"Paks" - nukiliya ikon shuka a Hungary (Photo)

Energy tsaro na wani iko na samar da wanda bai yankẽwa kuma abin dogara aiki na daban-daban ikon shuke-shuke. Data abubuwa ja hankalin masu ba kawai na musamman fasaha ma'aikata, amma kuma kasar ta saman shugabanni, saboda al'ada aiki na lantarki da makamashi dogara a kan duka tattalin arziki da zamantakewa matakin na ci gaban jihar, kazalika da ta amince zama. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba a "Paks" - nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke located in Hungary.

janar bayanai

Da farko tabbata a lura da cewa wannan tashar ne kawai wanda har yanzu aiki a kan Magyar ƙasar. "Paks" (NPP) cire daga babban birnin kasar, 100 kilomita, da kuma kawai 5 km daga eponymous gari, tare da wani yawan game da mutum dubu ashirin da mutane. A masana'antu giant aka tsara ta Soviet injiniyoyi, da dukan halin yanzu aiki reactors ne gaba daya wannan irin - VVER-440.

tarihi bayanai

"Paks" (NPP) Yana fara da "rayuwa" a cikin riga quite m daga gare mu Agusta 1974. Wannan lokacin da magina fara yi na rukunin farko, wanda ya hada da biyu ikon raka'a. Bayan shekaru tara - a watan Oktoba 1983 - na farko naúrar da aka kaddamar, da kuma a shekara daga baya ya tashi da kuma na biyu block.

Yi na mataki na biyu ya fara a shekarar 1979, kuma a shekarar 1986 aka sa a cikin aiki naúrar yawan uku. Nuwamba 1987 gan dangane da naúrar yawan 4.

A general, daidai a faɗi cewa "Paks" (NPP) Yana shi ne gina shafin, wanda ya samu halartar fiye da 110, iri-iri kungiyoyi da harkokin kasuwanci. Duk abin da suke kasa da kasa. Domin samar da kayan aiki, yi kai tsaye, dauke da wata babbar adadin pre-commissioning da kafuwa dubawa na manyan masana daga cikin wadannan kasashe da hannu kamar yadda Jamus, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary. Godiya ga kokarin duk da hannu kwararru, "Paks» NPP IAEA kimomi da aka gane a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau shuke-shuke na da irin wannan a cikin dukan Turai nahiyar.

fasaha Manuniya

NPP "Paksi" (Hungary) duk da haka yana da hudu ikon, ikon kowanne daga abin da yake a cikin kewayon 500 MW. The adadin lantarki da makamashi da samar da wannan tashar, shi ne game da 40% na jimlar girma samuwa a kasar.

Kowane block kunshi wadannan babban aka gyara:

• Ruwa-ruwa reactor, wanda aiki da thermal neutrons.
• Shida tururi janareto, samar da har zuwa 450 ton a kowace awa daya da cikakken, bushe tururi a matsa lamba na 4.7 MPa.
• Shida wurare dabam dabam famfo, wanda babban aiki ne don tabbatar da ci gaba da coolant kwarara.
• Goma sha biyu 'yan asalin Rufe kashe bawuloli ne naƙasasshe lokacin da madauki zama dole.
• Biyu inji mai farfela raka'a kai tsaye ta hanyar mayar da zafi makamashi a cikin wutar lantarki.

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini da kuma na zamani

A karshen shekarar 2014, tsakanin Jihar Corporation "Rosatom" da "Paks» NPP a Hungary A kwangila da aka sanya hannu domin gina, da kuma tunzura a cikin aiki na sabon raka'a. A cewar bayanai sanar da jimlar adadin shirya zuba jari a wannan taron ba zai zama fiye da 12.5 kudin Euro biliyan. A kawai 'yan watanni kafin rajista da daftarin aiki tsakanin Rasha da kuma Hungary, wata yarjejeniya da aka kashe a kan tushen da Rasha Federation yi alkawarin samar da 10 kudin Euro biliyan don kammala aikin gina wannan tashar a matsayin aro. Yi raka'a kai tsaye lamba 5 kuma yawan 6 zai fara a cikin shekara ta 2018. Bisa ga data kasance shirin, na biyar block za su tsaya a kan layi a 2023, da kuma na shida - shekaru biyu daga baya. Ikon kowanne daga cikin sabon makamashi kafofin zai zama 1200 wutar.

Details na ma'amala

Saboda haka, Hungary ake bukata domin samun rance don fara komawa a cikin watanni shida bayan gabatarwar raka'a cikin aiki. Dole ne ku sãka da rance a shekaru 21. A wannan yanayin, na farko shekaru goma sha biya sha'awa a kan aro ba zai wuce 4%. Bayan biyu za su kara: na farko, har zuwa 4.5%, kuma daga baya - to 4.9%.

Hasken Rana 15-watan wajibi sake zagayowar

A karshen shekarar 2015 atomic dubawa Hungary ya yi izni ga tashar da aka bayyana a kan man fetur da amfani, wanda zai sa enrichment matakin riga 4.7%, ba 4.2%, kamar yadda ya baya. Wannan na tabbatar da cewa duk raka'a hudu na makamashi kamfanin zai yi aiki a sabon sake zagayowar na watanni 15.

da batutuwa

Babu shakka, ba lallai ba ne su bayyana shi kara, da yadda m "Paks» NPP. Hatsari a kan shi, abin takaici, har yanzu bayyana sananne. Afrilu 10, 2003, a lokacin aiwatar da shirin gyara aiki a kan na biyu block na episode faru, wadda daga ƙarshe ta dauki fiye da shekaru uku domin kawar da sakamakon. Jigon da ya faru an rage wa gaskiya cewa daina kai hare hare da aka lalace man fetur majalisai a lokacin da sinadaran tsarkakewa daga musamman saka wa wannan tanki. Aiki da aka za'ayi a cikin ra'ayi na AREVA raya fasahar kamfanonin. Abin farin, wucewa da halatta samu darajta shi da aka rubuta a waje da masana'antu sashi daga cikin tashar. Bisa na kasa da kasa nukiliya events hawansa hatsari uku matakin da aka bai.

Shawara da kuma muhawara

"Paks NPP-2" aikin Sai ya zama isasshe tsanani sa tuntuɓe tsakanin kungiyar tarayyar Turai da kuma gwamnatin Hungary. Kamar yadda a baya ya ruwaito a cikin latsa, Turai Hukumar za'ayi wani zuzzurfan bincike a jihar goyon baya ga aikin tabbatar da dogara da wani shiri na biyu na zamani tubalan a tashar. A sakamakon ministan cikin Hungarian gwamnatin Yanosh Lazar, duk tambayoyi da kuma bayani a kan al'amarin aka zaunar, kuma cikas rinjaya. A cewar shi, Hungary ya dauka la'akari da lura na kasashen turai da kuma yin duk abin da da bukatun dukan jam'iyyun da hannu a cikin aikin da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Af, da Hungarian muhalli kwararru kuma kokarin kowane yiwu hanya don hana aiwatar da yarjejeniya a kan yi na zamani tubalan. A cikin view, da shirya gabatarwar high iya aiki musamman mummunan tasiri a kan tattalin arziki, tun da makamashi ne cirewa a cikin wannan hanya ne tsada sosai, kuma zai ƙwarai bunkasa mataki na dogara da Hungary daga Rasha Federation, game da shi haifar da mulkin.

abin kunya

Jihar Sakataren Hungary Zoltan Kovacs ce cewa bayanai da aka buga da Birtaniya jaridar Financial Times game da zargin da ake yi tarewa na EU kwangila tsakanin Rasha da kuma Hungary a kan gina sabon tubalan a cikin "Paks" NPP Shi ne ba daidai ba, kuma ba ya dace da real halin da ake ciki. Bugu da ƙari, cikin farar hula bukaci cewa littafin na wannan rare Albion martani.

Ƙarin shaidun da yadda duk hankalin mayar da hankali a kan "Paks" NPP, wadda sanya photo a cikin labarin na iya zama wani tsoro sata na wani kwamfyutar darektan na tashar. Wannan šaukuwa sirri kwamfuta dauke da m kamfanoni bayanai game da shirin zamani na nukiliya makaman. Shugaban kamfanin rasa ta dijital mataimakin a lokacin, a lokacin da na je wani aiki taro a cibiyar na Budapest kuma bar mota a wani lõkaci, barin ciki na ta sirri mallakarmu duka.

Da har na tamanin da kwangila domin gina raka'a ga Hungary za a iya kiyasta ma ta wannan qa'idar: yawancin kuri'un da jihar majalisar zabe su gane wasu abubuwa sirrin da yawa tare da Rasha a kan gina wani sabon block biyu domin talatin da shekaru. A tabbaci na majalisar dokokin kasar, da tafi da aka shibtarsu da manufar dogara kare kasa da bukatun da tsaro na kasar.

raba abubuwan

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2015 mambobin gwamnatin tawagar, karkashin jagorancin darektan da makaman nukiliya "Paks" makamashi kamfanin, ya ziyarci birnin Moscow forum "Atomexpo", kuma mafi musamman - da tsayawar na Belarushiyanci nukiliya ikon shuka. Wannan ziyarar da aka quite m, saboda abu yi a Belarus ne kama da cewa shirya a Hungary.