Milk:-daban na madara da kuma kiwo kayayyakin, da samar da ajiya

Mene ne madara? Milks da kuma ta m Properties za a gabatar a cikin kayan da wannan labarin. Mu kuma gaya muku game da abin da dabbobi ba wannan samfur, kuma yadda za a adana shi yadda ya kamata.

Overview

Milk kira gina jiki ruwa da aka samar da mammary gland na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Its halitta manufar da aka ciyar da jariran da suke ba tukuna iya nike sauran abinci.

Milk da kiwo kayayyakin wani bangare ne na yawa jinsunan ghjlernjd, amfani da mutumin. Su samar da ya zama wata babbar masana'antar.

Milk da kiwo kayayyakin

A madara zo daga mugunya na mammary gland na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Shi ne wani farin ruwa (wani lokacin za su iya samun yellowish tint) tare da wani zaki da dandano.

Mafi sau da yawa, a wannan ƙasa cinye saniya ta madara, sarrafa a cikin dairies. Duk da haka, a cikin wasu al'ummõmi, wannan samfurin ne sau da yawa samu ta hanyar milking na sauran dabbobi. Ga misali, da na tumaki, Mare, da raƙuma, da awaki da sauransu. Saboda haka, mares madara ne manufa domin shiri na koumiss, sanya daga tumaki da cuku, da kuma na raƙumi - shubat.

tsarin

Abin da aka gyara sun hada da madara? Akwai daban-daban na madara. Saboda canza musu abun da ke ciki. Har ila yau, shi ya dogara da jinsunan dabbobi, mataki na lactation, kakar da sauransu.

A cewar masana, wannan samfurin ya kunshi hadaddun sunadarai, wanda ya ƙunshi dukan muhimmanci amino acid.

A mammary gland shine yake na dabba kunshi wani jam'i na Kwayoyin tsinkãyi Lymph, jini da jijiya. Su isar da duk dole abu don kira na madara.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, abun da ke ciki na wannan samfurin hada fats da carbohydrates a cikin nau'i na sauki sugars da lactose. The tsagawa da karshen a cikin Gut ne kyawawan m. Saboda da kange fermentation na samfur.

Madara mai ƙaddara da adadin mai žunsa. Su ne a Jihar emulsion kuma suna hadaddun cakuda triglycerides, wanda dauke da mai-mai narkewa bitamin da kuma lecithin.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa madara mai abun ciki kayyade ta kalori abun ciki. Ko da yake masana sun ce ko da kitsen samfurin ba ya dauke da fiye da 60 kcal da 100 ml.

Mene ne madara? milks

Mafi sau da yawa, da abinci cinyewa a cikin pasteurized madara. An kasu kashi da dama iri:

• Whole. Wannan daidaita madara, wanda ya ƙunshi wani adadin na kitse (Ina nufin, 2.5% ko 3.2%).
• Refurbished. Irin wannan madara da aka partially ko gaba daya sanya daga gwangwani madara, wanda shi ne tsarkakakku, pasteurized, homogenized, sanyaya, da kuma zuba sauran. Wannan samfurin ne sau da yawa ta shirya rushe a dumi ruwa, dukan madara foda da kuma ta soaking for hudu. A lokacin wannan lokaci zai iya kumbura sunadaran bace na ruwa dandano, kazalika da samar da wata al'ada yawa da danko.
• Narke. Ba asiri da cewa launi na narke madara yana da dadi mau kirim inuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa ta mai abun ciki ba kasa da 6%. An pasteurized kuma homogenized a zazzabi na game da 95 digiri da aka gudanar domin hudu. Af, wannan magani na samfurin sa da launi na narke madara tsami da kuma ba shi da wani musamman dandano da ƙanshi.
• Madara mai ƙara. Wannan bisa al'ada samfurin wanda aka hõre homogenisation. Yawanci, shi yana da wani mai abun ciki na 6%.
• Protein. Ba kawai madara. A kan aiwatar da daidaita a shi ƙara takaice madara ko madara foda. Wannan samfurin bambanta babban abun ciki na mai-free aka gyara.
• Garu. Wannan ne mai matukar dadi da lafiya madara. An sanya daga low-mai ko dukan samfurin da wadãtar da bitamin C, A kuma D.
• Lean. Low-mai madara ingancin ne ko da yaushe talakawa. Irin wannan samfurin da aka shirya daga pasteurized abin sha da ta rabuwa. Yawancin lokaci ta mai abun ciki ne 0.05%.

Yanzu da ka san abin da yake madara. Milks aka jera a sama.

A cewar wasu dieticians, wani samfurin batun sterilization, zai iya kawo gwaji cuta. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa da wannan magani alli da madara da sunadarai ne denatured da baya sa kiwon lafiya matsaloli.

