A Amber Room a Catherine Palace (Pushkin)

Unusually ban sha'awa da kuma kyau ne Amber Room a Catherine Palace. Yana ko wajaba a kira mu'ujiza haske. Ana zargin wannan musamman sarari fanned da camfin da Legends. Amma bacewar wannan fitacciyar a lokacin yaki har yanzu da hankalin da tunanin. Sa'a, da Amber Room bai sarrafa warke. A wannan labarin, za mu bayyana a cikin daki-daki, game da tarihi, kazalika da game da inda Catherine Palace, da Amber Room suna located. Tikitin farashin da kuma bude sa'o'i na gidan kayan gargajiya ka kuma iya koya daga wannan labarin.

Prussian lokaci

Prussian sarakuna Elector na Brandenburg (Prussia aka dauke a matsayin shahara cibiyar na amber craft a Turai) daga 1618 a matsayin kyauta ga wasu, Shugabanninta sun zama al'adar ba da amber ne "zinariya" na Baltic Sea kamar yadda aka kira. Me ya sa wannan dutse aiki art aka girma cikin sauri, da kuma daya daga cikin kololuwa da kuma zama Amber Room. Yana da aka halitta a cikin heyday na Prussian da kuma Jamus art a matsayin dukan, wato, a nuna na XVII da XVIII ƙarni.

Elector Frederick III (da shekaru na mulkin -. 1657-1713 YY) a 1701 dauki sama da maimaitawa na babban birnin kasar, da kuma musamman na sarauta zama - da dukan hadaddun na gine-gine na nufin XVI-XVII ƙarni. Kotun m sarki I. F. Eozander sanya kewayen birni mallaki wani fada gina a kan model na Versailles. A zamanin yau, an san cewa m halitta Amber Room aikin. Littsenburg da Oranienburg, biyu daga cikin fadar na Sarkin Prussia, wanda ake dangantawa da al'adar Amber Room tun 1707 ya zama wani wuri Eozandera ayyukan. Na farko, da Amber Room aka tsara don ado na fada Littsenburg. A lokacin da rayuwar sarauta iyali bai gani da dakin cikakken. The aiki a 1709 har yanzu a cike lilo. By lokacin da ta mutu Sophia Charlotte (a 1705). Frederick na yanke shawarar dakatar da aikin da kuma ado da bangarori na amber gallery a fādar abokinsa - Oranienburg. Mafi m, sarki yanke shawarar dakatar da gina, a ci gaba da fada Littsenburg, mazaunin matarsa, kamar yadda ya kasance a lokacin da ta na da rai. Ganuwar da zauren, wanda ya kamata ya saita amber bangarori, ado da zinariya yadin da aka saka da damask. Kuma a yau, a Littsenburg Palace iya sha'awan da Red damastovoy wanka. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da Sarauniya Sophia Charlotte, wannan fada da aka kira Charlottenburg.

Sa'an nan sarki ya umarci Eozanderu kara Palace a Oranienburg, ƙara wa Amber Gallery mita 30, mafificin ta size asali daftarin. Duk da haka, duk da m aiki, wannan gallery aka ba kammala a lokacin rayuwa na Frederick na, wanda ya mutu a 1713.

Gift wa Bitrus I

Rasha Sarkin sarakuna yi farin ciki tare da aikin Eozandera da kuma sanya wani asiri da ya so a yi irin wannan wani aiki na gwaninta a kasarsu. Frederick William na, sarki gãji (shekaru na rayuwa - 1688-1740, da Board - tun 1713), ya gabatar a kasar tsananin horo suke nufin ya m amfani, da kuma yanke shawarar dakatar da irin wannan tsada aiki a cikin manyan gidãje daga ubansa. Amma da undisguised ni'ima daga baƙi da yawa ya sa shi zuwa Dutsen da amber bangarori a cikin ofishin na zuwa Berlin jihar dakuna daga gidan sarauta, castle. Da shi shi ne kawai pdtverzhdenny gaskiya tsaya a Berlin wannan fitacciyar da za a aika zuwa ga Rasha babban birnin kasar, St. Petersburg.

