Maksim Rylsky - Ukrainian Soviet mawãƙi

A farkon rabin na XX karni da aka sani ba kawai ga manyan-sikelin yaki, amma kuma da flowering na wallafe-wallafe. A duk da mutuwa da kuma devastation, marubuta, artists, composers da kasida na lokaci da muke kokarin tada a cikin zuciyar mutum calloused m ji. Daga cikin su kasance a Ukrainian mawãƙi Maksim Rylsky. Ya rayu ta hanyar biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe, juyin juya halin, yakin basasa da kuma sha wahala daga danniya. Duk da wannan, ya kasance ba kawai nagarin mutum ne, amma kuma mãdalla da mawãƙi ne.

Maksim Rylsky: Biography farkon shekaru

Haife Maksim Fadeevich Rylsky (Maxim Tadeyovich Rilsky) a kauyen Romanovka a 1895, kamar yadda evidenced da shigarwa a cikin Ikklesiya da Register. Kakanninsa suka Yaren mutanen Poland noblemen uba. Sabanin irin wannan daraja zuri'a Fadey Rylsky aure talakawa baƙauye yarinya Melania.

Bisa ga memoirs na mawãƙi kansa, da uwa tasa, kawai ilimi, tare da m so samu kwashe karanta, musamman ta kaunace aiki L. N. Tolstogo. A wannan yanayin, Melania Rylskaya bai manta da su Tushen, don haka su gidan wani yanayi na soyayya da kuma veneration na Ukrainian al'adu. Fadeya Rylskogo sahabbansa sun kasance sanannun artists na XIX karni - da mawaki Mykola Lysenko, Theatrical adadi Afanasiy Saksagansky da kuma wasu folklorists, masana tarihi da kuma ethnographers.

Saboda sosai ladabi yanayi, mawãƙi ne tun suna yara ya m game Ukrainian al'adu, harshe, da kuma ma fiye da yanayi. A matsayin ɗan mallaki gidaje, da bai sani ba game da kullum matsaloli na manoma, don haka Romanovka ya aljanna a gare shi. Ya kasance cikin soyayya da yanayin da ƙasar haihuwarmu, kuma daga farkon shekarun fara rubuta wakoki.

Firamarensa samu a gida Maksim Rylsky (a Romanovka). Da yaron ya sha uku, sai aka aika zuwa Kiev karatu a makaranta mai zaman kansa.

A farko, yaron ya zauna tare da aminin mahaifin - Nikolaya Lysenko, bayan mutuwarsa - da ethnographer Alexander Rusova.

A wannan lokacin ya aka rayayye rubutu shayari, kuma a 1910, lokacin da yaron ya shekara goma sha biyar da haihuwa, ya wallafa farko tarin lyric shayari "A bіlih tsibirin." Wannan littafin alama fitowan da wani sabon star na poetic kalma.

Rila neoclassical

A yakin duniya na farko sa'a kare yaron, da kuma bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1915, Maksim Rylsky zama likita dalibi a Jami'ar Kiev. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyu na binciken saurayi fassara tarihi-philological baiwa.

Abin baƙin ciki, don kammala karatunsu hana juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa. University of reserves a 1917, Maksim Rylsky da kuma barin Kiev, ya kõma zuwa ga 'yan qasar Romanovka, inda malamin da aka shirya. Duk da bai cika mafi girma ilimi, da mawãƙi ya ci gaba da rayayye ilmantar da kanmu. An sani cewa kai ya koya fiye da dozin harsuna, wanda ba shi damar fassara ayyukan waje mawallafa.

Duk da matsaloli, da mawãƙi bai tsaya a nan rubutu shayari. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1918 ya buga wani tarin ya waqe - "Pid osіnnіmi lõkutan asuba."

A farkon twenties na mawãƙi zama memba na adabi ƙungiya neoclassical. Neoclassicism kula ga classicism, admiring ƙarni wuce, da kuma kokarin watsi a cikin aikinsa daga latsa matsaloli. Sun bayar da hujjar cewa wani m mutum ya kamata ba dogara ne a kan halin da ake ciki siyasa, da kuma aikata bisa ga umurnin da zuciya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa nan da karshen na twenties sun kasance rayayye neoclassical "guba" a cikin latsa. Ba da da ewa yawa daga gare su, aka kuma kama da hukuncin kisa.

Ba wuce wannan kofin da Maksima Rylskogo, wanda ya riga ya rayu shekaru da dama da kuma sanar a Kiev, kazalika da gudanar da su buga da dama tarin wakoki: "Xin dalechіn", "Krіz hadari th snіg", "Trinadtsyata Spring", "Gomіn i vіdgomіn "da sauransu. Har ila yau, a wannan lokaci sai aka tsunduma a cikin Ukrainian fassarorin na ayyukan Rasha, Polish da kuma Faransa marubuta. Alal misali, a 1927, ya fassara daga Yaren mutanen Poland Mickiewicz waka "Pan Tadeusz".

