Menene sunadarai? Tabbatar da dalilin da abun da ke ciki, tsarin

Sunadaran suna da abubuwa da kwayoyin asalin. Sunadaran - mafi muhimmanci abubuwa ga rayayyun halittu. Nonperiodic polymers hada sunadaran da abin da ya bambanta daga sauran polymers.

A farko gina jiki da aka ware a cikin nau'i na Alkama a 1728 da Italian Jacopo Bartolomeo Beccari, wanda ke zaune a cikin shekaru 1682-1766, sanya daga alkama gari. Wanke Alkama ne mai hadaddun insoluble a ruwa glutens, to abin da suke sunadaran. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara nazarin gina jiki.

A tsarin da sunadarin

Su kwayoyin an gina daga irin wannan amma daban-daban monomers - 20 amino acid. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa sunan, tsarin da kaddarorin. Kwayar Komayya gina daga ta musamman m da kuma ga kowa da kowa bangaren, wanda ya hada da wani amino kungiyar tare da alkaline Properties, da kuma wani carboxyl kungiyar tare da acidic Properties. A gaban a daya kwayoyin na biyu kungiyoyin kayyade su babban mataki na reactivity.

Wadannan kungiyoyin suna da alaka high-nitrogen-dauke da kwayoyin abu, ulla wannan labari polymers, to abin da suke sunadaran. A tsari ne kamar haka: amino rukuni na daya amino acid da kuma carboxyl wani ruwa kwayoyin da aka kafa, da kuma free electrons da ake daure, ciwon peptide bond. Saboda haka polypeptides suna kafa. Wani abu da za su iya sa jikin mutum da taimakon Kwayoyin - mataki na sunadaran.

gina jiki biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis - babban batu na Biochemistry. Deciphering yana da wani muhimmanci ne msar tambayar da m part. Domin gina jiki biosynthesis hada da magance irin wannan munanan al'amurran da suka matsayin gadar hali, bambancin, karbuwa, zabin yanayi, fitowan da sabon jinsunan halittu masu rai, da binciken na da harshen damo na kula da hanyoyin da kwayoyin.

Biosynthesis a kantin

Ilimi na gina jiki biosynthetic matakai ne na muhimmancin gaske ga kiwon lafiya, musamman - for kantin magani, samar da wani bayani ga fitowan da kwayoyin cututtuka, solves matsalar na yin rigakafi da magani. Ana amfani da kira na magungunan, ciki har da antimetabolites. Wadannan kwayoyi suna amfani da su dakatar da gina jiki biosynthetic matakai a Oncology: antimutagens kare DNA daga maye gurbi. radioprotectors cewa kare nucleic acid daga radiation canje-canje.

Protein biosynthesis taimaka wajen bayyana ka'idojin da tasiri na kwayoyi, kamar maganin rigakafi, mai hanawa a daban-daban matakai na gina jiki biosynthesis a kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Wannan yana nufin sunadarai?

Protein, ko da gina jiki na iya zama na dabba ko kayan lambu asalin. Abin da ya yadda sunadaran tana nufin? A babbar tushen furotin - kore shuke-shuke, soya kayayyakin, hatsi, da kwayoyi da kuma wake. Lokacin da dabba jan shuka abinci, sa'an nan a cikin jikinsa jũya a cikin wani furotin xin kayan lambu dabba. Saboda haka, dabba gina jiki samu a cikin nama, madara, raw qwai. A mutumin da zabi ya yi amfani da shuka ko dabba abinci mai arziki a cikin furotin.

Assimilability na daban-daban sunadaran

Hakika, da sunadarai a cikin wannan kungiya da ya bambanta a dũkiyõyinsu. A cewar wasu sunadarai da alaka da samfurin, shi yana da daban-daban digestibility. Wasu suna da sauri narkewar da bugun sama da metabolism, yayin da wasu iya kawai mãye kwayoyin. Ka yi la'akari da abin da abubuwa masu gina jiki.

The shugaban daga cikin sunadaran da cewa suna da sauri tunawa, shi ne wani kwai. Wajibi ne a ci bayan wata motsa jiki, saboda kwai ba bar baya da wani Layer na kitse, kamar sauran sunadaran na dabba da asali.

Kifi - kyau kwarai tushen furotin, shi ne mai sauki nike kuma ba ya haifar da wani nauyi a cikin ciki. Game da naman dabba, shi ne wani undoubted jagora a cikin yawan furotin da 100 grams kuma idan ka ci 250 grams nama, jikin mu sami wani kullum kudi na gina jiki. Amma kaji da dama yayi watsi da furotin da abun ciki, amma shi ne ramammu da kuma sauƙi digestible.

Game da kayan lambu da sunadarai, shugaba ne waken soya, a cikin abin da furotin da abun ciki shi ne kusan guda a matsayin cewa daga cikin kwai. Ya kamata a kara da cewa su rage cin abinci na tsaba kwayoyi, da furotin da yawan wanda ya kai dabi'u na kaji, amma saboda su high kalori abun ciki ya kamata a cinye sannu a hankali.

