Mene ne wani ionic bond? Misalan abubuwa tare da shi da kuma da kaddarorin

Akwai daban-daban na sinadaran bond. Daga gare su, covalent, ƙarfe, van der Waals, ionic da hydrogen. Bari mu gano abin da ionic bond da abin da kaddarorin.

A sunadarai bond, yana da za'ayi ta canjawa kowa biyu daga electrons daga daya zarra kasa electronegative, zuwa wani karin electronegative, -here cewa irin wannan wani ionic bond. Misalan mahadi kafa ta shi iya hada kowa alama - da abun ciki na fili da wani karfi electronegativity kwayoyin zarra da karfe kwayoyin halitta.

karfe zarra sauƙi donates wani electron da kuma zama wani cation. A electronegative zarra kamar wani halogen zarra, readily yarda da wani electron samar da wata barnatar da cajin ion. Wadannan caje barbashi - anions da cations - da kuma samar da abin da ake kira "ionic bond". Misalai daga gare - shi ne sodium chloride, potassium bromide, lithium iodide, da kuma sauran karfe halides (kagaggun Alkali).

Amma dangane da ba za a iya kafa ta daya kawai ionic bond. Dalilin wannan shi ne noncompensation sojojin na janye da tunkuxe. Saboda haka ya kamata ka kawai magana game da fifiko ionic bonding, alhãli kuwa tare da shi, akwai wani sinadaran bond. Yana da muhimmanci ga sani.

Yana yana da wani directional dũkiyarsu da kuma saturable ionic bond. Misalan Hadin da dirka da saturability - covalent, bayarwa-Mai karɓar shaidu. Unsaturated, da kuma wadanda ba ionic nuna, saboda lokacin da a haɗa zuwa wasu ions tare da cajin ba cikakken cajin diyya. Sun iya a haɗe da sauran protivopolozhnozaryazhennye ions da sauransu. shi ke sa a kusa da ion ne matsakaicin yiwu yawan kamar shi, amma tare da wani daban-daban alama. Duk da haka, wannan lamba yana da iyaka saboda da juna tunkuxe kamar wancan cajin ions. Ma'auni aka samu a lokacin da wani juna matsayi, halin daidaituwa lambar. Wannan kudi ya dogara da rabo daga cikin radii na ions. Abubuwa da ionic tsara bond sau da yawa da wani shigen sukari ko octahedron da kuma wakiltar lu'ulu'u.

Saboda haka, crystal na sodium chloride - sodium chloride - yana da wani cubic raga. A da shi, kowane hade da wani chlorine ion na sodium ions, shida sodium ion - da shida chlorine ions.

A oxides Alkali da alkaline duniya karafa an kuma lura ionic bonding. Misalai na irin wannan mahadi alli oxide, sodium oxide, da sauransu. Ions iya kunshi ba kawai na guda zarra, amma da dama. A cikin wani hadadden ion ga sãshe, kuma tsakanin ions kansu - ionic bond. Misalai: potassium sulfate gishiri da irin (a nan potassium - cation sulfate ion - anion).

Ya kamata kuma a lura cewa da kaddarorin daga cikin abubuwa na ions bambanta da yawa da kaddarorin kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin da abubuwa. Saboda haka, misali, chlorine ions kunshe a cikin sodium chloride, da wani launi da kuma wari da kuma masu amfani a cikin abinci, alhãli kuwa kwayoyin chloro - greenish-yellow gas tare da pungent wari - shi ne mai guba. A sodium kwayoyin halitta amsa explosively da ruwa, da yardar kaina narkewa ions.