Mene ne wani sharadi reflex

Daga cikin sosai farko minti na rayuwar wata dabba mallaka unconditioned reflexes. Wannan yana da muhimmanci, domin suna taimaka wa daidaita da kuma tsira a waje duniya, wanda shi ne fraught da yawa hatsarori. A tsawon lokaci, unconditioned reflexes ana ci gaba, da kuma a Bugu da kari suka bayyana da samu reflexes, wanda ake generated bayan rasit na wani rai kwarewa. Suna da ake kira matukar.

Mene ne sharadi reflex

By wannan lokaci shi ake nufi ba abin da wasu fiye da sadarwa na wucin gadi yanayi, abin da ya bayyana a sakamakon hada da unconditioned da sharadi mai kara kuzari. Wannan reflex dogara ne a kan boko dangantaka da ya bayyana tsakanin wasu na tsarin jijiya Tsarin cikin empirical kwarewa halittu masu rai. Za'ayi reflex mafi girma kwakwalwa cibiyoyin. Wadanda reflexes da suke mika wuyansu a duk mambobi na wannan nau'in ba bambanta da juna, da kuma sharadi reflexes ne wuce yarda da bambancin. Kowane mai rai mutane da suka mallaka.

A iri-iri sharadi reflexes za a iya bayyana ta da cewa kowane halitta mai rai tasowa a kansa hanya: da na waje samuwar kasashe ne duk daban-daban, kowane mutum psyche da aka shirya, da rayuwa yanayi ne daban-daban, da sauransu.

Tasari mutum reflexes, kazalika da wani dabba, suna dogara ne a kan mika wuyansu da numfashinsa. Kamar yadda sharadi samuwar kasashe za su iya aiki a matsayin wani waje dalilai. Suna iya zama daban, amma kuma wakiltar wani dukan cibiyar sadarwa yanayi. A matsayin mai sauki misali da wani sharadi reflex zai iya haifar da irin wannan halin da ake ciki: kararrawa zobba - da dalibi ya fara tattara dage farawa daga kan tebur littafin rubutu. Ya aikata shi a sume, da kuma "inji", kamar yadda wani kira ga shi hidima a matsayin alama cewa shi ne lokacin da za a bar. Idan ka sa a tebur a preschooler ko wani mutum wanda ya dade da aka taba yi karatu, rike da lacca, sa'an nan sallama a kira - shi ne lokaci mai tsawo ba za su motsa. Wannan ya nuna cewa reflex ne kawai samuwa ga wanda rinjaye aiki ne da binciken.

Sharadi reflexes za a iya raba biyu manyan kungiyoyin: instrumental da kuma na gargajiya. Lokacin da na gargajiya reflexes dauki bayyana ba tare da wani ƙarin reinforcements, yayin da instrumental barinku sami wani "lada" bayan bi ta dauki ga kara kuzari.

Pavlov da karnuka

Wannan Rasha Academician I. P. Pavlovym sharadi reflexes suka buɗe. Ya kuma yi wata babbar gudummawa wajen nazarin su. Ayyukansa taimaka wajen fahimtar da kuma gano mafi hadaddun sashen halittu masu rai. Hakika, muna magana ne game da kwakwalwa.

Akademik advantageously gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a karnuka. The dabba da aka sanya a cikin wani masallaci da aka gaba daya ware daga waje samuwar kasashe, amma shi da aka shirya ma haka cewa experimenter iya tsayar da dabbobi ba tare da an lura. Sau da yawa da kare da aka gyarawa da musamman na'urar, wanda bai yarda da haka ba to motsa. Shi ne kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa kafin a gwaje-gwajen, da dabbobi sun gudanar godiya ga wanda akwai wata damar saka idanu nawa yau sun kasaftawa.

A lokacin gwaji da kare musamman tire Feeder tare da wani abinci. Ya hada da kara kuzari (haske, fito, danna, da dai sauransu), kuma ya ba da kare abinci. A tsawon lokaci, da kare ya ɓullo da wani sharadi reflex, wanda ya kunshi a gaskiyar cewa a wasu siginar gane shi a matsayin mai kira zuwa ga yi abinci. Ya yiwu ya tabbatar ta hanyar da kayan aiki da abin da ya faru yau tarin.

Academician Pavlov ya yi babban taimako ga ci gaban duniya kimiyya. Rubuce-rubucen har yanzu mai daraja da kuma karatu biyu a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje.