BusinessMasana'antu

Mene ne sinadaran reactors? Tattare da sunadarai reactors

A sinadaran dauki ne mai tsari wadda take kaiwa zuwa hira da reactants. An halin canje-canje, wanda ya samar daya ko fiye kayayyakin wanin fara. Chemical halayen dabam- dabam suke. Ya dogara da irin reactants, da sakamakon abu, da yanayi da kuma lokacin da na kira, bazuwar, muhallinsa, isomerization, acid-Alkali, redox, da dai sauransu da kuma Organic tafiyar matakai.

Chemical reactors ne tank yi nufi ga dauke da fitar da halayen domin ci gaba da karshe samfurin. Da zane dogara a kan daban-daban dalilai, kuma ya kamata samar da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa daga cikin mafi kudin tasiri hanya.

iri

Akwai uku main asali model na sinadaran reactors:

  • Tsari.
  • Cigaba da zuga tank (HPM).
  • Toshe-kwarara reactor (PFR).

Wadannan asali model za a iya modified daidai da bukatun na tsarin sunadarai.

Batch reactor

A sunadarai raka'a irin wannan ana amfani da tsari matakai a kananan sikelin samar, mai dogon dauki lokaci ko inda mafi kyau selectivity aka samu, kamar yadda a wasu Polymerization tafiyar matakai.

A saboda wannan dalili, misali, da abinda ke ciki wanda suke agitated bakin karfe jirgin ruwa ciki aiki ruwan wukake, gas kumfa ko ta hanyar farashinsa. Yawan zafin jiki kula ne da za'ayi via zafi musayar jackets, ban ruwa refrigerators ko famfo ta hanyar wani zafi Exchanger.

Batch reactors a halin yanzu yi amfani da sinadaran da kuma hanyar sarrafa abinci masana'antu. Su aiki da kai da kuma ingantawa halitta rikitaccen, tun da shi ne zama dole mu hada da ci gaba da kuma mai hankali matakai.

Semi-tsari sinadaran reactors hada aikin a ci gaba da kuma tsari halaye. A bioreactor, misali, ana lokaci zuwa lokaci ɗora Kwatancen da kuma ci gaba ta saki carbon dioxide, wanda dole ne a ci gaba da cire. Hakazalika, a lokacin da chlorination dauki, a lokacin da daya daga cikin reactants ne chlorine gas, idan ba gudanar ci gaba, da girma da shi evaporates.

Don tabbatar da manyan samar da kundin amfani da farko sinadaran reactors ko m karfe jirgin ruwa tare da wani stirrer ko a ci gaba da kwarara.

Cigaba da zuga tank reactor

ruwa reactants ana ciyar da su a bakin karfe ganga. Don tabbatar da ta dace hulda da su aiki ruwa zuga. Saboda haka, a irin wannan reactor da reactants ana ci gaba da ciyar da a cikin ta farko tafki (a tsaye, karfe), sa'an nan kuma suka samu shiga cikin m, a lokaci guda a hankali hadawa a kowane jirgin ruwa. Ko da yake abun da ke ciki na cakuda ne uniform a kowane tank a cikin tsarin a matsayin dukan taro dabam daga ganga zuwa ganga.

A talakawan adadin lokaci da cewa mai hankali adadin reactant ciyarwa a cikin tanki (wurin zama lokaci) za a iya lasafta kawai ta rarraba girma daga cikin akwati a wani talakawan volumetric kudi na kwarara therethrough. Ana sa ran yawan kammala dauki aka lasafta ta yin amfani da sinadaran motsi.

Ya sanya daga bakin karfe tankuna ko gami da enamelled.

Wasu muhimmanci al'amurran da DMI

All lissafin ake yi dangane da wani manufa mix. A dauki fitowa a wani kudi alaka da karshe taro. A ma'auni, da kwarara kudi ya zama daidai da kwarara kudi, in ba haka ba tafki ne cikakken ko babu komai.