Bitrus I, a cikin rãyuwar Frederick Ina da kaina binciki panel ga Amber Gallery, a lokacin da ya kai ziyara Berlin. A watan Nuwamba, 1716, lokacin wata ganawa tare da dansa, da aka gudanar saboda an alliance tsakanin Rasha da kuma Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm na ba sarki tsada kyautai, tsakanin wanda aka jera da Amber Room. 13 Janairu 1717 The Amber Room aka kawo St. Petersburg a 18 kwalaye, wanda, a Bugu da kari ya ƙãre bangarori sun babban adadin da wani ɓaɓɓake ba a baya amfani.

Evidence game da inda Tsar Bitrus na shirya shigar da wadannan bangarori, sun tsira, don haka zato cewa ta samarwa amfani a cikin ciki na Winter Palace ta da tushe.

Amber Room a zamanin Elizabeth

A 1743, Sarkin sarakuna, 'yar Elizaveta Petrovna bayan Accession zuwa kursiyin gaya wa sa a kyauta a cikin wani sabon ginawa zama - Na uku Winter Palace. Don gudanar da wani aiki na Italian m A. Martelli aka gayyace. A karkashin shugabanci na wani babban m - F. B. Rastrelli - riga a 1746 bayyana sāke Amber Room a cikin Winter Palace. Duk da haka, wasu abubuwa na sabon ciki ya rasa, don haka Rastrelli yanke shawarar kafa wani fuskance pilasters da kuma saka ƙarin bangarori, fentin "for amber". A 1745, Sarkin Prussia, Frederick II ya Rasha Empress wani kisa da aikin A. Reich amber frame, a cikin kayan ado wanda amfani da motifs da allegories sunã tasbĩhi game da yawa daga Elizabeth. A 1746 da Amber Room aka yi amfani ga aikin hukuma receptions, ko da yake shi sau da dama a lokacin da maimaita maimaitawa na Winter Palace aka canjawa wuri daga wuri zuwa wuri.

A Amber Room a Catherine Palace

12 Bayan shekaru, a cikin watan Yuni 1755, da ya rigaya a Tsarskoye Selo da umurnin Empress fara da za a halitta a karkashin jagorancin Rastrelli Amber Room (inda Catherine Palace, a yau sanin kowa ne). Saboda haka sabon zamanin wannan fitacciyar daukaka a Rasha, wanda dade game da shekara ɗari biyu.

Dvortsovy dakin yarda ga shi, ya kasance wani yanki na 96 murabba'in mita, wanda shi ne ma fi girman da baya dakin. Saboda haka, bangarori da aka sanya a tsakiyar bene a kan uku ganuwar da kuma rabu da pilasters da madubai da gilded sassaka. Ina da amber aka rasa, da ganuwar zauren aka rufe da zane da kuma ado da zane-zane "ta hanyar Amber" da artist I. I. Velskim. Rastrelli brilliantly sun jimre da aiki, da inganta ciki kyau tagulla fitilu, rufi zanen, gilded sassaka, madubai da parquet dabe daga daban-daban masu daraja itace.

cibiyar na rufi ado da wata babbar size zanen da wani ba a sani ba artist daga Venice XVIII karni, wakiltar hikima, ci gaba da matasa daga jarabobi na soyayya.

Average tsakiyar mataki ya 8 tsaye bangarori, wanda hudu da aka sanya mosaic na canza launin duwatsu, sanya a Florence a cikin 1750s, sama-sama depicting biyar na asali hankula: ji da gani, tabawa, dandano da wari.

Amber Room na Catherine Palace yana da wani marmari kayan ado. Yana lissafta Sin ain da ƙirãza Rasha aiki. A Amber Room da aka sa da daya daga cikin mafi girma a tarin na amber kayan ado a Turai da kuma ƙarshe zai zama wani gidan kayan gargajiya na amber abubuwa, inda suka yi dara, Checkers da caskets.

