Mene ne barasan, inda m, a description na aiwatar

Mene ne barasan? Wannan tsari ya kunshi a hanyar mayar da ruwa a cikin tururi, to, wanda aka takaice cikin ruwa form. A sauki misali ne barasan na ruwa, a lokacin da tururi daga sintali aka ajiye a matsayin droplets a kan wani sanyi surface.

Aikace-aikace kuma Tarihi

Barasan da ake amfani da su raba taya daga wadanda ba maras tabbas daskararru kamar yadda a lokacin barasan na ruhohi daga fermented kayan, ko su raba biyu ko fiye da taya tare da daban-daban tafasar batu kamar yadda a samar da fetur, kananzir da kuma lubricating mai daga danyen man. Sauran masana'antu aikace-aikace hada da aiki na sinadaran kayayyakin kamar formaldehyde da phenol, desalination na teku ruwa.

A barasan aiwatar da aka yiwuwa amfani da tsoho experimenters. Aristotle (384-322. BC. E.) da aka ambata cewa da ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa za a iya samu ta hanyar danshin na teku. Pliniy Starshy (23-79. N. E.) Aka bayyana a Hanyar condensing wani m, cikinsa da man fetur ne samu ta gasa a rosin tattara a kan ulu sanya a saman har yanzu.

sauki barasan

Mai barasan hanyoyin amfani a masana'antu da kuma awon karatu ne bambancin sauki barasan. A wannan tushen fasahar amfani da wani shigen sukari ko retort, a cikin abin da ruwa ne mai tsanani, mai condenser don sanyaya tururi da kuma distillate tarin tanki. Bayan dumama abu cakuda ne distilled a farko na abin da ya fi maras tabbas ko da daya ga wanda tafasar zafin jiki ne kadan, sa'an nan kuma distilled wasu, ko ba gaba daya distilled. Irin wannan sauki na'urar ya dace domin tsaftacewa wani ruwa dauke da wadanda ba maras tabbas aka gyara, da kuma isasshe tasiri ga raba abubuwa daban-daban tare tafasar maki. Ga awon amfani da na'ura da aka yakan sanya daga gilashi, da kuma haɗa su tare da matosai, roba hoses ko gilashin shambura. A cikin masana'antu sikelin kayan sanya daga karfe ko tukwane.

fractional barasan

A dabara, ya kira fractional, ko bambanci, da barasan, an ci gaba ga refining saboda sauki barasan domin rabuwa da taya ciwon tafasar batu wanda ya bambanta kadan m. Lokacin da wannan biyu akai-akai condenses kuma evaporates a tsaye makaran ganga. A musamman rawar da aka buga a nan da tururi drum, da fractionating shafi da kuma condensers, ba ka damar komawa wani yanki na condensate mayar da shigen sukari. Manufar shine a cimma m lamba tsakanin daban-daban bulan daga cikin cakuda mafitar kawai mafi maras tabbas kasarun adadi a cikin nau'i na tururi kai karɓar, da kuma sauran koma kamar wani ruwa zuwa gefen shigen sukari. Tsarkakewa daga cikin maras tabbas aka gyara ta hanyar sadarwa tsakanin wannan countercurrents kira gyãrawa ko enrichment.

mahara Effect barasan

Wannan hanya kuma ya kira wani Multi-mataki flash evaporation. Wannan shi ne wani irin sauki barasan. Tare da shi da aka yi, misali, barasan na ruwa na manyan kasuwanci da tatacen. Tana mayar da ruwa ga tururi na bukatar zafi. Sai kawai samun fita daga wani high-iya aiki iska matsa lamba a cikin akwati da ƙananan. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa m danshin, tare da sandaro na tururi a cikin ruwa.

injin barasan

A wani bambancin da aiwatar da rage matsin lamba don ƙirƙirar wani wuri ta amfani da injin famfo. Wannan hanya, da ake kira "injin barasan" ne, wani lokacin amfani da lokacin da yin aiki tare da abubuwa da kullum tafasa a high zafin jiki ko bazu a tafasa a karkashin al'ada yanayi.

