Minstrels - mai yawo mawãƙi-mawaƙa

The kalmar "makaɗin garaya" ya zo daga Latin ministerialis, wanda fassara a matsayin "bawan". Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka sani shi daga wani mabanbanta ma'anar: mawãƙi-mawaki, a cikin ɓata singer serenades, da dai sauransu

Ma'anar kalmar "makaɗin garaya"

A total darajar. Wannan lokaci ne da ake kira mawãƙi-kida, ba kawai namiji amma kuma mace. A takaice, a cikin wani janar ji minstrels - suna masu sana'a mawaƙa a na da Turai tun da XII karni (zamanin na farkon Renaissance). Da suka aikata su rayayyu da su tsarkakewa da kuma wasa daban-daban ba tare da kida music. A mafi kusa a darajar da cewa kalmar ne a Faransa lokaci jongleur (juggler). Ba kamar mu saba fahimtar da shi da aka bi a matsayin "with", "aukuwa Oganeza". Wannan shi ne ba kawai wani mawaki, amma kuma wani Acrobat, wawa, bayar da labarun baka, sihiri, da dai sauransu The aiki na fasaha irin da aka magana, don haka music rubuce-rubucen minstrels kusan bai tsira. Modern mabiya kokarin a kowace hanya don sake su aiki, dangane da wallafe-wallafen da iconographic shaida.

Na da fassararsa. A cewar wannan fassarar, da minstrels - wannan mawãƙi-singer, wanda aka rubuta a cikin romantic adabi na XIX karni.

Modern fahimtar (tun XX karni). Don haka ya kira masu kida, masu kasida, wanda yin asali songs. Suna iya zama duka biyu professionals da yan koyo.

labarin

Minstrels bayyana a cikin XII karni a lardin Provence (France). A kan titunan birane da ƙauyuka za a iya gani yawo mawaƙa da kasida wanda ya rera songs hada da kansu da kuma raka kansa a kan wani kayan aiki. Wadannan troubadours aka kira troubadours. Wannan sunan da aka fassara daga Provençal yare kamar "ma'adanin na rubuce-rubuce."

A cewar kafofin, da singer-bidar da ya tsuwurwurta. Sun kasance rare daga talakawa mutane da kuma a cikin mulkin gargajiya da sarakunanku. Idan song ya ga liking na grandee, ya mafi yawa ana kariminci ni'imta makadi. Jama'a kuma kare wani lada mawaƙa don komai.

Bayan shekaru 100 da troubadours minstrels sake masa suna. Duk da haka, don haka ya kira ba kawai kasida, da mawaƙa, amma dukan fraternity na yawo artists :. Rawa, mawaƙa, jugglers, da dai sauransu Wancan ne, a cikin na da minstrels fahimtar - duk roving aikatawa, ko da abin da irin art da suka aikata.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da farko ma'anar kalmar - bawa ne a sabis. Duk da haka, a cikin XIII karni, ajalin ake magana a kai a free artist, wanda ya aikata ba, a cikin sabis na wani. Sun yi tafiya a duk faɗin Turai, sun on holidays a wannan yanki, kuma su bayyanar da ya ko da yaushe ya gana da yan unguwa zuwa gaisuwa.

A Jamus, ma, an yawo kida, amma an kira su a nan minnesingers - mawaƙa soyayya. Kamar yadda ka gani, akwai bambanci daga Latin fassarar, bisa ga abin da minstrels - bãwã.

Abin da minstrels singing?

Suna rera waka songs game da duk abin da: game da jarumtan yakin, da kuma na soyayya, kuma cin amana, da kuma game da wani jarumi warrior, kuma mai hikima sarki. By Genre, executable minstrels kuma bi da pastorals. Wadannan ayyuka sun romantic m da almara na rayuwa na yankunan karkara mazauna, musamman da makiyaya da kuma shepherdesses. Duk da haka, babban jigo na songs sun kasance daraja da m ji jarumi wa lady adalci.

wayewar

Yau, wasu masu kida kuma ake kira "makaɗin garaya." "Wãne ne cewa?" - Lalle ne tambaye wasu uninitiated. Modern Minstrels kuma haifar da songs kuma yi su da kansu. Wadannan artists ciki a musamman subculture. Bayan dogon hutu (3-4 karni), wasu bards mawaƙa zama da aka sani minstrels a shekarun 1960s. Kuma daga shekarar 1979 zuwa rushewar Tarayyar Soviet wannan kalma kira Moscow jarida a kan shirin. Yana daga baya aka halicci rawa motsi, da kuma duk mahalarta, wanda aka alaka da shi, aka kira minstrels.