Electric halin yanzu a cikin semiconductors

Electric halin yanzu a semiconductors - directed motsi ramukan da kuma electrons, wanda aka rinjayi da lantarki filin.

A sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, sai aka fahimci cewa lantarki a semiconductors ba tare da canja wurin da al'amarin - ba su unsa wani sunadarai canje-canje. Saboda haka, dako, electrons za a iya bincika a semiconductors.

Da ikon daga cikin kayan da nunawa a cikin shi da lantarki za a iya ƙaddara da takamaiman watsin. By wannan nuna alama conductors zauna wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin conductors da insulators. Semiconductors - Waɗannan su ne daban-daban na ma'adanai, wasu karafa, karfe sulfides, da dai sauransu Electric halin yanzu a semiconductors taso daga maida hankali free electrons wanda zai iya motsa directionally a wani abu. Gwada karafa da kuma conductors, shi iya lura da cewa, akwai bambanci tsakanin yawan zafin jiki tasiri a kan su watsin. An karuwa a yawan zafin jiki take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a cikin watsin da karafa. A semiconductors da madugu kudi ƙaruwa. Idan wani semiconductor zazzabi karuwa, da motsi na free electrons zai zama mafi erratic. Wannan shi ne saboda wani karuwa a yawan collisions. Duk da haka, a semiconductors a kwatanta da karafa, shi ne ma ya karu nuni yawa na free electrons. Wadannan dalilai da kishiyar sakamako a kan watsin: da more collisions, da karami da watsin, da girma da maida hankali, da hakan shi ne. A karafa, akwai wani dogara tsakanin zafin jiki da kuma maida hankali free electrons, don haka da cewa wani canji a watsin da kara yawan zafin jiki kawai rage-rage da yiwuwar wani umurni da motsi na free electrons. Amma ga semiconductor, da nuni da sakamako na kara maida hankali mafi girma. Saboda haka, da yawan zafin jiki Yunƙurin zai kasance mafi girma, da girma da watsin.

Akwai dangantaka tsakanin motsi na cajin yan dako da kuma ajali kamar lantarki a semiconductors. A semiconductors, cajin yan dako halin da bayyanar daban-daban dalilai, daga cikinsu m zafin jiki da kuma tsarki na kasa. Tsarki ya tabbata a semiconductors kasu kashi extrinsic da nasu.

Amma da kansa shugaba, da sakamako daga impurities a wani zazzabi iya ba zama da muhimmanci a gare su. Tun da band rata na semiconductors ne low, a wani muhimmi semiconductor, a lokacin da zafin jiki da kai cikakkar sifili, akwai cikakken cika da valence electrons. Amma da madugu band ne gaba daya free: babu lantarki watsin, kuma shi ayyuka kamar yadda wani manufa insulator. A wasu yanayin zafi, akwai yiwuwar cewa thermal hawa da sauka na musamman electrons iya shawo kan yuwuwar shãmaki, kuma ya bayyana a cikin madugu band.

Thomson sakamako

A qa'ida ta thermoelectric Thomson sakamako a lokacin da lantarki a semiconductors, tare da akwai wani da zazzabi dan tudu a kansu, fãce Joule zafi saki ko sha na kara yawa na zafi zai auku dangane da shugabanci a cikin abin da na yanzu za su gudana.

Ƙarancin uniform misali dumama, ciwon kama tsarin rinjayar da kaddarorin, inda kayan zama ba uniform. Saboda haka, Thomson sakamako ne takamaiman sabon abu Peltier. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa daban-daban wadanda ba sinadaran abun da ke ciki na samfurin, da kuma zafin jiki da na asali shi ne wannan heterogeneity.