Me amfani babban matakin shirye-shirye da harsuna?

Kamar yadda ka sani, da dukan dokokin ciki da kwamfuta an canja shi zuwa wani musamman inji harshe wanda ke aiki ne mai hadaddun da unstructured jerin zeros da su. Wannan ne sosai dace domin kayan lantarki, inda naúrar za a iya bayyana a matsayin wani alama matakin, a sifili - da rashin irin wannan alama. Duk da haka, rubuta umarnin yin hadaddun ayyuka amfani da wannan code shi ne da wuya matuƙa, da kuma samun da kuskure da kuma cire kuskure kawai zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka za mu ci gaba na musamman, mafi m ga Developers, high matakin shirye-shirye harsuna.

labarin

Shirin shi ne wani jerin misali dokokin, da aiwatar da wadda take kaiwa zuwa cikin bayani na wani takamaiman aiki. Domin da farko kwamfuta shirye-shirye da aka rubuta kai tsaye a inji harshe, sun yi matukar amfani da tsauraran matakan da wuyar fahimta. A farkon - tsakiyar 50-xx ta karshe, 20th, karni bayyana farko Macro cewa ya yi shirye-shirye tsari mafi ginannun, sa'an nan da ake kira taro harshe, wanda kuma ya dogara da na'ura code. Sakamakon saurin ci gaban na kwamfuta fasahar ci gaba da inganta da kuma shirye-shirye da harsuna. Kuma a cikin tsakiyar 50-xx bayyana Fortran, na farko da cikakken fledged high-matakin shirye-shirye da harshen. A shekarar 1968, Nicholas Wirth sabon harshe Pascal da aka gabatar, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a tsara da kuma haifar da ban sha'awa software kayayyakin da na yanzu. Sa'an nan ya zo da BASIC harshe, tushen abin da ake amfani a abu-daidaitacce Kayayyakin Basic dandali. A cikin 70s akwai daya daga cikin mafi yadu amfani a yau harsuna - C, wanda aka saba da musamman domin tsarin shirye-shirye. A halin yanzu, ci gaba da kuma watsa daga cikakke kuma m abu-daidaitacce tsarin, da waɗanda harsuna da cewa taimaka kwararru don ƙirƙirar Internet aikace-aikace: html, php, java. Total shirye-shirye game da dubu biyu da harsuna daban daban, don a total nauyi daga abin da suke matukar da ba a yi amfani da kwakwalwa, kazalika da yawa fiye da mataki shirye-shirye harsuna.

rarrabuwa

A sauki rarrabuwa ya raba dukkan data kasance kudi a cikin abin da ake kira low-matakin shirye-shirye harsuna, ko da nufin a mota, da kuma babban matakin shirye-shirye da harsuna, da kuma mai amfani da-centric. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin su ta'allaka ne da cewa shirin da aka rubuta da farko rukuni na harsuna (wato, tãra kuma Mnemonic), dangane da kwamfuta - ko kuma wajen, na ta processor da wa'azi sa. High-matakin harshen shirye-shirye ya sa ya yiwu don samun app da cewa zai gudu a kan kowane kwamfuta, ko da kuwa da hardware. Kudi ne ma biyu manyan harshen kungiyoyin: procedural da kuma wadanda ba procedural, a cikin abin da naúra tana kuma gabatar da tsarin da kuma na sarrafawa, aikin da ma'ana.

Yawanci, kowane gwani a shirye-shirye yana kuma dashi game da goma daban-daban shirye-shirye harsuna, wanda ya iya amfani da su domin warware takamaiman ayyuka. M shi ne, ba shakka, babban matakin shirye-shirye harsuna, amma kuma mafi wuya ga developer na na'ura-daidaitacce harsuna suna yadu amfani don ƙirƙirar wasu sassa na da software.