan kwayoyin da tasiri da samuwar rigakafi sigogi da kwayoyin da ya faru na meningitis da jini guba da lalacewa ta hanyar meningococcus.

tsarin

Maganin "Menaktra" yayi kashedin da wani yawan cututtuka, wanda ya shafi bayyanar meningococcus serogroup musamman. Yana da wani dan kadan m bayyananne bayani ga intramuscular gwamnati.

Daya kashi ne game da 0.5 ml, ya hada da irin wannan aiki aka gyara kamar yadda monovalent meningococcal conjugates cewa kunshi mai hade da wasu iri polysaccharide serogroups (A, C, Y, W-135) da kuma wani m gina jiki. Kowane guda polysaccharide conjugated zuwa diphtheria toxoid allura kashi daidaita 48 MG.

Ƙarin abubuwa a miyagun ƙwayoyi abun da ke ciki ne: sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate da musamman ruwa ga allura.

A shirye-shiryen da aka kunsasshen a gilashin vials dauke da wani daya-lokaci kashi - 0.5 ml. A kartani iya zama daya ko biyar vials, da kuma umarnin don amfani.

Maganin da aka adana a zazzabi 2-8 ° C. Yana dole ba za a daskarewa. Yana dole ne a adana a cikin sanyi wuri daga isar yara. Idan magani saboda wasu dalilai da aka daskarewa, shi ne ba batun kara yin amfani.

Shiryayye-rai da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne shekaru biyu daga samarwa kwanan buga a kan kunshin.

"Menaktru" samar da duniya-sanannen manufacturer na magani, "Sanofi Pasteur Inc.".

Maganin "Menaktra": da bayanin irin pharmacological mataki

Yawanci, da causative wakili na meningococcal cututtuka (msl meningitis) ya zama kwayoyin N. Meningitidis. Yana gano wani yawan serotypes wannan rukuni na kwayoyin. Amfani "Menaktra" maganin stimulates samar da takamaiman antibodies directed a kan causative wakili na meningococcal cuta. Maganin ƙunshi hudu serogroup ne A, C, da kuma Y W-135. Suna dukkan baiwa da musamman bactericidal aiki.

Gwajinsu da nufin samun wani sakamako daga saitin "Menaktry" ba za'ayi, tun zabin da magani bactericidal antibodies (SBA) ne matakin na iya aiki na meningococcal alurar.

Immunological ingancin bi da yara daga 2 zuwa 10 shekaru da waɗanda shekaru 11-55 shekaru. Immunogenicity aka ƙaddara cikin sharuddan da ayyuka na antibody, wanda aka gano da magani bactericidal kima. Mutane shekaru kungiyar 2-10 shekaru dauke rigakafi mayar da martani ga wani guda halitta na maganin, da kuma bayan kwanaki 28. karuwa a lissafi titer tsaka-tsaki da aka gano (GMTs) na bactericidal antibodies. All iri serogroups a 86-100% na lokuta a wani wuri nuna alama undetectable titers aka rubuta seroconversion, halin kamar yadda chetrehkratnoe da wani Yunƙurin a antibody titers a kwanaki 28 bayan alurar riga kafi.

Kafaffen iya aiki "Menaktry" shafi na immunological memory bayan farko alurar riga kafi a yara da kuma manya.

A gwajin da sakamakon a persons 11-18 shekaru sun nuna cewa rigakafi mayar da martani ga daya-lokaci samuwar maganin. Manuniya SBA GMTs for 28 days bayan alurar riga kafi, mafi fi asali. A 98-100% na matasa, tare da rashin tabbas na farko antibody matakan a rana 28 da aka nuna cherehkratnoe karuwa a SBA titre to duk iri serogroup B maganin. Wadannan facts nuna high immunogenicity da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kayyade shekaru.

A manya da indeterminate antibody titers a 93-100% na lokuta nuna wani hudu-Musulunci karuwa a SBA titer ga duk sauran iri serogroups pathogen a cikin maganin abun da ke ciki. A duk gwaje-gwaje, da immunological mayar da martani ne guda ko da jinsi, shekaru da kuma tseren.

Babu Manuniya a kan motsi na farko martani ga samuwar maganin, amma da na rigakafi da martani bayan 7-10 kwanaki bayan alurar riga kafi da aka rubuta.

Duration na rigakafi da kariya bayan na farko samuwar maganin tabbatar a gwajinsu da shi ne daidai shekaru uku bayan guda gwamnati.

alamomi

Maganin "Menaktra" an tsara su hana meningococcal kamuwa da cuta. Fitowan na karshen rinjayar da kwayoyin N. Meningitidis da irin wannan nau'i na serogroups matsayin A, C, da kuma Y W-135 a cikin mutane na dabam dabam shekaru kungiyar.

