Maraƙi tsokoki, da location, aiki da tsarin. A gaban da kuma mayar da kafar tsokoki kungiyoyin

Shin yana nufin ƙananan reshe. Shi ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin kafar da gwiwa yankin. Kafa ta biyu ƙananan kafa ƙasũsuwa - kananan da kuma tibial. Suna kewaye da tsoka zaruruwa daga uku bangarorin. Maraƙi tsokoki, da tankwara wanda za a tattauna daga baya, aka kore ta yatsunsu da ƙafafunsa.

tibia

Wannan kashi yana da wani tsawo a sama baki. Wannan rabo kafa condyles: kaikaice da kuma tsakiya. A saman su ne hadin gwiwa saman. Sun gudanar da hadin gwiwa tare da femoral condyle. A waje akwai wani kaikaice kashi articular surface, inda a can ne a dangane da kai na fibula. da tibial kashi jiki kama wani triangular Prism. Its tushe ne directed posteriorly, kuma yana da surface 3, bi da bi, wani na baya, m da ciki. Dake tsakanin karshe biyu baki. Ya kira gaban. A ta sama ɓangare, shi da ke shiga cikin tibial tuberosity. Wannan yankin ne aka yi nufi ga kam na agara na quadriceps cinya tsoka. A kasa na tibia yana da wani tsawo, da kuma wani protrusion ne ba a kan ciki surface. An daidaitacce zuwa ƙasa. Wannan aikin da aka kira da tsakiya malleolus. A baya gefen kashi ta'allaka da wani m mikewa da soleus tsoka. A distal epiphysis ne articular surface. Yana hidima ga dangane da talus.

Na biyu kashi

Fibula bakin ciki, tsawon, ayi laterally. Its babba karshen yana da wani thickening - kai. Yana ta haɗu da tibia. Lower kashi sashen ma thickened da kuma siffofin da kaikaice malleolus. Ta, kamar kai da fibula, an fuskantar da waje da kuma kyau detectable.

Maraƙi tsokoki: su location, aiki

A zaruruwa aka shirya a kan uku bangarorin. Bambanta daban-daban tsokoki na ƙananan kafa. Front kungiyar daukawa fitar da tsawo daga cikin kafar da yatsun kafa, a juye da adduction na ƙafa. Wannan kashi kunshi iri uku zaruruwa. A farko kafa tibialis agara tsoka na maraƙi. Sauran zaruruwa samar da extensor digitorum longus da kuma raba da yatsa a kan kafar. The raya kafa tsokoki kungiyar Forms ya fi girma yawan zaruruwa. A musamman, akwai wanzu flexor digitorum longus kuma dabam - ga babban, da cinya, triceps shin. Har ila yau, a nan karya tibial fiber. Domin waje kungiyar hada da takaice da kuma dogon peroneal tsokoki na ƙananan kafa. Wadannan zaruruwa suna folded, janye da proniruyut kafar.

tibial kashi

Wannan gaban shin tsokoki fara daga sunan kashi, da matsanancin surface daga gare ta, fascia da interosseous membrane. Suna directed zuwa ƙasa. A zaruruwa suna gudanar karkashin biyu jijiyoyin. Suna located a yankin na da idon da idon. Wadannan shafukan - manya da ƙananan retainer extensor tendons - wakilta wuraren thickening fascia da ƙafãfu da kuma ƙananan kafa. Site da aka makala na fiber ayyukan matsayin sandan-dimbin yawa tushe na yatsun kafa da kuma tsakiya (na farko) kashi. A tsoka ne da detectable a cikin dukan tsawon, musamman a mika mulki a cikin kafa. A wannan lokaci a cikin ni'imar da jijiya a lokacin tsawo. Manufar wannan shi ne maraƙi tsoka da kafar a juye.

Extensor digitorum (dogon)

Yana gudanar daga gaban tsokoki waje a saman da tibia. Fara ta zaruruwa daga shugaban da kuma gefen rabo daga cikin tibia, fascia da interosseous membrane. Extensor, motsi a kan kafar, zuwa kashi biyar tendons. Hudu ne a haɗe zuwa distal phalanx (na biyu zuwa biyar), da karshe - to tushe na 5th yatsun kafa kashi. The aiki na extensor aiki a matsayin polyarticular tsokoki na ƙananan kafa ne ba kawai don gudanar da tsawo daga cikin yatsunsu, amma kafar. Saboda daya agara da ake gyarawa a da baki, zaruruwa ne ma da dama proniruyut yankin.

Extensor digitorum longus

A zaruruwa fara a yankin na kasa na shin na interosseous membrane da kuma na ciki na da fibula. Extensors da kasa karfi fiye da segments aka bayyana a sama. Site da aka makala na distal phalanx ne a cikin yatsa. Wadannan maraƙi tsokoki ba kawai motsa jiki da tsawo, amma kuma ya daina inganta su a juye.

Flexor digitorum longus (dogon)

Yana farawa daga baya gefe na tibia, wucewa ƙõramu da tsakiya malleolus na ƙafa. Ciyar da shi da aka located a karkashin retainer (m) flexor tendons. Next, da tsoka ne zuwa kashi hudu segments. A kafar (ta tafin surface) na fiber giciye flexor agara (ido) na da babban yatsa. Sa'an nan shiga su quadratus plantae tsoka. Kafa hudu tendons ake gyarawa zuwa distal phalanx (a su tushe) 2-5 yatsunsu. Manufar wannan tsoka ne, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a lankwashewa kuma a juye kafar. Don haša agara zaruruwa square kashi. Saboda wannan, akwai wani averaging tsoka mataki. Kwance a karkashin da tsakiya malleolus da aka raba fan-dimbin yawa a cikin shugabanci na phalanges, dogon flexor da tsokani wani rage daga cikin yatsunsu zuwa tsakiyar surface na jiki. Saboda jinkirtawa square tsoka agara, wannan mataki ne mai kadan karami.

Triceps surae

Yana wuce ta raya surface kuma yana da wani shugaban 3. Biyu na waje rabo kafa - gastrocnemius tsoka daga uku - zurfin - soleus tashi fiber kashi. Duk da shugabannin suna da alaka da nunawa na kowa Achilles (Achilles) agara. An haɗe zuwa Dutsen daidai ƙasũsuwa. Maraƙi fara a kan femoral condyles: kaikaice da kuma tsakiya. Matsala shugabannin biyu shirya a wannan yanki ne ninki biyu. Sun tsara da lankwashewa da gwiwa kuma kafa - idon. Tsakiya kashi saukar kadan m, kuma mafi alhẽri ci gaba fiye da a kaikaice. Daga baya gefe a sama na uku na tibia motsa soleus tsoka. Haka kuma an haɗe zuwa tendinous baka, located tsakanin ƙasũsuwa. A zaruruwa ne dan kadan m da kuma zurfi maraƙi. Sai suka kwanta bayan da subtalar da idon gidajen abinci da kuma haifar da juyawan kafar. Triceps za a iya ji a karkashin fata. A gangara axis na idon posteriorly abubuwa Achilles jijiya. Tare da wannan triceps wannan layin yana da wani gwada manyan karfin juyi. sural bit kashi da hannu a cikin samuwar lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa popliteal fossa. Kamar yadda iyakokinta ne: femoral biceps tsoka (a ciki da kuma a sama), semimembranosus zaruruwa (ciki da kuma a sama), da kuma shugabannin kasashen biyu da tafin sural kashi (kasa). A duhun rĩjiya kafa a cikin hadin gwiwa kwantena na gwiwa kuma femur. Ta hanyar wannan rabo karya tasoshin da kuma jijiyoyi samar da kafar da kuma shin.

Bender (dogon) thumb

Domin wannan tsoka baya na kafa halin da mafi girma da karfi. A cikin tafin gefe na kafar zaruruwa karya tsakanin shugabannin takaice kashi ne alhakin lankwasawa da yatsa. Muscle fara daga baya gefe (kasa) da fibula da intermuscular septum (raya). A kayyade rabo tafin surface daga cikin tushe na distal phalanx a yatsa. Saboda partially agara ta shiga tsoka cell mai taken dogon flexor, shi yana da wasu tasiri a kan motsi na yatsunsu 2-3. A gaban a farfajiya na tafin kafa metatarsophalangeal hadin gwiwa 2 manyan sesamoid kashi abubuwa samar ya karu rotational karfin juyi zaruruwa. A kashi ayyuka sun hada da lankwasawa da dukan sawun da kuma babban kafana.

Biyu kashi tibial zaruruwa

Wannan raya kashi tana wurinta karkashin triceps tsoka. A zaruruwa fara daga interosseous membrane da rabo kananan da kuma tibia m. Site da aka makala na da tsoka ne navicular tubercle, tushe na yatsun kafa da kuma duk sandan abubuwa. Muscle ta'allaka ƙõramu da tsakiya malleolus, kuma ya aikata aikin lankwasawa kafar a juye da simintin. Tsakanin soleus da tibial tashar zaruruwa wuce. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na Ramin. Akwai jijiyoyi da jini.

popliteal kashi

Its planar form short zaruruwa. A tsoka ne kai tsaye dab da gwiwa hadin gwiwa daga baya. Zaruruwa fara femoral condyle (a kaikaice) kasa sural kashi da kuma jaka gwiwa hadin gwiwa. Wuce su saukar da a haɗe sama da soleus tsoka ga tibia. Tun da fiber aka partially Hadin Gwiwa kwantena, yayin da suka retard ta lankwashewa posteriorly. Muscle aiki - Juyawan kafar zuwa kasa da kuma lankwashewa na ƙananan kafa.

Long peroneal kashi

Wannan tsoka ne daban-daban feathery tsarin. Yana gudanar tare da surface da fibula. An fara daga ta kai, tibial condyle kashi, kashi na fascia. Haka kuma an haɗe zuwa yankin 2-uku na m gefen fibula. Lokacin da tsoka ƙanƙancewa auku sata, lankwashewa kuma Juyawan kafar zuwa kasa da kafar. A agara na dogon fibular kashi a baya da kuma a kasa ya wuce a kaikaice idon. A fannin diddige kashi ba jijiya - retainer saman da kasa. A cikin miƙa mulki ga tafin gefe na kafar, agara gudanar tare da kwarin kunya. An located a kan underside na cuboid. Muscle zo da ciki na ƙafa.

Short zaruruwa peroneal

Agara kashi na kewaye da baya da kuma kasa daga cikin kaikaice malleolus. An haɗe zuwa hump a kan 5 yatsun kafa. Ya fara da wani sashi na intermuscular Septa da m ɓangare na fibula. Matsalar fiber - sata, lankwashewa kuma Juyawan kafar zuwa kasa da kafar.