Matafiyi Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin: samu da taimako ga ci gaban labarin kasa

Moskvitin Ivan Yuryevich - sanannen Rasha Explorer kuma matafiyi, wanda ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga nazarin sabon asashe. Kuma a yau, da yawa Rasha zukatan so in sani more daki-daki game da wanda ya Ivan Moskvitin. Na bude? Gudunmawar yi wa ci gaban da Rasha ƙasar?

A account na wannan jarumi, wanda ya ba ji tsoron fuskantar matsananci yanayin damina da Arewa, mummunan yanayi, da yunwa, da da rashin jituwa da mazauna yankunan, da bude daga cikin Tekun Okhotsk, Far East da kuma Sakhalin Island.

Wasu bayanai game da Ivan Moskvitin

Da yake ina da 'yan qasar na Moscow, Moskvitin Ivan Yurevich, shekaru na rayuwa wanda aka daidai da aka sani, ya fara bauta wa kamar yadda mai zaman kansa a cikin Tomsk Cossack kurkuku. A 1636, da detachment jagorancin Ataman Kopylova Dmitriya Epifanovicha tafi daga Tomsk zuwa Yakutsk ga Jawo da dumi teku search, kasancewar wanda akwai m jita-jita. A 1637, da balaguro kai Yakutsk, a cikin bazara na 1638, Dmitry Epifanovich Moskvitina outfitted tare da shi talatin daga cikin Cossacks ci gaba da neman teku da sabon yankuna.

Mikawa sauko daga kogin Lena zuwa Aldana (dama tributary Lena River) da kuma makonni biyar a wuya yanayi a kan dogayen sanda da kuma da igiya da yistin.

A farkon na balaguro

A watan Mayu, wani sabon balaguro da nufin a search for adibas aka sanye take a 1639 (saboda da rashin azurfa a jihar) da kuma sabon, yadda duk da haka unexplored yankuna. Taimaka talatin Cossacks jagorancin Moskvitin a irin wannan muhimmanci tafiya Evens - Siberian al'ummai, wanda ya san da kyau zuwa Master da ƙasa.

Member na balaguro ya Kolobov Nekhoroshkov Ivanovich - Yakut Cossack, wanda ya gabatar a 1646 "Skaskiv" (mafi muhimmanci daftarin aiki na lokaci) game da nasa sabis a naúrar Moskvitina. Har ila yau, akwai shaida na hannu a cikin balaguro Pure Tsaba Petrovich - fassara (fassara). Kari dade game da shida makonni, da wanda kwana takwas explorers gangara zuwa bakin Aldan Mai. Mene ne matsaloli ci karo da jarumi explorers? Wanne teku zo Ivan Moskvitin?

Game da tazarar kilomita 200 daga cikin kogin Mae balaguro Ivan Moskvitina ya kan lebur kasa katakon ninkaya, haƙĩƙa, sun shige bakin Yudoma River ne mai tributary Mai. Akwai, matafiya ya gina biyu kayaks don samun up a cikin kwanaki shida Madogararsa na kogin. Easy da kuma gajeren izinin fadin kunya Dzhugdzhur (bude da su) rabu da Lena River daga ƙõramu sunã gudãna zuwa cikin teku.

Ivan Moskvitin: hanya zuwa cikin teku

A cikin manya kai na cikin kogin amya, abu don bude teku, matafiya gina wani sabon jirgin sama. Domin kwana takwas, suka tafi da shi zuwa ga waterfalls, kasancewar abin da aka yi musu gargaɗi da conductors. A nan, da jirgin ya bar sake, kewaye da m yanki a gefen hagu da kuma gina wani sabon abin hawa da zai iya saukar da ashirin ko talatin mutane. A hanya, da Cossacks aka ciyar da ta zo hannunka: Tushen, da itatuwa, da ciyawan da kuma samar a cikin kifi tafkunan.

A lokacin rani marigayi 1639 Moskvitin Ivan Yurevich, wanda binciken sun sanya wani invaluable taimako ga tarihi na Rasha jihar, saki karo na farko a cikin "Lamsky Sea" (daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin Tekun Okhotsk). Cossacks, sun shige ta ba a sani ba ƙasa hanya, tare da Tashoshi dauki fiye da watanni biyu. Saboda haka, na farko daga cikin Rasha sun gano kasancewar Tekun Okhotsk.

A cikin gwagwarmayar da matsaloli

Houllier a kan kogin, inda dangi zaune Evenki, Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin, wanda biography ne na gaske moriya daga geographers, shiga gida, wanda ya zama na farko Rasha yarjejeniya a kan Pacific Coast. Daga cikin gida yawan, ya koya sabon bayani game da densely lugar kogin a arewa da kuma, ba tare da jiran isowa daga spring, ya aika zuwa "kogin jirgin ruwan, shi kadai," wani rukuni na jarumi Cossacks, kunsha na ashirin da mutane a farkon zamanin Oktoba.