Processing masana'antu

Harm madara ne cewa shi iya adversely shafi jihar da mutum narkewa kamar tsarin. Duk da haka, wannan ya faru ne kawai idan samfur da aka lalace.

Don ƙara shiryayye rayuwa na dauke sha, sabo madara ne na farko sanyaya da tace, sa'an nan ta aika wa masana'antu. Akwai shi ne hõre tsaftacewa, pasteurized, bisa al'ada, homogenized, kuma sanyaya kuma kunsasshen.

By wannan magani da abin sha retains duk m halaye. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne ya hana ci gaban da kuma ci gaban da kwayoyin kama a cikinsa.

Rakumi madara, saniya, akuya, Mare da t. D. Ba nuna, da kuma aka cirewa da milking dabbobi. Duk da haka kara hõre musamman aiki. Wannan abin sha da aka tsarkake a cikin centrifugal molokoochistitelyah kuma tace a karkashin babban matsin. A sakamakon wannan samfurin kawar da duk impurities.

Don ajiye madara daga kwayan Kwayoyin amfani da musamman yara. Kamar yadda aka sani, irin wannan tsarkakewa aiwatar ake baktefunirovaniem.

jiyya

Just samun madara ga shagunan iya ba. A wani m yanayi shi dole hõre wani magani.

Daidaita madara ake magana a kai ƙara ko rage shi dauke da kitsen droplets. Kada shi, ya kawo ce nuna alama ga al'ada.

Fat pushdown samfurin kada wuce 3.2%. A saboda wannan dalili, shi ne sarrafa ta wajen SEPARATOR-normalizer ko gauraye da dukan madara.

Pasteurisation ne da za'ayi a karkashin shawara na abin sha ƙara da shiryayye rai. Domin wannan daidaita madara ne hõre zafi magani a zazzabi na ba fiye da 85 digiri da tsufa a 15-20 seconds.

Pasteurization ne takaice, nan take kuma zaunanniya. Domin duk wadannan iri amfani da daban-daban hardware aiki.

A cewar masana, nan take pasteurization ne da za'ayi ba tare da lokaci ga 'yan seconds. A wannan yanayin, da dumama da zazzabi kai 85-90 digiri.

A takaice pasteurisation abin sha ne mai tsanani zuwa 75 darajõji, kuma a gudanar don game da 17 seconds.

Cigaba da pasteurisation ne da za'ayi a zazzabi na 65 digiri jinkirta rabin awa.

Mafi sau da yawa, da masana'antu, madara, farashin abin da aka jera a kasa, an hõre gajere pasteurization.

homogenization

Wani irin aiki ne madara homogenization. Irin wannan hanya ake bukata domin kara yi na yin kumfa madara kayayyakin.

Mene ne homogenization? Wannan inji crushing mai droplets cikin karami barbashi. Irin wannan abin sha aiki aka yi kafin su sami wani emulsion wanda ba ya ware a lokacin ajiya.

Wadannan homogenization, da samfurin da aka sauri sanyaya zuwa 4-6 darajõji, kuma aika zuwa zube.

kiwo kayayyakin samar daga pasteurized madara kawai. Yawancin lokaci, wannan ya faru a cikin hanyoyi biyu - tafki da thermostat.

Lokacin da tank Hanyar cikin tanki yawo ƙãre samfurin, wanda ya kasance na farko da aka adana for maturation da kuma ripening a musamman tarakh.

A thermostatic Hanyar homogenized wadãtu abin sha a cikin jirgin ruwa da kuma acidify zuwa thermostats, sa'an nan sanyaya zuwa da zazzabi na 8 digiri.

A rare lokuta, da sterilization na madara ta amfani da hanyar na kunnawa. Ya dogara ne a kan yin amfani da infrared da ultraviolet radiation.

Features na madara na dabbobi daban daban

Mutane da yawa amfani da su yi tunanin cewa m madara - mai saniya ta madara. Duk da haka, a wasu ƙauyuka, ciki har da a cikin kasar, yi amfani da sauran iri samfurin. An samu ta hanyar milking na dabbobi daban daban. La'akari da siffofin wadannan drinks yanzu.

tumaki

Wannan mai madara, mai arziki a cikin sunadaran. Yana yana da high yawa da kuma acidity. Saboda babu carotene da wani grayish tint.

A tumaki abin sha dauke 6% gina jiki. A wannan yanayin 80% - shi ne casein da kuma 20% - magani sunadarai.

Irin wannan samfurin da aka rayayye yi amfani da shirya da wadannan iri cuku: pekarino, cuku, Kashkaval, Roquefort cuku da kuma sauran kobiysky. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa a Asiya ta tsakiya, shi ne sanya a cikin man shanu.

goat

Wannan samfurin ne mai arziki a cikin albumin, phosphorus, alli da kuma bitamin C. Saboda daga cikin kananan yawan colorants shi yana da wani haske launi. Bayan da shan madara coagulates da kuma siffofin da wani kananan flakes. Saboda wannan an sauƙi samamme ta jiki.