Sau da yawa ta fuskar tattalin arziki m aiki da dama serial ko layi daya HPM. Bakin karfe tankuna tattara a cikin wani cascade na biyar ko shida raka'a iya nuna hali a matsayin toshe kwarara reactor. Wannan damar da farko naúrar ta yi aiki tare da wata babbar taro na reagents, saboda haka, a mafi girma dauki kudi. Har ila yau, tafki iya sanya a tsaye karfe HPM dama, saukarwa, maimakon na matakai daban-daban gudanar a tasoshin.

A kwance multistage kisa naúrar barsu ta tsaye bangare ganuwar daban-daban tsawo, ta hanyar abin da cakuda gudana cascades.

Lokacin da reactants ne talauci miscible ko ma ya bambanta a yawa na a tsaye multistage reactor (gilashi-sahu ko bakin karfe) a cikin wani countercurrent yanayin. Wannan shi ne tasiri ga reversible halayen.

The kananan fluidized gado ne gaba daya gauraye. Manyan kasuwanci fluidized-gado reactor yana da wani ma uniform da zazzabi amma miscible blends da kuma share jihar da kuma mai shudewa gudana therebetween.

Chemical kwarara reactor

PFR - a reactor (bakin karfe), cikinsa da daya ko fiye ruwa reactants an pumped ta hanyar wani bututu ko bututu. Suna kuma kira tubular kwarara. Yana iya da mahara bututu ko shambura. A reactants ana ciyar da ci gaba ta hanyar daya karshen, da kuma kayayyakin zo daga wani. Sunadarai matakai faru kamar yadda wuce cakuda.

A PFR dauki gudu dan tudu tsarin: da mashiga ruwa sosai high, amma tare da wani raguwa a maida hankali reactants da samfurin amfanin ƙasa ya karu ciki slows ta gudu. Yawanci, tsauri ma'auni aka samu.

Hankula ne a kwance, kuma a tsaye fuskantarwa daga cikin reactor.

Lokacin da ake bukata zafi canja wuri, mutum shambura an sanya a cikin jacket ko harsashi da kuma tube zafi Exchanger da ake amfani. A karshen harka, da sinadarai na iya zama ko dai a gidaje ko a cikin bututu.

Kwantena daga karfe tare da manyan diamita nozzles ko kama bathtubs PFR kuma yadu amfani. A wasu jeri amfani axial da radial kwarara, mahara membranes da Hadakar zafi exchangers, a kwance ko a tsaye matsayi na reactor da sauransu.

Jirgin ruwa tare da wata reagent iya cika da inert ko catalytic particulate al'amari ƙara da interfacial lamba a cikin iri-irin dauki.

Da muhimmancin da PFR ne cewa lissafinta ba la'akari da a tsaye ko a kwance hadawa - wannan ake nufi da Kalmar "toshe kwarara". A reactants za a iya gabatar a cikin reactor ba kawai mashiga. Saboda haka, shi ne zai yiwu a cimma hakan ya dace da EPA ko rage girman da kudin. Performance PSC ne yawanci fi da cewa da NRM na daya girma. Domin daidaita dabi'u na girma da kuma lokaci a dauki fistan reactors zai da hakan yawan kammala fiye da a aggregates hadawa.

tsauri ma'auni

Ga masu rinjaye na sunadarai matakai ne ba zai yiwu ba a cimma kashi 100 ƙarshe. Su gudu rage-rage tare da karuwa da wannan index har zuwa daidai lokacin da tsarin ya kai wani tsauri ma'auni (idan jimlar martani ko canji a cikin abun da ke ciki ba ya faruwa). A batu na ma'auni a cikin mafi tsarin shi ne kasa da 100% kammala tsari. Domin wannan dalilin ya zama dole su yi da rabuwa tsari kamar barasan, su raba sauran reagents ko ta-kayayyakin da manufa. Wadannan reagents iya, wani lokacin za a reused a farkon na tsari, msl, kamar minjun tsari.

A aikace-aikace na EPA

Toshe kwarara reactors amfani da sunadarai hira da mahadi a lokacin da motsi ta hanyar tsarin kamã a tube, domin manufar manyan-sikelin, azumi, kama ko iri-irin halayen, ci gaba da samar matakai da kuma lokacin sakewa yawa zafi.

Manufa PFR yana da wani ajali zama lokaci, watau, wani ruwa (fistan) ta isa lokaci t, shi ya fita a lokacin t + τ, inda τ - .. Residence lokaci a cikin shuka.