Personal abubuwa daga gidan sararta

Daga tsakiyar karni XVIII a Tsarskoye Selo, inda a wancan lokaci akwai upscale master amber aiki ya fara zo daga Kamertsalmeysterskoy ma'ajiyar kayan abinci a gyara iri-iri abubuwa da take da mambobi ne na sarauta iyali. A takardun ya nuna cewa a 1765 ya kawo nan don gyara fiye da 70 kayayyakin daga wannan dutse, a tsakanin wanda su ne batutuwa na mai sadaukarwa (crucifixes da crosses), furniture (postavtsa, kabad da closets), da kuma gidan abubuwa. A musamman kungiyar na abubuwa na lokacin Elizabeth yi tebur kayan ado, sanya a cikin nau'i na ganye sinks da acanthus ganye da kuma Baroque volute. Dukan su suna yi wa ado da sassaka. Wadannan kayayyakin yiwuwa ado festive tebur Empress Elizabeth a lokacin liyafar.

Amber Room a zamanin mulkin Catherine II

A 1763, Empress Catherine II bayar da umarni bisa ga abin da duk canvases fentin "by Amber" kasance da za a maye gurbinsu da wani mosaic na amber. A cikin babban aiki da ta dauki 4 shekaru da kuma 450 kilo na dutse. A 1770, aikin da aka kammala.

By umurnin Catherine II, biya fiye da hankali ga ci gaban da furniture masana'antu a Rasha, da Amber Room supplemented da yawa Masterpieces na sana'a.

Bisa ga jerin harhada by D. Grigorovich, ƙarshen XIX karni a fādar akwai babban adadin furniture, mafi yawa aski da kuma allunan. M shi ya na Faransa asalin. Ina masana'antu ba a bai da wani wuri, mafi kusantar da shi shi ne mai Rasha samfurin. Daya daga cikin farfado, kirji na ɗebo mana, shi ne musamman ban sha'awa. Ya m rabo kuma ware shi kirji ne da ban sha'awa sosai. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an bar su sun a gidan sarauta, kuma dauka don Jamus invaders, da kuma rabin karni daga baya daya daga su koma zuwa ga asali wuri. A cikin pre-yaki photos na Amber Room ne duka kirji da aka rubuta, suka kuma suna kunshe a cikin kaya na gidan kayan gargajiya a 1938-1940. Koma yanki na furniture da aka alama, wanda yayi daidai da lambobi daga lissafin takardu na fada. A cikin shekarun 1990s, da kirji da aka samu a Berlin, a mai zaman kansa tarin, da kuma sayo daga mai shi a kan shirin na mujallar "Spiegel", da kuma daga baya, a 2000, kõma da fitacciyar na Amber Room na Catherine Palace (Pushkin). Kirji na ɗebo mana, in ban da ta ban sha'awa makoma ne m, a kansa, a matsayin misali na daya daga cikin na farko abubuwan da furniture yin a Rasha a kan samfurori na Faransa kayayyakin alaka da 1760 ga watan shekara.

Tun da manyan hawa da sauka a cikin zazzabi, wacce ta duba mana da stoveheating halakar da amber, sau uku kawai a cikin XIX karni aka za'ayi sabuntawa na Amber Room.

A hoto na Amber Room

A 1907, da Lumière yan'uwa samar farko plastinki- "autochromes" by tasowa a uku-launi mosaic juna. Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin na farko launi hotuna a cikin tarihi na daukar hoto. A 1917 Lukomsky, shugaban na art-tarihi hukumar, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin manyan gidãje, aka yi izni a gudanar da wani harbi a cikin manyan gidãje daga Tsarskoye Selo. Ciki har da shirya ya cire da kuma a Pushkin Catherine Palace, da Amber Room aka kuma za a ɗauki hoton. Wannan wajibi ne don haifar da taskoki na gidan kayan gargajiya farfado. Shooting aka gudanar AA Zeestom. A Catherine Palace hotuna da aka dauka a cikin watan Yuni, kuma a cikin Alexander - daga 14 ga watan Agusta, 1917, nan da nan bayan da na karshe Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II da iyalinsa suna aika zuwa Tobolsk. PK Lukomsky 11 Oktoba 1917 samu 140 Shots, daya daga wanda aka kama da Amber Room a Catherine Palace. Up har 1941, ya ne kawai launi ta image.