Injin farashinsa haifar da matsa lamba a cikin shafi, wanda yake shi ne muhimmanci a kasa yanayi matsa lamba. Bugu da kari don amfani da injin kayyadewa. Hankali iko da sigogi da muhimmanci saboda rabuwa yadda ya dace ya dogara da banbamci a zumunta volatility a ba zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba. Canza wannan saitin iya adversely shafi tsari.

Mene ne wani barasan a wani wuri, ana da aka sani a cikin matatun mai. Al'ada barasan hanyoyin da ake raba haske hydrocarbons da impurities daga nauyi hydrocarbons. A saura aka hõre injin barasan. Wannan damar da za su rarrabe high-tafasar hydrocarbons, kamar mai da waxes, a low yanayin zafi. A Hanyar ma zartar ga rabuwa zafi m kwayoyin sunadarai mahadi da kuma ga dawo da kwayoyin kaushi.

Mene ne wani tururi barasan?

Steam barasan ne madadin barasan a yanayin zafi a kasa da al'ada tafasar batu. Ana amfani da lokacin da distillable abu ne ba gauraye da ba chemically amsa tare da ruwa. Misalan irin kayan da suke m acid da waken soya man fetur. A lokacin barasan, da ruwa a cikin kawota tururi, wanda heats shi, kuma Yanã evaporation.

Barasan a wani cushe shafi

Duk da yake cikin cushe ginshikan suna mafi sau da yawa amfani sha, suna kuma amfani da barasan na tururi-ruwa garwayayye. Wannan zane samar da wani mafi girma lamba surface yankin, wanda qara tsarin yadda ya dace. Wani sunan ga wannan zane - a gyãrawa shafi.

Ka'idar aiki ne kamar haka. A feed cakuda aka gyara da ciwon daban-daban volatility an ciyar a cikin shafi cibiyar. The ruwa gudana saukar ta hanyar da bututun ƙarfe, da tururi motsa zuwa gaba. A cakuda a cikin kasa rabo daga jirgin ruwa mai shiga preheater kuma bar shi tare da tururi. A gas rushes ta cikin bututun ƙarfe up, daukana up mafi maras tabbas bangaren na ruwa yana fitowa daga cikin shafi da kuma a cikin condenser. Bayan liquefaction samfurin shiga cikin tarin reflux, inda aka rabu cikin wani distillate da sulusi da murabba'i cewa an yi amfani da das hi don bayi.

Daban-daban yawa take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa kasa maras tabbas aka gyara aka canjawa wuri daga tururi da ruwa lokaci. Bututun ƙarfe tsawon kuma qara lamba yanki, wanda qara rabuwa yadda ya dace. A mafita tururi ya ƙunshi iyakar adadin maras tabbas aka gyara, yayin da a cikin ruwa maida hankali ne kadan.

Nozzles suna cike a girma da kuma kunshe-kunshe. A tsari filler iya zama ko dai bazuwar ko geometrically ginannun. An sanya daga wani inert abu kamar yumɓu ne, china, roba, yumbu, karfe ko graphite. A filler yawanci yana da girma na 3 zuwa 75 mm kuma yana da babban surface yankin a lamba tare da tururi-ruwa cakuda. A amfani da ciko a girma ne a manyan iya aiki, da juriya ga high matsin lamba da kuma low cost.

Ƙarfe fillers da high ƙarfi da kyau wettability. Ceramics mallaka ko da mafi girma wettability, amma ba su kasance kamar yadda m. Roba da karfi isa, amma talauci wetted da wani low kwarara kudi. Tun da yumbu fillers ne resistant zuwa lalata, suka yi amfani a dagagge yanayin zafi cewa roba ba gagara.

