Anatomy: humerus. A tsarin da humerus

Don yi da ayyuka na tallafi, motsi da kuma kariya a jikin mu yana da wani tsarin da ya hada da kasũsuwa, ashe, tsokoki, tendons da jijiyoyin sun hadu. Duk da sassa girma da kuma ci gaba a kusa da hadin gwiwa. Sifa da kaddarorin da aka yi karatu kimiyya ilmin jikin mutum. A humerus ne wani ɓangare na free babba reshe, kuma tare da ƙasusuwan hannu da dantse da kuma na sama reshe abin ɗamara - clavicle da scapula - samar da wani nagartaccen inji ƙungiyoyi na hannun mutum. A cikin wannan takarda, an misali na humerus, mun yi nazarin a daki-daki, da ka'idodin aiki na musculoskeletal tsarin da kuma gano yadda aka alaka da tsarin da ayyuka yi.

Features tubular ƙasũsuwa

Triangular ko cylindrical siffar ne halayyar ga gyara na kwarangwal - dogon ƙasũsuwa da cewa suna da daraja abubuwa kamar epiphysis (kashi gefuna) da kuma ta jiki (diaphysis). Uku yadudduka - da periosteum, kashi kanta da kuma endoost - wani bangare ne na diaphysis na humerus. free babba reshe haltta yanzu fairly da karatu. An sani cewa epiphyses dauki kashi cancellous kashi, alhãli kuwa da tsakiyar sashen wakilta lamellae. Sai suka samar da wani m abu. Wannan irin da dogon tubular ƙasũsuwa: kafada, gwiwar hannu, hip. Tiyata da humerus, wanda aka bayar a kasa da photo nuna cewa da siffar mafi kyau ya fi dacewa da samuwar mahadi daga cikin m bel da ƙasusuwan da babba extremities da kuma hannu da dantse.

Ta yaya ne dogon ƙasũsuwa

A lokacin da amfrayo ci gaban da humerus tare da dukan kwarangwal an kafa daga tsakiyar jam Layer - mesodam. A farkon na biyar mako na ciki, da tayin yana mesenchymal segments kira alamomin. Suna girma a tsawon kuma dauki kamannin tubular ƙashi na daga kafada, wanda ossification ya ci gaba bayan haihuwa. A saman humerus aka rufe da periosteum. Wannan bakin ciki harsashi kunshi connective nama da kuma ciwon branched cibiyar sadarwa na jini da kuma jijiya endings cewa yin ainihin kashi da kuma samar da iko da innervation. An located tare da dukan tsawon na tubular ƙasũsuwa da siffofin da farko Layer na diaphysis. Kamar yadda kafa kimiyya Anatomy, humerus, an rufe shi da periosteum ƙunshi na roba fiber gina jiki - collagen, kazalika da musamman Kwayoyin kira osteoblasts da osteoclasts. Su suna harhada a kusa da wani tsakiyar Haversian canal. Tare da shekaru, yanã mai cike da rawaya bargo.

Kai-waraka, gyara da kuma ci gaban a kauri daga cikin tubular ƙasũsuwa a cikin mutum kwarangwal ne da za'ayi ta hanyar da periosteum. Specific haltta na humerus a tsakiyar diaphysis. Yana yana da wani Bumpy surface to wanda aka a haɗe a surface deltoid. Tare da bel na babba wata gabar jiki da kafada da kuma hannu da dantse ƙasũsuwa da shi na samar da wani dagawa da kuma karyata da gwiwar hannu da hannu up da kuma mayar a gaban shi.

Ma'ana epiphysis na dogon ƙasũsuwa

A ƙarshen tubular ƙasusuwan da kafada da ake kira epiphysis dauke da jan bargo da kuma kunshi spongy abu. Its Kwayoyin nuna jini Kwayoyin - ja jini Kwayoyin da platelets. Epiphyses an rufe tare da periosteum, da fitar kasusuwan jikinsu faranti da igiyoyinsu kira trabeculae. Suna shirya a wani kwana da juna da kuma dokoki da ciki core a cikin nau'i na cavities Systems da kuma cika hematopoietic nama. Yadda za a ayyana Anatomy, tsarin da humerus kashi a cikin gidajen abinci na ta da shebur da ƙashi na hannu da dantse wajen hadaddun. A articular surface na humerus da proximal da distal iyakar. Kashi shugaban yana da wani convex surface rufi da hyaline guringuntsi, kuma ya shiga cikin kogo na ruwa. Special guringuntsi samuwar scapular ciki - articular lebe - hidima a matsayin buga absorber, softening da naushe da concussions a lokacin kafada motsi. A kwantena na kafada hadin gwiwa tare da daya karshen a haɗe zuwa ruwa, da kuma sauran - ga shugaban na humerus, nitsewa a wuyanta. Yana stabilizes dangane da kafada abin ɗamara da kuma na sama reshe free.

Features na kafada da gwiwar hannu gidajen abinci

Kamar yadda kafa da mutum ilmin jikin mutum, da humerus ne wani ɓangare na ba kawai da mai siffar zobe kafada hadin gwiwa, amma wani - wani hadadden gwiwar hannu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kafada hadin gwiwa ne mafi mobile a cikin jikin mutum. Wannan shi ne m, saboda hannun shi ne babban makami na aiki yadda ake gudanar, da kuma ta tafi-da-gidanka da ake dangantawa da karbuwa ga tafiya a mike kuma saki su shiga a cikin motsi.

A gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa da aka hada da uku daban mahadi hade kowa articular kwantena. Distal humerus haɗu da ulna, forming ginglymoid hadin gwiwa. Lokaci guda condyle na humerus shugaban shiga cikin rami na proximal karshen radius, forming brachioradialis m connection.

Ƙarin kafada tsarin

Ilimin halittar jiki daidai da humerus hada da manyan da kananan apophyses - bumps, wanda ya tafi daga ridges. Kuma sunã bautã wa a matsayin abin da aka makala na da kafada tsokoki. Akwai kuma wani tsagi hidima a matsayin wurin zama na biceps agara. A kan iyakar da jikin kashi diaphysis, kasa apophysis, shi ne wani m wuyansa. Shi ne mafi m, a traumatic raunin da kafada - dislocations kuma samu karaya. ƙasũsuwa a tsakiyar jiki ne m rabo ga wanda aka a haɗe da deltoid tsoka, da bãya gare shi - kwarin kunya karkace siffar, wanda aka nutsa radial jijiya. A kan iyakar epiphyseal da diaphyseal rabo ya ta'allaka ne, hanzari rarraba Kwayoyin cewa sa ci gaban da humerus a tsawon.

Dysfunctions na humerus

Mafi na kowa rauni ne a kafada karaya idan kika aika ko wani karfi inji buga. Dalilin ta'allaka ne da cewa da hadin gwiwa ba shi da wadannan tabbatar da dorewar jijiyoyin da tsoka kawai corset bel babba wata gabar jiki da kuma karin m, da ciwon nau'i na collagen fibrils masaƙa. taushi nama raunuka ne quite na kowa kafada hadin gwiwa, kamar tendinitis da capsulitis. A cikin farko idan ta zama lalace supraspinatus agara, infraspinatus, zagaye kananan tsokoki. Wani cuta na faruwa a sakamakon kumburi a kafada hadin gwiwa kwantena.

Pathology rami tare da jin zafi a hannu da kafada, iyakance da motsi na da kafada hadin gwiwa a lokacin da dagawa hannuwa sama a baya su ma'aikata sanya a hannunsa. Duk wadannan cututtuka da cika fuska rage aiki, kuma jiki aiki.

A cikin wannan takarda, mun yi nazarin ilmin jikin mutum na humerus kuma same ta dangane da ayyuka yi.