A cikin shekaru 1933-1935 da kananan ayyukan sabuntawa kwashe sculptor I. Krestovsky.

asarar ciki

A lokacin rani na 1941 da aka shirya a babban fitacciyar sabuntawa, amma Great Patriotic War hana ta aiwatar. Amber Room za a kwashe, wanda mosaics aka rufe da wani bakin ciki Layer na musamman nama takarda. Amma da fitina kau da panel nuna cewa amber crumbles. Yana da muhimmanci sosai ga ci gaba a kan looting da Catherine Palace. A Amber Room, wanda farashin ya kasance da gaske babban, lalle yana da da za a boye daga invaders. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar zuwa ƙarƙashin ta adana har yanzu. Bangarori taped gauze zane, aza inuwõyi na batting da kuma rufe su da katako, allon.

Lokacin da Amber Room (Catherine Palace, Pushkin) da aka kai hari da Jamusanci sojoji, cikinsu da tawagar kwararru a fitarwa na art taskõkin, a panel aka cire da kuma aika zuwa Konigsberg.

Akwai shi har sai da bazara na shekarar 1945. Bisa ga Jamus jaridar "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", da sukar lamiri Alfred hau, Nuwamba 13, 1941 shirya wani nuni da duwatsu masu daraja, da kuma wasu abubuwa na ado na Amber Room (mafaka a cikin wani wuri mai) a cikin Prussian Art Museum. A shekarar 1944, lokacin da Jamusawa suka tattara baya panel dismantled, cushe a cikin kwalaye da kuma aika zuwa wani unknown makõma. Tun daga nan, da Amber Room zauna rasa.

Tarurrukan fitacciyar

A shekarar 1979, kwamitin ministoci na RSFSR, an yanke shawarar sake tsayar da amber bangarori.

A shekarar 1983, da hotuna da rashinta na Amber Room a Catherine Palace farko na Tarurrukan na aikin da m A. A. Kedrinskogo. A 1994 ya kafa na farko panel a cikin ƙananan bene, kuma mafi aiki a kan mosaic "view" da aka kammala shekaru biyu daga baya. A watan Afrilu 2000, da gidan kayan gargajiya mayar samu a Jamus dresser Rasha da kuma mosaic aiki "touch da wari" cewa kasance wani ɓangare na ado na cikin dakin.

A cikin watan Yuni 2003, a cikin girmamawa ga St. Petersburg tercentenary a Pushkin (Catherine Palace) The Amber Room da aka bude ga jama'a. A bikin ya samu halartar Rasha da kuma Jamus shugabannin. The aiki, wanda dade shekaru 24 da haihuwa, an kammala. Wani sabon zamani a tarihin wannan babban aiki na art!

A Amber Room (Catherine Palace): inda, bude sa'o'i

Pushkin, a cikin abin da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka located, aka located 25 kilomita daga St. Petersburg.

A halin yanzu, Catherine Palace (Amber Room) ne bude kullum daga 10 zuwa 17 hours, da kawai rana kashe - Talata da kowane karshe Litinin na watan ne wani tsafta rana.

A lokacin rani, da sabis na yawon shakatawa kungiyoyin da tawagar hukuma da za'ayi daga 10 zuwa 16 hours kuma daga 16 zuwa 17 - ƙofar ga tikiti na mutum baƙi. Idan akwai wani al'ada kungiyoyin, sabis mutum baƙi kuma iya faru a wani lokaci. Tikiti ba pre-sayar, su dole ne a saya a cikin akwatin ofishin, dake a cikin zaure na Palace (Pushkin, Tsarskoye Selo, Catherine Palace).

A Amber Room, a ziyarar da yake kyauta, yayi rangwamen ga wasu nau'i-nau'i a yawan. Saboda haka, kudin tikiti na manya ne 400 rubles, kuma ga dalibai na Rasha jami'o'i, kazalika da fansho na Rasha Federation da kuma Belarus - 300 rubles. Wadannan tikitin farashin suna kafa Catherine Palace. A yawon shakatawa ta hanyar da dakunan (Amber Room hada) da aka caje dabam.