Mene ne mastoid matakai na boko ƙasũsuwa. A wasu lokuta, ya yi trepanation na mastoid

Mastoiditis - wata cuta da fuskantar da mutane da yawa. Amma ba kowa ya san cewa shi ne mai mastoid, da kuma inda suke. Mene ne tsarin da wannan ɓangare na boko kashi? Ta yaya kawo hadari ne kumburi wadannan Tsarin, da kuma abin da za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar cuta? Wadannan su ne tambayoyin da yawa mutane suna sha'awar.

Ina mastoid matakai?

Mastoid ne ƙananan ɓangare na da na boko kashi. Idan muka magana game da wurinta, shi ne a kasa da kuma raya na babban ɓangare na ragargaje.

Tsari kanta tana cikin siffar wani mazugi, tushe na wanda ke kan iyaka da yankin a kusa da tsakiyar girman kwanyar fossa. A saman kunya ta sauka - akwai ana gyarawa wasu tsokoki, musamman sternocleidomastoid tsoka. A tushe aka kẽwayesu da wani m mazugi kwakwalwa harsashi (wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa dauke da kwayar cutar kumburi daga cikin rabo sai m, saboda pathogens iya shiga kai tsaye a cikin m nama).

A subcutaneous nama, wanda yake rufe da wani ɓangare na boko kashi, ne Lymph nodes da kwanoni, jijiya da kuma BTE Vienna. A nan ne rassan kananan da manyan kunne jijiyoyi.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa mastoid iya samun daban-daban siffar. Wasu mutane ne dogon kunkuntar warping, wasu - takaice, amma tare da wani m tushe. Wannan ilimin Halittar Jiki fasalin dogara sun fi mayar a kan kwayoyin gado.

A tsarin da mastoid

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, wannan ɓangare na boko kashi ne dimbin yawa kamar mazugi. A zamani haltta yanke shawarar ware da ake kira alwatika Shipo, wanda aka located a cikin agara ɓangare na tsari. Rear alwatika a daure mastoid scallop, kuma ta gaban iyaka kara a raya rabo daga waje auditory canal.

A ciki tsarin aiwatar da ɗan kama da wani porous soso, tun da akwai wani jam'i na m Kwayoyin wadda ne, bãbu wasu fiye da pneumatic appendages tympanum. Yawan da size da irin wannan Kwayoyin iya zama daban-daban da kuma dogara a kan halaye da girma da kuma ci gaban da kwayoyin (msl, kunne kamuwa da cuta a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da ya fita da alama a kan tsarin da mastoid).

A Shipo yankin na alwatika shi ne mafi girma cell, da ake kira antrum ko kogon. Wannan tsarin yana kafa saboda rufe hulda da tympanic rami kuma shi ne halin yanzu a kowane mutum (kamar yadda tsayayya wa karami Kwayoyin, wanda adadin su iya bambanta).

Nau'in mastoid

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, a boko kashi mastoid iya samun daban-daban ciki tsari. A shekara ta fari ta wata baby ta rayuwa shi ne samuwar na antrum. Har zuwa shekara uku akwai wani aiki aiwatar pneumatization ciki kyallen takarda, wadda yana tare da bayyanar da m Kwayoyin. Af, wannan tsari yana cikin rayuwar mutum. Dangane da lambar kuma girman da cavities ne m rarrabe dama iri tsarin:

• Pneumatic mastoid matakai halin da samuwar manyan Kwayoyin cewa cika dukan ciki na kashi tsarin.
• Lokacin da ka rubuta a ciki da sclerotic aiwatar kusan babu Kwayoyin.
• A diploeticheskom mastoid ne kananan Kwayoyin dake dauke da karamin adadin bargo.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi likitoci sami burbushi na wani gauraye samuwar cavities a wannan ɓangare na boko kashi. Sa'an nan, shi duk ya dogara da kwayoyin halaye da kwayoyin, da taki na ci gaba, kazalika da gaban raunin da kumburi cututtuka a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da samartaka.

Kumburi da mastoid tsari da kuma ta haddasawa

A cuta a cikin abin da kumburi da kyallen takarda daga cikin mastoid tsari, kira mastoiditis kiyaye. Mafi na kowa hanyar shi ne kamuwa da cuta da pathogenic microorganisms iya shiga cikin wannan yankin na kwanyar a hanyoyi daban-daban.

Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan cuta tasowa a kan bango na otitis. Kamuwa kuskure da mastoid tsari na boko kashi na tympanic rami ko auditory meatus. A wasu lokuta, da kumburi tasowa a nan da nan rauni daga cikin kwanyar a cikin Haikali, da kuma kunne. A tushen kamuwa da cuta iya zama kumbura Lymph nodes, located a yankin. Yawa m iya haifar da cuta shi ne wani tsari kamuwa da jini.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka na kumburi

Key siffofin na mastoiditis sun fi mayar dogara ne a kan mai tsanani da kuma mataki na cutar. Alal misali, a rarrabe tsakanin kumburi da mastoid aiwatar da talakawa otitis kafofin watsa labarai ne da wuya sosai a matakin farko.

Marasa lafiya koka kaifi, harbi zafi a cikin kunne. Akwai zazzabi, gajiya da jiki aches, ciwon kai. Akwai sallama daga kunnen canal.

A cikin rashi na far ko kasa magani (msl, kuma m ƙarshe samun maganin rigakafi) na asibiti hoto canje-canje. Mastoid kunne a hankali cika da ruɓaɓɓen jini da kuma matsa halakar da kashi partitions a tsakanin sel. Fata da kuma subcutaneous nama na da kunne ƙara da redden, zama da wuya, zafi ga tabawa. Kunnen zafi zama fi karfi, da kuma daga cikin kunne canal tsaya m surkin jini taro.

Kumburi da mastoid cavities iya yada karkashin periosteum - ruɓaɓɓen jini riga tara a subcutaneous nama Layer. Popular sau da yawa, an ƙurji ruptures da kansa, tare da sakamakon cewa fata Forms fitsari.

Ta yaya hatsari shi zai iya zama wata cuta? Mafi na kowa rikitarwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi ne mastoid kashi baya da kunne da aka kẽwayesu da muhimmanci gabobin. Saboda haka, rashin dace magani ne fraught tare da m sakamakon. Idan da mayar da hankali karya a cikin rami na tsakiya da kuma can cikin kunne tasowa labyrinthitis. Kumburi can cikin kunne tare da tinnitus, ji asarar da kuma auna sashin jiki rauni da take kaiwa zuwa rushewa daga mota daidaituwa.

Mastoid iyaka da m kwakwalwa membranes. Kamuwa da cuta iya yada wa m nama, wadda take kaiwa zuwa cin gaban meningitis, encephalitis, da kuma wani lokacin abscesses.

Shigar azzakari cikin farji ne m cututtuka a tasoshin da suke da alhakin cerebral wurare dabam dabam - shi ne ba kawai fraught tare da kumburi jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar amma kuma samuwar thrombus, toshewa na jijiya da kuma ko da m.

Matsalolin iya hada mastoiditis da kuma gyara man fuska jijiya lalacewa. Bayan da mastoid kashi baya da kunnuwa ne sosai a kusa da jijiya zaruruwa.

Yadda za mu bi mastoiditis?

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, mastoiditis - mai matukar hatsari cutar, don haka isasshen far ne cikakken zama dole. Da wani bata lokaci yunkurin kai na iya haifar taro m rikitarwa.

Yawancin lokaci, magani ne da za'ayi a wani asibiti, inda wani likita da ya ci gaba da saka idanu haƙuri da yanayin. Marasa lafiya wajabta igiyar jini maganin rigakafi don taimakawa wajen yaki da kwayan kamuwa da cuta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne wajibi ne don haifar da yanayi na free karbo daga surkin jini talakawa na auditory meatus.

Lokacin da ake bukata trepanation na mastoid tsari?

Abin baƙin ciki, ra'ayin mazan jiya magani ne tasiri ne kawai a matakin farko na mastoiditis. Idan ruɓaɓɓen jini ya fara tara a cikin cavities na ƙananan ɓangare na boko kashi, tiyata zama dole. Trepanation mastoid kashi fara da bude aiwatar da bango. Sa'an nan Likita yin amfani da kayan aikin wanke yadudduka na mugunya, tafiyar matakai su antiseptic da antibacterial mafita. Sa'an nan kuma saita musamman magudanun ruwa tsarin, wanda ya samar da wani sauki, kuma m kau na precipitates, kuma Topical gwamnati na maganin rigakafi.