Abin da ake karatu da tattalin arziki labarin kasa, jiki da labarin kasa da kuma tattalin arzikin yankin? Wannan nazarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki labarin kasa na Rasha da kuma duniya?

Saboda haka cewa an karatu tattalin arziki labarin kasa na duniya da kuma Rasha? Mene ne batu na wuri mai faɗi da karatu? Abin da ake karatu da tattalin arziki labarin kasa da kuma tattalin arzikin yankin?

The asalin kimiyya

Lokacin da akwai wani labarin kasa? Don amsa wannan tambaya ba da sauki. Zai yiwu da aka haife ta a lokacin da tsoho mutumin farko kusantar da kaifi dutse a kan garun da kogon da jawo m yanki kewaye da wurin kai tsaye mazauninsu.

A farko kimiyya balaguro da aka za'ayi da zamanin d Masarawa game da 5000 da suka wuce. Su ne da farko sha'awar a cikin Bahar Maliya tasa da kuma yankunan tsakiya na Afirka. Suka je sama tare da kalanda don yin shi da sauki wajen saka idanu da ambaliyar ruwa na gudãna da sauran halitta mamaki.

A babbar tsalle a farkon mataki na ci gaba da yanayin kimiyya ta faro a cikin zamanin da. Eratosthenes, Strabo, Klavdiy Ptolemey - duk wadannan masana kimiyya sun yi wata babbar gudummawa ga shi. A rubuce-rubucen da Aristotle aza harsashin ginin zamani meteorology da oceanography. Af, da ake kira Hellenistic lokaci na tarihi, da farko ãyõyin rabo daga wani hadade kimiyya na labarin kasa.

A tsarin na zamani Gwargwadon kimiyya

Biyar ko shida da suka wuce ƙarni, manyan kasashe na duniya da wani mataki mai so aikata a cikin mulkin mallaka na sabon asashe. Haka kuma, jigon labarin kasa a lokacin da aka rage wa kawai daya: da nazarin sabon bincike yankuna da kuma sa a kan sabon hanyõyi a nan gaba Voyages da expeditions.

Amma a yau, duk sosai daban-daban. Modern labarin kasa - da kimiyya da ciyarwa lokaci mai yawa a kan amfaninsa na ilimi da kuma facts samar da naturalists da matafiya a lokacin baya ƙarni. Ta yayi kokarin gano alamu da suke da inganci domin biyu na halitta da kuma ga bunkasar tattalin arzikin matakai da mamaki.

Labarin kasa a yau za a iya raba uku da manyan rassan. Su ne:

• jiki.
• tattalin arziki.
• zaman jama'a labarin kasa.

A karshe biyu da yankunan gwaninta sukan hade a cikin wani horo da ake kira "zamantakewa da tattalin arziki labarin kasa."

A cikin kowanne daga wadannan sassa har yanzu akwai mai yawan kimiyya tarbiyya. Alal misali, a matsayin wani bangare na jiki labarin kasa ware hydrology, climatology, geomorphology, glaciology, da sauransu. D. zamantakewa da tattalin arziki labarin kasa ne zuwa kashi siyasa, likitanci, soja, da al'adu labarin kasa, a birane, fuska, labarin kasa da kuma sauran tarbiyya.

Abin da ake karatu da tattalin arziki labarin kasa? Menene babban raga, kuma manufofin wannan kimiyya? Bari mu yi kokarin amsa wadannan tambayoyi a kasa.

Abin da ake karatu da tattalin arziki labarin kasa?

Wannan kimiyya horo Ana nazarin yau a makarantar sakandare, kolejoji, fasaha makarantu da jami'oi. Mene ne ta ainihi? Wannan karatu da batun?

Tattalin arziki da labarin kasa (ko jama'a) - wani hadadden kimiyya horo cewa karatu da na sarari kungiyar tattalin arziki rayuwa na al'umma, kasar, yankin, da duniyar da matsayin dukan. Babban abu na ta nazarin - abin da ake kira yankin da kuma tattalin arziki tsarin.

