Miloš Zeman - Shugaban Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma Rasha kowane

A farko popularly matsayin shugaban na Jamhuriyar Czech, Milos Zeman, daukan ofishin a cikin watan Maris na 2013. Shi ne wani gogaggen dan siyasa wanda a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin firaministan kasar na Jamhuriyar Czech shekaru da yawa da aka memba na majalisar dokokin kasar.

Origin, kuruciya da kuma samartaka

A halin yanzu shugaban kasar na Jamhuriyar Czech da aka haife a garin Kolin a cikin iyali na wani akwatin gidan ma'aikaci da wani malami. Mahaifinsa bar iyali farkon da aka ba tsunduma a cikin ilimi na danta, don haka da cewa tashe Milos uwa da kaka. Ya kasance mai sickly yaro, yaro ya kamu da wata zuciya lahani, wanda aiki a matsayin wani saurayi filaye don kebewa daga aikin soja.

Baya, a 1963, da graduating aji na makarantar sakandare bayyana uncompromising Milos lokacin da ya nuna wa malami domin tattauna your muqala a kan tushen da aka dakatar a Czechoslovakia littafin game da farko shugaban kasar Czechoslovakia Masaryk. Sa'an nan Milos da farko gamuwa da ƙuntatawa 'yancin magana: shi ba a farkon shigar da kusa da na karshe, sa'an nan ba su ba da ake bukata domin shiga jami'a shawarwari.

Shekaru na nazari da kuma matakai na farko a siyasa

Shekaru biyu, a nan gaba shugaban Jamhuriyar Czech yi aiki a cikin lissafin kudi sashen "Tatra" shuka a garinsu kafin ya iya shiga da a cikin rubutu sashen na University of Economics a Prague. ya fassara a cikin cikakken lokaci da kuma mayar da su cikin babban birnin kasar shekaru biyu daga baya. A jami'a shi ne bikin a matsayin sosai hazaka dalibi. Milos zama da Oganeza na tattaunawa kulob din, rayayye halarci a cikin tattaunawa na halin yanzu siyasa tafiyar matakai.

Kuma da yadi da aka 1968, a lokacin da "Prague Spring", a lokacin da jagorancin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Czechoslovakia, karkashin jagorancin Aleksandrom Dubchekom sa a gaba manufar gina "gurguzanci mai fuskar mutum". Milos Zeman cikakken goyon bayan wadannan bukatun da a cikin wannan shekara ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis.

Duk da haka, da fatan na Czechoslovak gyãrãwa bai zo gaskiya. A kasar da aka gabatar bayar da tasu gudunmuwar kasashen na Warsaw yarjejeniya. Tu ta siyasa purges fara. Yana ya halartar da kuma na yanzu shugaban Jamhuriyar Czech, kuma a shekarar 1969 ya aka fitar daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. Wannan ya zo daidai da karshen jami'a da kuma matasa tattalin arziki nan da nan ya ji wahala a gano wani aiki.

Yabo a gurguzu Czechoslovakia

Goma sha uku shekaru na yanzu shugaban Jamhuriyar Czech aiki a wasanni kungiyar. Sa'an nan, a cikin tsakiyar 80 wuce a agribusiness "Agrodat" kuma a karshe samun damar yin nazari a fagen tattalin arziki. Su sakamakon shi ne ya labarin "Design kuma maimaitawa", da aka buga a 1989, a daya daga cikin mujallar kimiyya da kuma ƙunshi kaifi zargi da tattalin arziki siyasa da Czechoslovak hukumomi.

Masu karatu daga cikin mazan tsara yiwuwa tuna wata jama'a outcry sa buga a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1987, a cikin "New World" labarin tattalin arziki Nikolai Shmelev "Ci gaban da kuma bãshi." Shi ke nan game da wannan martani sa da kuma Mataki na ashirin da Zeman. Yana rayayye tattauna a cikin latsa kuma a kan gidan talabijin. Hukumomi kokarin sa matsa lamba a kan Zeman. Ya ko da ya rasa aikinsa, amma nan da nan da kasar tsawa neman sauyi canje-canje.