Goat sha cinyewa a cikin duka ko sarrafa. Saboda shi ya sa cuku da kuma kiwo kayayyakin. Suna halin curative da kuma m Properties, ne musamman da amfani a cikin gastro-na hanji cututtuka.

Wannan abin sha ne sau da yawa kunshe a abin da ake ci kuma jariri abinci.

mare

A cewar masana tarihi, shi ne asali da doki da aka kiwo a gida, don samar da nama da madara. A kadan daga baya, da dabba fara da za a yi amfani da su taimaka a cikin iyali.

Mares sha ne mai dadi, tart dandano, da kuma a bluish tint. Bugu da ƙari, bactericidal Properties daga cikin haruffa a gare shi. Wannan samfurin ana sau da yawa sosai amfani ga yi na koumiss. Ana amfani da magani daga ulcerative da tarin fuka da kuma anemia.

raƙumi

Wannan abin sha ne babban abinci na hamada da kuma Semi-hamada da jama'ar na Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Jojiya da kuma Armenia. Yana yana da takamaiman dandano mai dadi da kuma m texture.

Rakumi madara za a iya cinye a sabo ne tsari da kuma a cikin nau'i na kumfa madara kayayyakin kamar ayran, gida cuku, katyk, shubat, chal da sauransu. Har ila yau, an yi shi cikin cuku da kuma man shanu. Duk wadannan kayayyakin ne halin high warkewa Properties.

bauna

Buffalo suna bred a kasashen da dama. Irin wannan dabbobi ne fairly resistant zuwa zafi sauyin yanayi. Su madara yana da dadi da dandano da ƙanshi. Yana sosai lokacin farin ciki da kuma ƙunshi mai yawa ma'adanai, da furotin da kuma kitse.

Irin wannan samfurin da aka cinye sabo. Har ila yau, an yi shi da man shanu da cuku.

jaki

A cewar ta jiki Properties da kuma sinadaran abun da ke ciki na madara ne sosai a kusa da Mare. A abun da ke ciki na wannan samfurin ya hada da mutane da yawa immunoglobulins. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da magani daga yara, ciki har da jarirai.

Daga jaki madara sau da yawa yi Mare.

deer

Wannan abin sha yana da wani fairly m daidaito, wanda yayi kama da cream. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne diluted kafin amfani.

kayan lambu

An fito da ruwan 'ya'yan itace abin sha ne a wurare masu zafi itace galaktodendron. A mutane ce shuka kira saniya ko madara. Its ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne sosai kamar dabba samfurin, kuma ba kawai a cikin bayyanar amma kuma a dandano da sinadirai masu Properties.

kiwo kayayyakin

Cow madara (Gost), da kuma akuya, Mare, raƙumi, kuma haka a kan za a iya amfani da su kawai a cikin m tsari, amma kuma a cikin nau'i na kiwo kayayyakin. A mafi kowa wadanda suke da wadannan:

• Tsami.

Wannan mai ɓangare na madara aka samar da rabuwa. Yana yana da babban mai abun ciki, yin yana da wani sinadirai masu darajar high.

Cream ci bayan pasteurization. Yana yana da za'ayi a karkashin high zazzabi. Wannan ya ba su wani musamman dandano da dandano, kazalika da lamuni na tsarki daga da dama kwayoyin.

Pasteurized cream yana da wani cream launi, zaki da dandano da m daidaito.

• Gwangwani madara.

Saboda haka da cewa madara da aka sa ya fi tsayi, shi gwangwani. Dangane da samar da irin wannan gwangwani abinci ya kasu kashi bushe da thickened.

Dry kayayyakin da aka samu ta hanyar cire ruwa daga madara. Godiya ga wannan magani, suna adana na dogon lokaci.

Madara, takaice madara da sukari ko ba tare da, sanya daga sabo ne cikakke, ko skim sha. Ruwa da aka evaporated daga gare ta, sa'an nan curing ko kawai haifuwa.

Ainihin tsari a shiri na gwangwani abinci ne pasteurization na tushe, watau madara. Bayan nan, shi ne ya aiko da injin na'ura inda zafin jiki ne kiyaye a ba fiye 55-57 digiri. Next da takaice madara da aka sanyaya da kuma zuba a cikin bankuna.

By ta amfani da irin wannan sugar samfurin yana da babban caloric abun ciki, kazalika da dandano mai kyau.

• Dry dukan madara.