Amfani da sunadarai, carbohydrates da fats a rage cin abinci

Idan ka je abinci daga ra'ayinsa na kimiyya, mutumin da ba ya bukatar takamaiman abinci da su abubuwa ga girma da kuma rayuwar da kwayoyin. Wannan uku kungiyoyin na abubuwa: sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates. Dukan su dole ne su kasance ba a wani takamaiman adadin kowace rana, in ba haka ba shi yiwuwa ba aiki yadda ya kamata a cikin jiki, da kuma matalauta kiwon lafiya. Har ila yau, akwai wasu hulda a tsakanin wadannan abubuwa, wanda dole ne bi.

Nutritionists bayar da shawarar a gina rage cin abinci, ba da wadannan mulki: 15% gina jiki, 20% kitsen da kuma 65% carbohydrates. Hakika, wannan talakawan rabo: shi ya dogara da takamaiman kwayoyin, girma sigogi, nauyi da kuma shekaru na mutum. Saboda haka, kayadadden Figures ya kamata a ƙaddara ta tunani a dietitian ko hoto.

sunadaran aiki

High-kwayoyin halittu mahadi, abin ne da sunadarai suna karye cikin amino acid, wanda shiga cikin jini, kuma saturate jiki, da kuma ya yi amfani da su don gina su sunadaran. Cewa jiki ya samu karfi tsokoki yãgaggun leɓɓa da kyau bayyanar, shi wajibi ne don cika da furotin da rage cin abinci. Isa su a cikin kifi da nama, qwai da cuku, legumes kuma soya kayayyakin. Count rage cin abinci ya kamata a dangane da kullum darajar dukan sinadaran, kazalika da raga.

Wadanda suke so su tsotso up tsokoki, da shi wajibi ne don kara ci sunadarai, da kuma rasa nauyi kamata rage amfani da high carbohydrate da kuma m abinci. Sunadaran, fats, carbohydrates ne babban tushen samar da makamashi da kuma ƙarfi. A kan talakawan, a mutum zuwa da lafiya da abinci da kuma rike da lafiya nauyi, akwai buƙatar ka kai da abinci da sunadarai, fats da carbohydrates a cikin wannan rabo: 90-110 / 90-100 / 250-300 g Ga yara wadanda lambobi a bit karami.

Protein kayayyakin da kullum bautãwarku:

• kaza, turkey, ramammu naman alade - 75 g;
• naman alade, da ɗan rago, nama - 45 g;
• m kifi - 30 g; ramammu kifi, abincin teku - 60 g;
• wake, da waken soya - 2 tbsp. l.;
• naman alade - 1 yanki na ramammu;
• kifi da sandunansu - 2 inji mai kwakwalwa.;
• rage-mai Hummus - 1 tbsp. l.;
• kwai - 1 pc.;
• kwayoyi - '15

Tsokoki aka gina daga furotin, da kuma mutum abinci ya kamata a tabbatar an kiyaye shi, domin shi ne mai} arfi. Kifi da kaji sunadarai narkewar mafi kyau. Abinci, irin su wake, dukan hatsi, da waken soya, kuma dauke da sunadarai, da kuma, haka ma, a kananan adadin kitse, suna ba lagging bayan cuku da kuma kiwo kayayyakin.

Ban sha'awa game da sunadaran

Fiye da biliyan 4 da suka wuce a kan duniyarmu daga kananan inorganic kwayoyin inexplicably bayyana sunadaran, wanda ya zama asalin rayuwa. Duk abu mai rai ya wanzu saboda da musamman sunadarai na gina jiki, da kuma wasu siffofin na rayuwa a duniya har yanzu yana ba a sani ba zuwa ga masana kimiyya.

1. Kowane mai rai kwayoyin da aka yi da sunadarai. Su zauna a kusa da 50% na bushe abu na da wani daga cikin kwayoyin. Ƙwayoyin cuta dauke da furotin daga 45 zuwa 95%.
2. Aƙalla 30% na 'yan Adam da furotin da ya zo tsokoki, game da 20% - a cikin kasusuwa da kuma tendons, da kuma game da 10% - a kan fata.
3. Akwai 1012 daban-daban sunadarai, mai bada rai kwayoyin a dukkan matakai na wuya, da daga ƙwayoyin cuta da mutane.
4. Brain - shi ne ma gina jiki. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa, 'anta su ga tsari na gina jiki da denaturation lokacin da ingested ethanol, kwakwalwa Kwayoyin mutu.
5. Its sunan sunadaran da ake bukata domin kwai gina jiki, yana da nisa daga zamanin d mutane sun yi amfani da matsayin abinci bangaren.
6. Rawar da sunadarai a cikin jiki da mafi bambancin, ba za su iya aiki a matsayin enzymes. Pepsin - wani enzyme cewa karya saukar da sunadarai a cikin amino acid a cikin jiki.
7. Sunadaran da wani m sakamako. Interferon - mai gina jiki da cewa ceton jikin mutum da invading ƙwayoyin cuta.
8. Sunadaran iya taka rawar da hormones, misali ne na hormone insulin. Shi facilitates shigarwa na glucose a cikin cell.
9. Sunadaran su tabbatar da makamashi da matsaloli ga jiki.
10. Gashi kunshi m gina jiki.