Contraindications zuwa cikin halitta da alluran

"Menaktra" (maganin) kada a yi amfani a yanayin saukan rashin ha} uri, ko ƙarin aiki abubuwa a cikin abun da ke ciki. Ban cututtuka ne dauke da kwayar cutar da wadanda ba dauke da kwayar cutar yanayi, kazalika da lokacin exacerbations na kullum cututtuka.

Sashi kuma Hanyar alurar riga kafi

Shiri "Menaktra" (maganin) anyishi intramuscularly shawara jagora, zai fi dacewa a yankin na kafada deltoid tsokoki. Yara har zuwa shekara da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne an gudanar a cikin tsoka cinya yanki, tun da wannan category na marasa lafiya kafada tsokoki ne underdeveloped. Inoculation aka yi sau ɗaya kawai a sashi na 0.5 ml.

Kafin fitowar maganin bukatar cika da wasu matakan tsaro, wanda ake nufin da rigakafin maras so sakamakon. Yana nazarin Jihar kiwon lafiya na wani mutum, gano gaban contraindications.

Alurar riga kafi ne kawai a paramedic kuma a karkashin ta iko. A lura dakin domin irin wannan allurar rigakafin kamata a sanye take antishock kwayoyi don magani.

A wasu lokuta, bayan gabatarwar allura aka lura rufe da mãgãgi. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, allurar rigakafi, ya zama ya shirya domin wannan Jihar harkokin kuma a dace hanya su hana rauni alaka a fall, kazalika da samar da zama dole kiwon lafiya.

Akwai da yawa likita takardun da sanin yadda maganin da ya kamata a yi amfani da "Menaktra". The lamba jadawalin ne kamar haka:

• Jarirai shekaru 9-23 watanni, maganin da aka sa a cikin matakai biyu. Bayan na farko lamba yin hutu na watanni uku, sai kuma a yi na biyu.
• Yara daga shekaru biyu, matasa da kuma manya da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne an gudanar intramuscularly, da kuma sau ɗaya kawai.

Da miyagun ƙwayoyi samar da kariya a kan meningococcal cuta, wadda bayyana kanta bayan kwanaki goma daga ranar alurar riga kafi. Booster kashi a cikin wannan hali ba a bayar.

Hulda da sauran kwayoyi

Medicine "Menaktra" (live vaccine) iya gudanar a hade tare da wani polysaccharide maganin, typhoid gargadi aukuwa. Hada da adsorbed maganin da tetanus da diphtheria. Raba sama allurar rigakafin iya zama a cikin shekaru kungiyar 11-17 da kuma 18-55 shekaru.

Ba za ka iya sa duka biyu maganin "Menaktra" da kuma BCG alurar riga kafi.

Idan biyu allurar rigakafin suna da za'ayi a lokaci guda, dole ne a yi a sassa daban-daban na jiki. Ga kowane allura amfani da wani raba sirinji.

Pregnancy kuma lactation

A sakamakon m gwajinsu, an gano cewa, ba illa sakamako a kan ciki da tayin maganin "Menaktra". Description da miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko da yake yana bada shawarar yin amfani da shi a wannan lokaci, idan m amfani zuwa ga uwar marasa hadarin domin ci gaba da tayin. Alal misali, ta amfani da halatta idan meningococcal cuta ne m, tare da an cutar ko wata ziyara zuwa wani endemic yankin.

Ba karatu da ikon na aiki sinadaran na maganin wuce a cikin ƙirjinka madara ciyar mata. A farkon gwaji na irin wannan alluran antibodies zuwa polysaccharides samu a cikin matasa beraye, wanda har yanzu ciyar da mahaifiyarsa. Wannan al'amari yana da wani sakamako a kan zuriyarsa ci gaba. Similar nazarin a kan mutane ba, an gudanar.

Kafin ka kajin a mace a lokacin lactation, dole ne ka a hankali ku auna nauyi da kasada da yuwuwar amfani daga lamba.

Maganin "Menaktra": illa

Bayan lamba tare da wannan magani a da yawa marasa lafiya damu game daban-daban korau halayen. Symptomatology ne bambance bambancen dangane da shekaru ainihi.

Saboda haka, a cikin mutane, daga biyu zuwa shekaru goma da aka alama ta taushi, induration, kumburi da redness na allura zone. Yara bayan alurar riga kafi da aka yadda nake alfaharin fa, akwai drowsiness. A wasu lokuta, akwai anorexia, zawo da amai da zazzabi. Firgita yara kurji, kuma urticaria. Akwai bayyananen a cikin nau'i na arthralgia.

Matasa 11-18 shekara da kuma manya shekaru 18-55 shekaru, akwai zafi da induration a cikin gabatarwar alurar riga kafi. Na sha wahala daga ciwon kai, gudawa da amai. Tashi gajiya. Rage ci. rash, arthralgia aka gani. Akwai wani zazzabi, janar malaise, zazzabi.

