Halitta yawan ƙi - da wuce haddi na mutuwar a kan haihuwar

Quite hadaddun a zamani yanayi ne a Rasha YAWAN JAMA'A. Idan muka kwatanta kasar cikin sharuddan yawan, Rasha, ba shakka, ba yana nufin karshe wuri. Duk da haka, shi ba ya nufin babu matsaloli. Ka yi la'akari da kara da cewa wata halitta yawan ƙi.

ra'ayi

Idan a Rasha a wannan lokacin, ko da idan data kasance yawan haihuwar da mutuwa ta 1 da dubu. Mutane. wannan kamar yadda a cikin kasashen turai, da alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki zai zama mafi alhẽri. одна из наиболее актуальных проблем сегодня в стране. Halitta yawan ƙi - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi latsa matsaloli a cikin kasar a yau. Yana taso a sakamakon da wuce haddi na mutuwar kan haihuwar.

Yadda za a yi tasbĩhi game da extras, idan yawan mutuwar yau kiyaye a matakin 80-ies. karshe karni, a lokacin da a halin yanzu data kasance index of haihuwar, matsayin kasar mu cikin sharuddan yawan zai zama yafi hakan. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa shi ne, ba wani haifuwa, aka siffata da nan gaba kuzarin kawo cikas. Yana aka bayyana a cikin sharuddan na sauran haihuwa da kuma mace-mace. . Su bambance-bambance, bi da bi, ya nuna da kudi na halitta karuwa / karu a yawan.

statistics

Ba dole ne a ce cewa low matakin na haifuwa ga jihar ne babu kasa hatsari fiye da na halitta yawan ƙi. подтверждается статистическими данными. Wannan ya tabbatar da statistics. A baya shekaru 13, 20.4 mutane miliyan sun mutu a Rasha, kuma daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 2004 - .. 28,2 miliyan taimako ga kara da rabo daga mace-mace ya bayyana sau hudu fi karu a adadin haihuwa. Duk da cewa daban-daban kafofin na Rosstat akwai daban-daban Manuniya ga shi ne quite yiwu don nazarin janar Trend na depopulation.

1992. Со следующего, 1993-го г., ее показатель ниже 750 тыс. чел. A shekarar farko a zamani tarihi, wanda aka rubuta halitta yawan ƙi - shi ne 1992. A na gaba, 1993, a da adadi na kasa da 750 mutane dubu .. Ban fada. A shekarar 1994, a karo na farko post-yaki lokacin da mutuwa kudi wuce 2.3 mutane miliyan. Bi da bi, kuma ya karu halitta yawan ƙi. был не одномоментный всплеск. Ba wani daya-lokaci karuwa. Wani sabon korau Trend. Wannan aka tabbatar da ilimin kididdiga Figures: daga shekarar 1993 zuwa shekarar 1996 shi amounted zuwa fiye da 3250 mutane dubu, kuma a cikin wadannan shekaru ya karu zuwa 3350 da mutane dubu .... A 21st karni (daga 2001 zuwa 2004) index wuce 3550 dubu. Mutane.

compensating tsari

в той либо другой степени возмещалось притоком мигрантов. Ragewa yawan jama'a a daya mataki ko wani recoverable ambaliya na yawon ci-rani. A shekara ta 1994 adadin su ya 846 dubu. Mutane. A wannan hanya, 95% attrition aka biya diyya. A wannan bincike na data ga duk sauran shekaru ya nuna a hankali a hankali rage daga cikin compensatory rawar da hijirarsa tsari. A general, sama da shekaru 13 na depopulation halin da ake ciki da aka biya diyya game da 35,2% (miliyan 3.6 mutane.). A 1992-1996 kasar samu ta hanyar hijirarsa fiye da 2325 mutane dubu, kuma daga 2001 zuwa 2004 - .. Kamar 282.000. A halin yanzu, hijirarsa matakai, a gaskiya, ba rama domin girma halitta da rage.

dalilai

Rage yawan migrant kwararru nasaba da raguwa a jihohin na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet da ake kira hijirarsa m. A lokacin 90-xx shekaru. a Rasha ci gaba da mutane zo daga kasashe makwabta. A daidai wannan lokaci da muke rinjaye daga cikinsu Rasha. Don a karami har daga cikin sababbin sun mazauni ne na Kazakhstan, da Caucasus, Wed. Asia. A general, a dukan jihohi na kusa a kasashen waje don 1 dubu. Russian baƙi a 1989-2003, shi koma game da 370 mutane a Rasha.

