Mene ne tsaoho? Misalan amfani da zamani a jawabin

Harshe ba tsaye cik. Shi ne mai rai gabar, batun dokokin m ci gaba. Wasu yadudduka da muhimmanci modified, wasu suna share ta sababbi. Hakika, da sakamako a kan tsari da kuma ci gaban al'umma (canje-canje a cikin ginin zamantakewa, matsayi), da kuma ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma fasaha. Ba kwatsam dangane da ci gaban da Internet da kuma walwa na lura da kwarara a cikin harshen wata babbar yawan sabon kalmomi - neologisms, barbarisms lokaci-lokaci (watau Alamu ba tukuna ƙware a cika, sau da yawa dabam-dabam da kasashen waje harshen rubuce-rubuce). Duk da yake rabu amfani kalmomi kuma Concepts kasance a baya. Amma ba su bace gaba daya, saboda wannan ne wani jinkirin aiwatar. Kuma idan dai mutane rayuwa, da sanin cewa, ya nuna, misali, kalmar nan "Komsomol" ko "fasaha makaranta", ko m ayyukansu, wanda amfani da rabu amfani kalmomi (sau da yawa kai Bayani ga zamani karatu a cikin nau'i na comments, footnotes, kari), da cikakken suna ba zai mutu . Barin baya Alamu za a iya subdivided a kan archaisms da historicism. A karshe - kalmomi denoting m mamaki da kuma Concepts, abubuwa. Alal misali, '' s gashi "," gashi "," karusa "," magatakarda "- a yau akwai daina irin wannan tufafi, abin hawa matsayi. Babu serfs da boyars. Saboda haka, yana historicism. Amma abin, sa'an nan, shi ne wani archaism? Shi ne yanzu daga cikin yin amfani da wata kalma wanda ya nuna wani data kasance sabon abu, ra'ayi, abu. "LANIT" - kamar kumatun, "yatsunsu" - yatsunsu, "wuyansa na" - wuyansa. Amma mu ba a magana. Don fi gane abin da yake tsaoho da kuma abin da yake da rawar a harshen da kuma adabi, bincika, abin da suke ya views.

Domin a yawan kalmomi da shi ya canza ba tamanin da wani rubuce-rubuce, amma suna furta a zamani magana daban. Alal misali, "Music", "alama ce". Bayan duk, a cikin karni na 19th girmamawa da aka ba inda a yanzu ya ce, "Music", "alama ce". Shi ne da ƙa'ida rabu amfani kalmomi. Kuma abin da ke cikin na ginin jumla kuskuren ya auku? Wannan kalma, wanda ya kare daya ko fiye dabi'u. Alal misali, "ba sunã rãyar da ciki." Muna ba magana game da wani takamaiman ɓangare na jiki. Da zarar wannan kalma tana nufin "rai." Ko "scoundrel" - da zarar da kalmar da aka ba da la'ana, da la'ana, da kuma nuna wa wani mutum m ga aikin soja. Wannan shi ne, kalmar da aka bar, amma shi yanzu amfani da wani sosai daban-daban mahallin, wani daban-daban ma'anar.

Mene ne tsaoho lexical ko lexical derivation? Alal misali, wanda shi ne "barawo" a phraseologisms "Aki ɓarawo da dare"? Da zarar wannan kalma tana nufin "barawo", yanzu amfani kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan kari, kuma shi ne musamman rare. Barayi zama, amma alama ne m. Kuma a nan, misali, "zumunci" maimakon "zumunci", "masunta" maimakon "masunci" sarari yake mana, kamar yadda kawai canza suffixes. Wannan lexical archaisms Rasha kalma-samuwar. Mun fahimci cewa "daloli" - a "kwarin", "tambaya" - "tambaya", amma irin kalmomi kamar "pudding" (abinci, abinci) ko "da sauran rana" (ranar da) riga bukatar comments. Duk da haka, archaisms, aka rabu amfani da kalmomi (ciki har da historicism), taimaka ka sake da dandano na zamanin na marubuci. Saboda haka, da suka taka rawar da stylistic, musamman idan a yi amfani da jawabai ko rubuce-rubucen da Sahaban. Sau da yawa gane abin da yake tsaoho, taimako da kuma sunan (misali, shirin "da sauran rana da" da kuma sau da yawa yana amfani a cikin 'yan shekaru da kalmar "Estate" a cikin title), da kuma salon maganarsu, a cikin abin da akwai m abubuwa ( "baiwa" - daga " span "- wani gwargwado na tsawon). Don gane muhimmancin sunan, ko salon maganarsu, muna bukatar mu juya zuwa na musamman ƙamus (misali, aka rabu amfani da kalmomi da phrases).