Packet shiryawa ne ginannun Grid, da girma wanda dace da diamita na shafi. Tabbatar da samuwar dogon tashoshi ga ruwa na gudana daga qarqashinsu da tururi. Su ne mafi tsada, amma za a iya rage matsa lamba drop. Packet nozzles yi falala a kansu a low kwarara kudi da kuma low matsa lamba. Suna kullum aka yi da itace, sheet karfe ko saka raga.

Amfani da su mai da sauran ƙarfi da kuma petrochemical masana'antu.

Barasan a barasan shafi

A mafi yadu amfani da shafi farantin irin. Yawan faranti ya dogara da ake so ga tsarkakuwa, kuma rabuwa da wahala. Ana rinjayar yadda high so da kyautatuwar al'amuran shafi.

ta aiki manufa ne kamar haka. A cakuda da aka ciyar da a tsakiyar shafi tsawo. Bambanci a cikin taro take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa kasa maras tabbas gyara na tururi rafi wuce a wani ruwa rafi. A gas exiting daga condenser ƙunshi mafi volatiles da kasa maras tabbas tafi, ta hanyar da hita a cikin ruwa ya kwarara.

A lissafi na faranti a shafi rinjayar da digiri da kuma irin lamba tsakanin daban-daban lokaci jihohi daga cikin cakuda. Fasali, suna yi sieve, bawul, kumfa-hula, sieve, da kuma cascaded t. D. The perforated faranti, wadda da takware ga tururi, ana amfani da su samar da high yi a low cost. Rahusa bawul trays a cikin abin da ramuka suna bayar da bude da kuma rufe bawuloli ne yiwuwa ga clogging saboda da jari na kayan a kan su. Cap bayar da iyakoki da cewa ba da damar tururi gudãna daga ta cikin ruwa ta cikin kankanin ramukan. Shi ne mafi m da tsada fasahar, tasiri a low kwarara rates. Bewafa gudana daga daya farantin na gaba saukar da a tsaye magudana bututu.

Farantin ginshikan sukan yi amfani da su mai da kaushi daga aiwatar sharar gida. Suna kuma amfani da shi don dawo da methanol a bushewa aiki. The ruwa kofofi, kuma maras tabbas Organic sharar gida da aka canja a cikin tururi lokaci kamar yadda wani ruwa samfurin. Wannan abin da mai barasan a barasan shafi.

cryogenic barasan

Cryogenic barasan ne amfani da na kowa hanyoyin da barasan to gas sanyaya zuwa wani ruwa jihar. A tsarin da aka sarrafa a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa -150 ° C. A saboda wannan dalili, zafi exchangers da coils. A gaba dayan tsarin da aka kira wani cryogenic naúrar. Liquefied gas shigar da block da ake distilled a sosai low yanayin zafi. Cryogenic barasan shafi packings da kuma na iya zama wani fakiti. Batch zane mafi fin so saboda girma abu ne kasa tasiri a low yanayin zafi.

Daya daga cikin manyan aikace-aikace na cryogenic barasan ne rabuwar iska cikin ta bangaren gas.

ciro barasan

A ciro barasan yin amfani da ƙarin mahadi da cewa aiki a matsayin mai da sauran ƙarfi ga canji a zumunta volatility na daya bangaren na cakuda. A ciro shafi zuwa cikin abubuwa da za a rabu, da sauran ƙarfi da aka kara. feed rafi bangaren da ake bukata don fitarwa, an haɗa da sauran ƙarfi da yake a cikin ruwa lokaci. Wani bangaren evaporates da ke da distillate. Na biyu barasan shafi zuwa wani abu raba daga sauran ƙarfi, to, wanda aka koma da baya mataki, to maimaita sake zagayowar.

Ciro barasan da ake amfani da raba mahadi da irin wannan tafasar da maki kuma azeotropic garwayayye. Ciro barasan ba kamar yadda prevalent a masana'antu, a matsayin al'ada barasan saboda tsara mawuyaci. An misali ne tsari da samun cellulose. Organic sauran ƙarfi raba ɓangaren litattafan almara daga lignin, da kuma na biyu barasan damar samun m abu.