A shekarar 1931 Rila aka tuhuma da kadaici da da shayari daga siyasa da aka kama.

Poetry bayan kurkuku

Kusan watanni shida yana zauna a kurkuku mawãƙi ne. A wannan lokaci, dole ne ya dawwama a yawa. Da ya tilasta ka shiga wani shaidar zur, game da sa hannu a cikin daban-daban na mãkirci. Ƙarshe da mawãƙi saki, jayayya cewa wani mutum da irin wannan basira da shi ne har yanzu amfani da jam'iyyar.

Bayan da a saki Maksim Rylsky har abada canza: da aka karya ta, shi ba zai iya taimaka amma yin tunãni a kan aikinsa. Don taimaka mawãƙi "acclimate" rayuwa bayan halakar da yawa daga cikin abokansa, Ostap Vishnya dauki shi ga wani lokaci daga Kiev zuwa rayuwa a gida. Friendly kula ta taimaka wajen mai da kuma komawa zuwa wallafe-wallafen aiki na mawãƙi da sunan Maksim Rylsky.

Ayoyi daga cikin mawãƙi zarar ya fara bayyana a cikin daban-daban wallafe. Duk da haka Rylsky iya ƙirƙirar da yardar kaina kamar dā. Domin tsira da taimakon da basira ya yi tasbĩhi a cikin "gida" jam'iyyar, shugabanninta da kuma nasarorin da suka samu. Ko da yake Maksimu Rylskomu iya wani lokacin tura zuwa buga da waqe "ga rai", suka daina yi cewa "tartsatsi", kuma ya ji gaji da takaici.

The Great Patriotic War kuma na karshe shekaru na mawãƙi

Lokacin da yakin duniya na II ya barke, Rila ya riga arba'in da ɗaya. Kuma ku yãƙi ba ya aiko. Duk da haka, a duk shekaru da na yaki, da yardar bayyana a gaban sojojin, karanta kasidu da kuma kokarin tallafawa su abi'a. Bugu da kari, da mawãƙi bayar da sirri kudi don kare asusu.

Bayan lashe Maksim Rylsky rayayye halarci da maimaitawa na Kiev.

Ta wurin ayyukan Rila fara awarding kyaututtuka da kuma bayar da daraja. Ya zama ma'abũcin Stalin, Lenin, da Jihar Prize da Tarayyar Soviet. Bugu da kari, tun karshen shekarar 1944 har mutuwar mawãƙi shugaban Cibiyar Art, almara da kuma Ethnography na Academy of Sciences da Ukraine (daga baya wannan ma'aikata ya sa da mawãƙi sunan). Bugu da kari, tun shekarar 1946, Maksim Rylsky zabe ta koli Soviet na Tarayyar Soviet.

A shekarar 1964, bayan wani dogon gwagwarmaya da cutar (a Rila da ciwon daji), da mawãƙi mutu. Ya aka binne shi a almara Baikove hurumi a Kiev.

Kan rayuwa na Rila ya buga talatin da biyar littattafan shayari, baicin manema wallafe da kuma fassara. Bayan mutuwar sa, ya buga littattafai da dama, kuma brochures game da aikinsa da kuma aiki. Daga gare su, da littafin da ɗansa Bogdan "Mandrіvka a Molodist baba." A daidai wannan lokaci za mu fara buga da mawãƙi ta tattara ayyukan. Kuma an buga shi m (Ukrainian da kuma Turanci) littafin "Vibranі haifar da" Maksima Rylskogo.

M. Rila: soyayya rayuwa

Shi ne wani mutum da a kwantar da hankula da kuma zaman lafiya, Maksim Rylsky iya nuna ƙarfin hali. Saboda haka fada cikin soyayya tare da wani kauye matar Catherine, da mawãƙi iya "akasin" shi. Yana bai hana shi kuma cewa lover ya yi girma, kuma da cewa ta riga yana da ɗa. Enamored mawãƙi aure ta, soma ta shida shekara daya dan da tashe a matsayin nasa. Daga baya, ma'auratan da wani ɗa Bogdan.

Maxim da Ekaterina Rylskie zauna tare na dogon da wuya rayuwa. Bayan rasuwar ƙaunataccen a 1958. Rila baƙin ciki, shekara shida kuma daga baya ya mutu.

A 2014, 50th tunawa da mutuwa na mawãƙi ne. Shekaru da yawa sun wuce, da kuma abin da aka rubuta ta hanyar da shi "a kan umarni na" rasa ta munasaba kuma manta a kan lokaci. Duk da haka, wadanda waqe cewa Maksim Rylsky rubuta a umurnin da zuciya, har yanzu ƙaunar da masu karatu.