furotin tsarin

Akwai 4 na sarari kungiyar na gina jiki:

• farko - halitta da peptide bond, shi kayyade Properties daga cikin sunadaran.
• da sakandare, da ciwon da siffar da ya miƙa spring, gina na peptide da hydrogen shaidu (agara, kusoshi, gashi, gizo-gizo webs).
• manyan-dimbin yawa kwano, gina na peptide, hydrogen da disulfide shaidu (enzymes, antibodies, hormones).
• Quaternary - hada da alpha da beta sarƙoƙi (haemoglobin).

kwayoyin code da ake sa wa kowane sunadari, wanda Stores bayani game da abin da ya samar da shi ya dauki, amma halittar jini, kuma ba zai iya jira na farko code na ta na sarari tsarin. Don aiki da gina jiki, da shi wajibi ne don a juya up a wasu hanya.

Yana da muhimmanci a san wanda abinci dauke da gina jiki, abin da shi da kuma yadda yawa tana bukatar ci. Me ya sa? Kuma saboda furotin, kona a cikin jiki, shi ya amfanin jiki makamashi mai yawa. Sai bayan high-gina jiki abinci, mun ji wani karuwa ƙarfi, wato gina jiki gina kowane daga mu tsokoki da kuma haifar da mai kyau da kuma lafiya jiki. Babu kasa muhimmanci ne daya cewa furotin taimaka wajen rasa nauyi ko kula da nauyi bayan nauyi asara.

Products alaka sunadaran

Ba abin mamaki gina jiki rage cin abinci gane a matsayin mafi m tsakanin nutritionists, domin jiki ciyarwa a kan aiki na gina jiki abinci makamashi mai yawa, game da 5-10% na adadin kuzari samu.

List of mafi gina jiki kayayyakin.

1. A qwai ƙunshi 17% sauƙi digestible gina jiki. Nutritionists shawara dauki qwai ci bayan motsa jiki, amma ba fiye da 2 raka'a per day ga farfado da tsoka nama. A wannan yanayin, da kwai - shi ne mai samfurin tare da low kalori.
2. Low mai gida cuku qunshi 25% na gina jiki, shi ne sauƙin digestible.
3. Hard cuku ne game da 30% gina jiki, amma dole ne a tuna cewa shi ma high-kalori da fatter fiye da ya ke, da ƙasa da shi ya ƙunshi gina jiki.
4. Kaji nama - babban tushen abin da ake ci abinci, kamar yadda caloric abun ciki na ta kananan da kuma kyau narkewar. Kaji nama ƙunshi daga 15 zuwa 20% gina jiki.
5. Naman sa ne a low-kalori samfurin, da kuma karimci da gina jiki. Kamar daya bautãwarku na ramammu nama ƙunshi game da 22 grams na gina jiki.
6. Hanta kunshi 25% gina jiki. A Boiled da kuma stewed da amfani sosai, tun da shi ne mai arziki a cikin wasu muhimman abubuwa.
7. Wasu irin dauke da kifi gina jiki zuwa 25%, kamar tuna, kifi, mackerel. Wannan kifi za a iya amfani da su a abinci ba tare da tsoro don samun mafi alhẽri.
8. A arziki a cikin furotin samfurin da shuka aka dauke su soya, shi ya ƙunshi 14% gina jiki a cikinsa, daga cikin shugabannin da kayan lambu - brussel sprouts (9%).
9. Hatsi sun dauki akalla 10% gina jiki, wanda excellently samamme ta jiki.

Yana babban kayayyakin alaka da sunadarai. Jerin da aka gabatar a nan shi ne da nisa daga gama, amma daukan la'akari da bukatun na jiki ta gina jiki.

ƙarshe

A jikin mutum yana bukatar makamashi kullum. Ko a lokacin barci da jiki ne a tashin: muna numfashi, da zuciya aiki, da jiki ta Kwayoyin suna updated, da m sunadarai matakai faruwa. Wannan na bukatar makamashi: muna samun shi ta hanyar cin da digesting abinci. The abinci ƙunshi abubuwa dole a yi amfani da hadadden sunadaran da rayuwa tafiyar matakai. Shin carbohydrates, sunadarai, fats, ruwa, gishiri, fiber, ma'adanai da kuma bitamin. A lokacin narkewa jiki daukan zama dole abubuwa, da kuma samun kawar da ba dole ba abubuwa.