"Karammiski juyin juya halin" da kuma farkon ya harkar siyasa

A cikin fall na 1989 a Prague fara taro da zanga-zanga. A nan gaba shugaban Jamhuriyar Czech Zeman daukan su matukar aiki part. Ya yi magana a rallies, kwantanta da ingancin rayuwa a Czechoslovakia tare da kasashen Afirka, da kuma irin muhawara ne wata babbar hit tare da masu sauraro.

Milos Zeman ya zama daya daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar "Civil Forum", wanda ya zama wakilin masu zanga-zanga a tattaunawar da gwamnatin, rubuta na farko siyasa shirin na forum. Tun da mi} a mulki daga gurguzu da wakilan da Democratic Forces, ya ke aiki a ilimi da bincike cibiyoyin, tsunduma a cikin tattalin arziki kiyasin, kuma a shekarar 1990, ya zama mataimakin na sabunta majalisar.

Careers a Jamhuriyar Czech

Tun shekarar 1992, a nan gaba shugaban Jamhuriyar Czech ya memba na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party. A ta jerin a wannan shekara aka zabe shi majalisar, kuma nan da nan ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar. Kamar yadda wani Social Democrat Zeman aka sake zabe a majalisar a shekarar 1996, sa'an nan ya hau kan shugaban majalisar.

Farkon majalisar zabe a 1998 kawo Social Democrats, jagorancin Zeman nasara, kuma ya zama Firayim Ministan na Jamhuriyar Czech. A karkashin ya jagoranci, kasar zama memba na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO da kuma ya samu wani kwararren soja. Zeman ta gwamnatin kammala da sayar da kamfanonin na jihar dukiya da kuma gina makaman nukiliya ikon shuka Temelin a kudancin Bohemia.

A 2001, a sakamakon ciki na ɓangare sabani Zeman aka cire a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar, kuma yi da wadannan shekara murabus daga post da kuma shugaban gwamnati. A shekara ta 2007, ya bar cikin sahu na Social Democrats, kuma a shekarar 2009 ya kafa "Party of Civil Rights", wanda ya zuwa yanzu ba zai iya samun a cikin zaben majalisar dokoki.

Shugaban farko na Jamhuriyar Czech, da popularly zabe

Biyu gada Milos Zeman a ofishin, Vaclav Havel, kuma Vaclav Klaus, zabe da majalisar dokokin kasar. Saboda da kyautatuwa da Czech kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, soma a shekara ta 2011, ya zama shugaban kasar da za a zabe ta kai tsaye kuri'u. Babban iko na shugaban kasar na Jamhuriyar Czech, da shugaban kasar ya ta'allaka ne da cewa ya wakiltar shi a matakin kasa da kasa, kuma shi ne babban kwamandan sojojin kasar ta.

A zagaye na farko na zaben a 2013 Zeman samu dangi rinjaye na kuri'u, kuma lashe zagaye na biyu na nan ministan harkokin wajen kasar Karela Shvartsenberga. Rantsuwar zama shugaban kasar kafin biyu Houses na majalisar da aka gudanar Maris 8, 2013.

Zeman hali zuwa Rasha

Ba kamar su Turai da takwarorinsu, Czech Shugaba Milos Zeman jaddada ya m hali ga kasar mu. Ya yi magana disapprovingly na kallafaffen takunkumin tattalin arziki da Rasha. Ba kamar da yawa Turai 'yan siyasa, ya fito fili ya soki ayyuka na Ukrainian hukumomi a cikin Donbas.

Ƙwanƙwasa tabbatar da dangantaka Zeman zuwa kasar mu ya zama gabansa (kadai daya daga cikin Turai shugabannin!) May 9 a Moscow bikin 70th ranar tunawa nasara a WWII. A wannan yanayin, ya bayyana cewa yana da wuya a matsawa: a lokacin da tafiya ya leans a kan sandarsa. Duk da haka, kome ya hana Milos Zeman, gaskiya aboki na Rasha zo girmama ƙwaƙwalwar miliyoyin mu compatriots wanda ya ba rayukansu a cikin gwagwarmaya da farkisanci.