Wannan karatu da tattalin arziki da labarin kasa na more musamman? A batu na wannan kimiyya hidima da nazarin tattalin arziki da bambancin da wani musamman kasar ko yankin, gano irin da daban-daban fasali na ci gaban tattalin arziki na yankuna daban-daban, da ganewa na muhimmanci alamu a rarraba zamantakewa samar.

Modern tattalin arziki labarin kasa babban mai yawa msar tambayar da m matsaloli na zane mafita gyara matsala yankin da kuma tattalin arziki tsarin da horo na kwararru - da tattalin arziki geographers. A tattalin arziki-Gwargwadon bincike yana amfani da mai fadi da kewayon da hanyoyin kimiyya: balance, ilimin kididdiga, "filin", kamanta siffatawa, tarihi, cartographic, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Wannan karatu da zamantakewa labarin kasa da kuma tattalin arzikin yankin?

Idan tattalin arziki labarin kasa hulda da nazarin tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa, da bi, ya duba jama'a (na da yawan). YAWAN JAMA'A, da ilimi da kuma magani, da kabilu, na yawan jama'ar, gida rikice-rikice da kuma matakin na ci gaba da al'adu - duk wannan ya zo a cikin wata fadi da kewayon moriyar wannan kimiyya horo.

Zai yiwu babban zamantakewa labarin kasa na aiki ne domin sanin ko fasali na socialization na mutum, kazalika da kima na taki na ci gaba a general. Kamar wancan kimiyya ba kawai binciko daban-daban na zamantakewa matakai faruwa a yankin zamantakewa tsarin, amma kuma kokarin samar da wani algorithm don inganta su.

Tattalin arzikin yankin - wani horo wanda aka nasaba, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa labarin kasa. Duk da haka, shi yana nufin wani tsarin tsarki tattalin arziki. Tattalin arzikin yankin na bincika yankin kungiyar na samar. Its main aiki ne don gane da bayani dalla-dalla na wasu tattalin arziki yankuna, kazalika da ci gaba da tasiri da shirye-shirye domin su ci gaba a nan gaba.

Wannan nazarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki labarin kasa na duniya da kuma a Rasha?

Bambanci tsakanin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki labarin kasa na duniya, da kuma Rasha ne bayyananne. A cikin farko idan nazari nazarin sarari kungiyar tattalin arziki da rayuwa a kan wani planetary sikelin, yayin da a karo na biyu an karatu da yankin tattalin arziki tsarin a cikin daya ƙasar.

Wannan karatu da tattalin arziki da labarin kasa na Rasha? Wannan horo yana buɗewa da sauran hoto na ci gaban tattalin arziki a jihar, taimake ka ka fahimci da jeri na babban samar, ta binciko dokokin na ci gaba na kasa tattalin arzikin a matsayin dukan, kuma a cikin mutum yankuna.

Don kwanan wata, mafi muhimmanci, cibiyoyin da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki labarin kasa a Amurka (Clark jami'ar a Massachusetts), da UK (University of Oxford) da kuma Rasha (Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Lomonosov).

Jiki yanayin kasa da kuma Landscape

Jiki labarin kasa hulda da nazarin Gwargwadon ambulan na duniya a matsayin dukan, kazalika da nazarin ta mutum aka gyara. A wannan batun, shi ne zuwa kashi da dama kimiyya masu zaman kansu tarbiyya, ciki har da:

• climatology.
• meteorology.
• geomorphology.
• hydrology.
• oceanography.
• paleogeography.
• biogeography et al.

Da ɗan baya ne wuri mai faɗi kimiyya - da kimiyya da ke karanta Farawa, tsari da aiki da kuma ci gaba na halitta gidaje (shimfidar). Sunan horo zo daga Jamus kalma Landschaft, wanda fassara a matsayin "mai faɗi", "irin ƙasa." Daji, yanayin fili kimiyya aka yi harsãshinsa a cikin ayyukansu na Jamusawa masana kimiyya - Carl Ritter da Aleksandra Gumboldta.

Af, wannan "Layer" na Geographic Sciences ne mafi hankali alaka da sauran ilimomin kimiyyar yanayin halitta - kimiyyar lissafi, sunadarai, ilmin halitta, da lafiyar qasa da kuma ƙasa kimiyya.