Non-membrane wasu gabbansa: sifa da aiki

Duk da Kwayoyin na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta suna sanya up na jini membrane, tsakiya da kuma cytoplasm. A karshe ne da wasu gabbansa da inclusions. Wasu gabbansa - wani m samuwar a cikin cell, kowanne daga abin da ya yi aikin takamaiman ayyuka. Inclusions - wucin gadi Tsarin cewa kunshi yafi na glycogen a dabbobi da sitaci a tsire-tsire. Sun yi a madadin aiki. Inclusions na iya zama duka a cikin cytoplasm kuma a cikin matrix na mutum da wasu gabbansa kamar chloroplast.

rarrabuwa da wasu gabbansa

Dangane da tsarin, sun kasu kashi biyu manyan kungiyoyin. A cytology saki membrane da kuma wadanda ba membrane wasu gabbansa. A farko za a iya raba biyu subgroups: odnomembrannye da dvumembrannye.

By odnomembrannym wasu gabbansa hada da endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum), Golgi na'ura, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, melanosomes.

By dvumembrannym ranked kamar yadda wasu gabbansa mitochondria da plastids (chloroplast, chromoplasts, leucoplasts). Bã su da wani fasali mai rikitarwa, kuma ba kawai saboda kasancewar biyu membranes. Abun da ke ciki kuma iya zama ba a kuma ko da dukan wasu gabbansa da DNA. Alal misali, a cikin matrix na mitochondria da ribosomes iya lura mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Ga wadanda ba membrane wasu gabbansa hada ribosomes, da cell cibiyar (centriole), microtubules da microfilaments.

Non-membrane wasu gabbansa: aiki

Ribosomes ake bukata don haduwa gina jiki. Su ke da alhakin fassara tsari, watau, deciphering da bayanai da ke kan Manzo RNA, da kuma samuwar na polypeptide sarƙoƙi da mutum amino acid.

Cell cibiyar da aka hannu a cikin samuwar mitotic dogara sanda. An samar a cikin aiwatar da meiosis da mitosis.

Irin wannan ba-membrane wasu gabbansa kamar yadda microtubule cytoskeleton aka kafa. Shi aikin tsarin da kuma kai ayyuka. A surface na microtubules iya matsawa kamar yadda raba abubuwa, kuma dukan wasu gabbansa, kamar mitochondria. kai aiwatar faruwa ta amfani da musamman sunadarai kira motor. Microtubule shirya cibiyar ne centriole.

Microfilaments iya shiga a cikin tsari na canza cell siffar, kazalika da bukatar matsawa wasu guda-celled kwayoyin kamar amoeba. Bugu da ƙari, wanda zai iya samar da wata dama Tsarin wanda ayyuka ba su cikakken gane.

tsarin

Kamar yadda sunan wanann, wadanda ba membrane da wasu gabbansa da membranes tsarin. Suna hada da sunadarai. Wasu daga cikin su ma dauke da nucleic acid.

A tsarin da ribosome

Wadannan ba membrane da wasu gabbansa da ake samu a kan ganuwar da endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosome yana da wani mai siffar zobe siffar, da diamita ne 100-200 Angstroms. Wadannan ba membrane wasu gabbansa kunshi sassa biyu (subunits) - ƙanana da manyan. Lokacin da ribosome bai yi aiki ba, suka raba. Don su a hade, a hankali gaban magnesium ko alli ions a cikin cytoplasm.

Wani lokaci, a cikin kira na manyan kwayoyin ribosomal gina jiki za a iya hada cikin kungiyoyin kira polyribosomes ko polysomes. Yawan ribosomes a su iya bambanta daga 4-5 ga 70-80, dangane da girman da wani sunadari cewa an hada da su.

Ribosomes kunshi sunadaran da rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid), da kuma ruwa kwayoyin da karfe ions (alli, ko magnesium).

A tsarin da cell cibiyar

A eukaryotes, wadannan ba membrane wasu gabbansa an hada da sassa biyu, da ake kira centrosomes, kuma tsentrosfery - m yankunan cytoplasm cewa kewaye da centrioles. Ba kamar da yanayin da ribosomes da wannan organelle ne yawanci garwaya. Saita na biyu centrosomes kira diplosome.

Kowane centrosome kunshi microtubules cewa an juya a cikin wani cylindrical siffar.

A tsarin da microfilaments da microtubules

A farko kunshi actin da sauran contractile sunadaran kamar myosin, tropomyosin da sauransu.

Microtubules ne dogon cylinders, komai a ciki, wadda girma daga centrioles zuwa gefuna da cell. Su diamita - 25 nm, da kuma tsawon na iya zama daga dama nanometers zuwa dama millimeters dangane da size da kuma ayyuka na wani cell. Wadannan ba membrane wasu gabbansa an hada da farko na gina jiki tubulin.

Microtubules ne m wasu gabbansa suna kullum da ake canza. Sun lura da-karshen da wani mummunan karshen. A farko har abada dora kanta ga tubulin DNA, da kuma daga cikin biyu suna kullum cleaved.

Samuwar maras membrane wasu gabbansa

Alhakin da samuwar da ribosome nucleolus. Shi ne da samuwar ribosomal RNA, tsarin da aka sauya ta ribosomal DNA dake a takamaiman chromosomal yankuna. A sunadaran da cewa yin up wadannan da wasu gabbansa suna hada a cytoplasm. Sa'an nan, suna hawa zuwa endosome, inda shi a hade tare da ribosomal RNA, forming kananan da manyan subunit. Sai shirye da wasu gabbansa matsawa zuwa cytoplasm, sa'an nan a kan garun m endoplasmic reticulum.

Cell cibiyar ne ba a cikin cell tun da aka kafa ta. An kafa ta rarraba uwa cell.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda a ƙarshe, mun gabatar da wani summary tebur.

Saboda haka yanzu ka san duk game da ba-membrane wasu gabbansa, waxanda suke da samuwa biyu a shuka da kuma a cikin dabba da fungal Kwayoyin.