A cikin kwanaki uku na Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin jagoranci balaguro kai Hunt River, akwai teku kara zuwa gabas da kuma ta hanyar karanta fiye da kilomita 500 daga arewacin tekun na Okhotsk Sea, gano bakin dama kananan marẽmari da kuma bude Tauiskaya lebe. Kari zuwa m kadan jirgin ruwan tabbatar da gaggawa na yi na marine Koch - jirgin, a kan abin da kyautata yi aiki daga baya fiye da daya tsara na explorers. Its main amfani ne da sassauci da kuma damar iya iyo a karye kankara. Winter 1639-1640 shekaru ya zama muhimmi ga Rasha Kasa Society: a bakin kogin amya kama asalin labarin na Rasha Pacific jiragen ruwa. Zemleotkryvateli gina 2 karfi semnadtsatimetrovyh Koch masts sa shi yiwuwa a tafiya a kan teku.

Bayani a kan Amur River da kuma yawan da suke zaune a ta bakin

A watan Nuwamba, 1639 da kuma Afrilu 1640 na Cossacks mayar da wani harin da biyu da mahara (600 da 900) Evens kungiyoyin. Daga cikin fursuna Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin ziyarar Mamour River (Amur), sunã gudãna a kudancin. A bakinsa rayuwa "Gilyaks masu zama a gida" (zaunar Nivkhs). Tare da farko na bazara 1640 da Cossacks shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa kudu, shan fursuna a matsayin shugaba.

Explorers rinjãya a kusan dukkan duwatsu gabar yammacin tekun Okhotsk, ziyarci bakin cikin Uda River (inda suka samu sabon bayani game da Amur aikin gandu, maelstrom da Chiyo da kuma mutanen da suke zaune a can), bayan ya doke a kan kudancin gefen tsibirin Shantarsky, sa'an nan suka shiga Gulf of Sakhalin. A cikin yankin na shugaba ya ~ ace, da kuma Cossacks koma kan, zo zuwa tsibirin (watakila shi ne wani karamin tsibirin a ƙofar da Amur estuary a gefen arewa). Juya baya balaguro tilasta share fage samfurin inventories da kuma rashin iyawa kafin su sami abincin.

High daraja abin yabo majagaba hukumomi

M kaka yanayin bai ba da yiwuwar samun zuwa gidan kudan zuma, da kuma explorers a watan Nuwamba ya tsaya a Winterland a Aldoma bakin kogin, kilomita 300 kudu da amya. A cikin bazara na 1641, kuma ya haye kunya Dzhugdzhur, Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin tafi Mayu da kuma kai Yakutsk da coveted ganima, a tsakiyar watan Yuli: mai yawa sables. Saboda Moskvitin Rasha taskar da aka wadãtar da 440 Sable konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, wanda a 1642 aka dauka zuwa babban birnin kasar Buzoy Elisha - explorers da farko Manzonku, wanda sanar Moscow game da shigar da Tekun Okhotsk Rasha mutane. Yakut hukuma yaba da nasarorin da explorers: bayar da kowane ruble da zane samar a cikin wannan Moskvitina Pentecostals. Moskvitina mutane a kan tekun na Tekun Okhotsk rayu kimanin shekaru biyu. A newfound baki wurare sun kifi, babban kifi - don haka shi bai taba saduwa.

Invaluable taimako ga ci gaban Rasha asashe

Yau 'yan mutane san abin da ya Ivan Moskvitin. Wannan ya bude wannan m Explorer. Kuma yadda kokarin kudin shi?

Kari Moskvitina Ivan ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi iko events a cikin tarihi na Rasha Gwargwadon da kuma bayar da wata damar tantance haddi a cikin Rasha ƙasar. Aka gano Tekun Okhotsk, shi ya ci nasara dubu biyu kilomita ƙirin. Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin farko ga Uda lebe da kuma Shantarsky tsibirin, bude hanya ga manyan yawan Rasha explorers. Ga ci gaban da Far East Moskvitin ya yanke shawarar aika wani babban rukuni na Cossacks (ba kasa da dubu persons), da dakunan da kuma dauke da makamai. A bayanin da aka tattara ta Ivan Moskvitin aka yi amfani a watan Maris 1642 Ivanov Kurbat don samar da farko taswirar Far East.

A farkon!

Abin mamaki shi ne mutumin Ivan Moskvitin. Game da sirri rai da kuma mutuwar fiye da ba a sani ba, fãce abin da ya ziyarci babban birnin biranen Rasha da kuma koma a lokacin rani na 1647 da daraja na Cossack jigo a ƙasarsa ta Tomsk. Shi ne da godiya ga shi wanda ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga tarihin Rasha, yana yiwuwa a gabatar da wani karin idon basira iyakoki da sararin ƙasa. Wannan balaguro jagorancin Ivan Moskvitina - soma arewacin ƙasashe - aza harsashin ginin a nazarin Far East da kuma sauran nasarori Gwargwadon binciken.