Irin wannan samfurin da aka samu ta hanyar bushewa da pasteurized dukan madara. Ya iya samun m dandano da kuma wani mai tsanani da haske cream launi. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa a cikin wannan foda iya ƙunsar hadayu barbashi.

Bugu da kari, da sayarwa za a iya samu skimmed madara. An sanya daga skim sha.

• Cream foda.

A foda ne Ya sanya daga pasteurized cream da su bushewa. Suna kunsasshen a wani shãfe haske ko unsealed ganga.

• Man shanu.

'Yan mutane san, amma yana da saukin digestible samfur. Yana ƙunshi dukkan muhimman aka gyara na madara. mai hasarar da dandano bayan wani lokaci. An sanya daga cream da bulalar a churn. Wannan kitsen da aka cinye, kuma kamar wannan, kuma ana amfani da na dafa daban-daban jita-jita.

Butter iya zama m, kuma unsalted. Ya ƙunshi game da 25% danshi da kuma 71% ko 72,5% kitsen da kuma 1.5% gishiri. Wannan samfurin ne halin da wani babban abun ciki na ma'adinai salts, bitamin PP kungiyar, B da kuma C.

• Ice cream.

Irin wannan zaki da kuma dadi kayan zaki cream ko aka shirya daga pasteurized madara da hadawa da cakosoban, sugar, kuma daɗin ci Additives. Dukan sinadaran ne a hankali daskararre, kuma Amma Yesu bai guje.

• Secondary raw kayan.

Irin kayayyakin da aka samu a lokacin da samar da man shanu, shan madara kayayyakin, cuku da kuma soya. Wadannan sun hada da buttermilk, whey da skim madara.

ajiya

Kullum, madara aka sa a zazzabi na 2-5 digiri for game da kwanaki 2-3. A ta masana'antu aiki, wannan zamani za a iya kara sau da yawa. Idan madara ne cushe a musamman bags ko kwalabe, da ranar karewa ne sau da yawa har ya zuwa watanni. Duk da haka, amfanin irin wannan samfurin ne sosai m.

Don muhimmanci ƙara shiryayye rayuwa na sha a karkashin shawara, shi ne mayar da hankali tare da sukari ko bushe.

Me ya sa ba sha madara?

Harm madara ne cewa a lokacin da shi ne shafe tsawon amfani da wani mutum ya fara jin sosai rauni. A cewar wasu masana, magoya baya na wannan samfurin fairly da sauri tara mai da kuma accelerates da tsufa tsari.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa yin amfani da wannan kayayyakin zai iya sa osteoporosis, allergies, bacin, flatulence, da kuma blockage na jijiyoyi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa da yawa nutritionists bayar da shawarar a ware daga abinci da madara, da kuma man shanu cream. Amma ga low-mai yogurt da cuku, za su iya iya, amma kawai a cikin iyaka yawa.

amfani da samfur da kuma ta price

Nawa ne madara? Its farashin ya dogara da irin da kuma Hanyar aiki. Yawanci, da kudin na daya lita na abin sha dabam a cikin 30-65 rubles.

A kan amfani da madara ya dade da aka yi jayayya. Wasu masana jayayya da cewa wannan shi ne wani cutarwa samfurin. Duk da haka, mafi yawan su na da ra'ayin cewa wannan abin sha da amfani sosai ga normalize cholesterol metabolism. Shi ma yana da amfani effects a kan narkewa kamar tsarin.

A tabbatacce sakamako na da samfurin a kan jikin mutum saboda da abun ciki na wani babban adadin ruwa, kazalika da gaban methionine, wanda aka hannu a cikin samuwar haemoglobin.

Ya kamata mu ma lura da cewa a lokacin gudanar da bincike da masana kimiyya sun gano cewa dabba ta madara taimaka wajen rura kodan. Bugu da ari, kiwo kayayyakin ne mafi kyau wajen domin maido da na hanji Flora. Su na yau da kullum ci hana putrefaction kuma ya mayar da narkewa kamar tsarin.

A cewar masana, da yin amfani da madara a abinci mai gina jiki taimaka don kare jiki. Ya rage ji na ƙwarai Kwayoyin zuwa hormone insulin. Bugu da kari, mutanen da suka kowace rana cinye man shanu, madara, cuku da kuma yogurt, akwai da yawa kasa high cholesterol da kuma hawan jini.

Milk rage cin abinci rage hadarin na kiba da insulin juriya ciwo, wanda sau da yawa tsokane ci gaban da ciwon sukari da kuma cututtukan zuciya.

A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, potassium, alli da magnesium kunshe ne a cikin kiwo kayayyakin a cikin manyan yawa, rage hadarin hauhawar jini. Bugu da ƙari, godiya ga wannan abin sha zai iya kawar da cin gaban ciwon zuciya, ciwon sukari da kuma bugun jini.