Mafi yawa daga cikin ƙasar tafi Belarus, kalla dukkan - a Azerbaijan. Saboda da ambaliya na Rasha yawan bai ragu da 7, da kuma kawai 4 mutane miliyan. Bisa ga ƙidaya 2002, game da mutane miliyan 1.5 Ya ƙãra kara saboda canje-canje a ɓangare na Belarusians da Ukrainians zuwa ga shaidar dan kasa.

A halin yanzu, masana a matsayin babban dalilin da mutane da kwarara saukarwa daga kasashe makwabta aka kira wani karu a da damar da sikelin, da kuma canja saitunan hijira ga waɗanda suke ga farko 'yan shekaru bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ta iya komawa zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Wannan, bi da bi, ya rinjayi siyasa biyã da gwamnatin Rasha.

A kasar jagoranci, musamman, ba zai yi amfani da m halin da ake ciki. A dangane da nuna bambanci, a nuna a cikin tallafi na dokokin a kan harshe, dan kasa, 'yancin yin zabe da sauransu. A wasu ƙasashe da shi shi ne da harshen Rashanci yawan shirya don dawo kasar. Amma a kan hanyarsa ta gana da 'yan ƙasa na cikas halitta da hukumomi. Haka kuma, duk da hasken dake fitowa a mayar da Rasha da sauri sõmammu.

Kwatanta da sauran kasashen

Bayan da yaki, Faransa, duk da babu kasa wahala a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere, za a iya mayar daga Arewa. Afirka game da 1.5-2 mutane miliyan, watau. E. Kusan duk compatriots. Jamus da baya game 10-12 mutane miliyan, Japan - .. 4.5 miliyan Wannan zai taimaka kasashen ƙara da yawan da 5-6%. A post-yaki halin da ake ciki a wadannan kasashe nuna babban tattalin arziki da siyasa riba. Kama a irin wannan halin da ake ciki, Rasha kusan zuwa karshen 90s. Ya jagoranci manufofin saba wa su kasa amfane shi. Wannan yana nuna a farkon misali yanke shawara nan da nan bayan 'yancin kai, da dokar "A dan kasa". A tsari kafa yawan cikas ga mutane dawo zuwa Rasha bayan 1992

A tipping batu

Ya kamata, duk da haka, a ce cewa kafin 1999, har ma idan na halitta asarar hijirarsa gudana kange karu a yawan mutane a Rasha. Daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1998. adadi shi ne 279 da mutane dubu / shekara (total darajar - 1950 mutane dubu.) ... A na gaba 6 shekaru, da rage ya riga m - 4785 mutane dubu .. Saboda haka, a lokacin da depopulation na yawan 'yan asalin rage ta 4.9-6.8 mutane miliyan.

binciken

Ba kamar sauran kasashen da suka ci gaba, Rasha tana da yawan fasali na depopulation. ? Abin da ya bayyana da na halitta yawan ƙi? A Rasha, da dakushe haihuwa ga zance a wanda zuriyarsa ne iya maye gurbin kawai 3/5 na mahaifa tsara, kuma ru tare da ƙara mace-mace. A karshen, bi da bi, rage tsawon rayuwar na 12-15 shekaru, a kwatanta da sauran jihohin. Wannan ya kai ga unguwa a cikin martaba da kasashe irin su Vietnam, Guatemala, Honduras, Misira da kuma sauransu. A cikin Turai, babu jihar a cikin abin da rayuwa Hasashen na mutane za su zama kasa da a Rasha.

ƙarshe

Dole ne in ce cewa halitta asara ba wani sabon abu ga duniya al'umma. A nuna na 19-20 ƙarni. a Jihar depopulation zauna Faransa. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 20th da halin da ake ciki da fuskantar da wasu kasashen Turai. A farkon 70-ies. a kan backdrop na sosai sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaban da yawan mutuwar karo na farko a cikin postwar lokaci ya wuce da yawan haihuwar. Wannan halin da ake ciki ta ci gaba a yau.

The halitta ƙi kiyaye tun shekarar 1975 a kasar Austria. Kan gaba guda biyu da suka gabata, ya ce wani mai ƙwauro karuwa a yawan jama'a (1 pers. Per 1 dubu.). A halin da ake ciki ya kama a Belgium da Italy, da kuma a cikin 90-ies. - a Sweden, Spain da kuma Girka. A cikin rabi na biyu na 80s. da na halitta ƙi lura a cikin Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria da kuma wasu sauran Eastern kasashen Turai.

Daga 1999 zuwa 2004. a Rasha yawan mutuwar kowace shekara sama 800-950 haihuwar da dubu. mutane. A total number an rage ta 750-900 miliyan a kowace shekara. A halin da ake ciki da wahala da cewa hijirarsa ya rasa ta compensatory rawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa kudi na dakushe yawan mutanen da a Rasha an m kawai ta halitta wastage. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa jihar ke cikin zurfin alƙaluma da rikicin.