Chemical reactors na da irin wannan mallake high matakan da yi a kan mika lokaci na lokaci, kazalika da kyau kwarai zafi canja wuri. A disadvantages na PFR ne da wahala daga idanu da yawan zafin jiki na aiwatar da cewa zai iya kai wa ga ba a ke so zazzabi bambance-bambance, da kuma su sama kudin.

catalytic reactors

Ko da yake raka'a irin wannan sukan aiwatar a cikin nau'i na EPA, su na bukatar karin hadaddun kula. A kudi na catalytic dauki gwargwado ga adadin mai kara kuzari a lamba tare da sunadarai. A cikin hali na mai ɗamfarar kara kuzari da kuma ruwa reactant ne kunnen doki gudun da matakai samuwa yankin, da shiga da sinadarai da kuma kayayyakin, da kuma zabin dogara a kan gaban m hadawa.

A catalytic dauki shi ne ainihin sau da yawa wani Multi-mataki. Ba wai kawai da farko reactants amsa tare da mai kara kuzari. Tare da shi amsa da wasu daga cikin tsaka-tsakin.

The hali na catalysts ne mai muhimmanci a cikin motsi na wannan tsari, musamman a high petrochemical halayen, kamar yadda suke deactivated da sintering, coking da kuma irin matakai.

Aikace-aikace na sabuwar fasahar

SAR da ake amfani da hira da biomass. A cikin gwaje-gwajen da na high matsa lamba reactors aka yi amfani. A matsa lamba a su iya isa 35 MPa. Amfani da mahara masu girma dabam bambanta da mazaunin lokaci daga 0.5 zuwa 600 seconds. Don isa yanayin zafi a wuce haddi na 300 ° C da ake amfani da electrically mai tsanani nukiliya. biomass feed da aka yi da HPLC-farashinsa.

PSC aerosol nanoparticles

Akwai babba sha'awa a cikin kira da yin amfani da nanoparticles ga dalilai daban-daban, ciki har da babban gami da kuma wani lokacin farin ciki film conductors for lantarki a masana'antu. Wasu aikace-aikace sun hada da ji na Magnetic laulayi, baza a yanzu infrared da makaman nukiliya Magnetic rawa. Domin wadannan tsarin shi wajibi ne don a samar da sarrafawa barbashi size. Su diamita yawanci a cikin kewayon 10 zuwa 500 nm.

Saboda su size, siffar da kuma high musamman surface yankin na wadannan barbashi za a iya amfani da shi don samar da kwaskwarima pigments, membranes, catalysts, tukwane, catalytic da kuma photocatalytic nukiliya. Aikace-aikace misalai na nanoparticles hada SnO 2 ga carbon monoxide na'urori masu auna sigina, TiO 2 zaruruwa, Sio 2 colloidal silica kuma Tantancewar zaruruwa, C for carbon fillers a tayoyin, Fe ga rikodi abu, Ni baturi kuma, a karamar yawa, palladium, magnesium kuma bismuth. Duk wadannan kayan ana hada a aerosol nukiliya. A magani, nanoparticles an yi amfani domin yin rigakafi da magani daga rauni cututtuka, wucin gadi kashi implants, kazalika ga Dabarar na kwakwalwa.

misali samar

Domin alumina barbashi karkashin wani argon rafi, tare da cikakken karfe an sanyaya a cikin RAC 18 mm a diamita da kuma 0.5 m tsawo, da yawan zafin jiki 1600 ° C a 1000 ° C / s. Kamar yadda iskar gas nassi ta hanyar da reactor zo nucleation da kuma ci gaban da alumina barbashi. A kwarara kudi na 2 DM 3 / min da matsa lamba ne 1 ATM (1013 Pa). Kamar yadda iskar gas da aka sanyaya da kuma motsi zama supersaturated, wadda take kaiwa zuwa fitowan barbashi daga collisions da tururi kwayoyin zuwa maimaita har barbashi kai wani m size. Kamar yadda shi motsa ta hanyar da gas supersaturated aluminum kwayoyin cunkoso a kan barbashi, kara da size.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 ha.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.