Akwai daban-daban hypersensitivity dauki. Guillain-Barre ciwo aka lura, m asarar memory, seizures, inna na gyara man fuska jijiya, paresthesia, mai gangara myelitis, juwa ko jiri, watsa encephalomyelitis a m tsari, myalgia.

Meningococcal maganin "Menaktra" kamuwa da cuta zai iya sa wani iri-iri ailments, amma su ne m, kuma bace a cikin mako guda bayan da alurar riga kafi.

tsõratar

"Menaktra" meningitis maganin bada shawarar ga mutane tare da wani ƙãra hadarin ƙulla meningococcal cuta. Waɗannan su ne mutanen da suka kasance a tsaye lamba tare da marasa lafiya kamu da meningococcus. Ya kamata mu yi maganin mutane da properdin rashi, da kuma gaba da aka gyara. Maganin ne mai muhimmanci 'yan ƙasa da asplenia. Yana kuma iya sa mutane tafiya a hyperendemic yankunan, da kuma awon ma'aikata a kai a kai gudanar da daban-daban da karatu a kan sakamakon da kwayoyin N. Meningitidis. Doctors bayar da shawarar da wannan maganin ga dalibai da suke zaune a ɗakin barci, da kuma conscripts.

A miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata ba za a gudanar da intravenously, intra- ko subcutaneously. da zai yiwu sakamakon irin data a cikin shigarwa ne babu magunguna.

Taba gama wannan maganin a daya sirinji tare da wasu kwayoyi.

Ba karatu da tasiri na lamba a kan marasa lafiya da thrombocytopenia ko mutanen da fama da zub da jini cuta. Akwai wani hadarin zub da jini a lokacin da gudanar intramuscularly. A cikin hali na alluran productions irin wannan mutum dole ne ku auna nauyi da m kasada da kuma amfanin.

A irin wannan tsarin da ake lura da Guillain-Barre ciwo. Akwai lokuta da cutar ci gaban bayan maganin gwamnati. Saboda haka, kafin fuskar lamba, wahala daga Guillain-Barre ciwo, shi wajibi ne don a hankali tantance duk yiwu kasada.

Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba a hana meningitis jawo da sauran micro-kwayoyin da kwayoyin cuta, kazalika da cututtuka da meningococcal serogroup B kamuwa da cuta

A mutane da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin da waɗanda suke tãre immunosuppressive magani ne sau da yawa a rage rigakafi mayar da martani ga zargin "Menaktra" allurar rigakafin. A m rigakafi martani za a iya generated ba dukan marasa lafiya ne daidai da a 100%.

Kafin mai zuwa lamba paramedic ko likita ya kamata sanar da marasa lafiya game da hatsarori ko amfanin bayar da allurar rigakafin cutar, kazalika da yiwu illa.

Reviews na lamba

Yana siffofi high sinadaran tsarki, barga, kuma kayyade dogon rigakafi da kariya da multivalency "Menaktra" (maganin). Comments game da wannan inoculation kagaggun tabbatacce.

Mutane da yawa uwãyensu sa maganin wa 'ya'yansu a wani wuri shekaru, da kuma a baya. Suka ce cewa shi yana da kyau jure da wuya Yanã m halayen. Wasu yara a farkon kwanaki bayan alurar riga kafi da aka lura karuwa a yanayin jiki daga 37,2 zuwa 40 ° C. Damuwarsu game da wuce kima irritability, rage ci. Likitoci a mayar da martani ga iyaye mata na tashin hankali game da shi cewa shi ne na kullum, da kuma cewa rigakafi mayar da martani ga maganin haka ya kamata a kafa. Abin farin, irin abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance short duration, da kuma mahaifiyar tsaya damuwa nan da nan don bayyana na yaro.

Har ila yau, likitoci rika bayar da maganin, "Fenistil" ko wasu kwayoyi da allergies. Manya wanda yawanci yi haƙuri shi da kyau, ba tare da wani mummunan sakamakon.

Wasu mutane ba su sani ba, me ya sa ya yi irin alurar riga kafi ba tare da wani likita ta sayen magani. Ka lura da cewa wadanda suka rayu a Rasha, ta ne da kamar wuya ya zama da amfani, tun da mafi yawan mutane da suka zama lafiya tare da meningitis, samu da wannan cuta ba saboda da meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, W-135, da kuma saboda da canjawa wuri cututtuka. Suna jayayya da cewa mafi tsanani nau'i na meningitis ne meningococcal serogroup B, kuma daga gare ta zuwa kwanan akwai wani maganin.

Duk da shawara, mutane da yawa saka maganin "Menakra" kansu da 'ya'yansu. Mummunan sakamakon daga da shi ne musamman rare, amma shi kare mutum da meningococcal cututtuka cikin rayuwa. Wannan al'amari ya tabbatar da ceto dubban mutane a duniya.