Ilmin taurari - shi ne cewa irin kimiyya?

Wasu lokaci a makaranta manhaja ba su da irin wannan magana kamar ilmin taurari. Yanzu wannan horo kunshe a cikin m horo ba ne. Ilmin taurari fara koya a hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin daban-daban makarantu. Wani lokaci wannan horo a karon farko bayyana a cikin jadawalin a ta bakwai graders, da kuma a wasu makarantu ne ya koyar kawai a cikin 11th sa. A makaranta, da TAMBAYAR, me ya sa muke bukatar mu koyar da batun, ilmin taurari? Bari mu gano abin da irin wani kimiyya da ilmi game da sarari iya zama da amfani a gare mu a rayuwarmu?

A ra'ayi na kimiyya da ilmin taurari da kuma ta abu na binciken

Ilmin taurari - shi ne da na halitta kimiyya da sararin samaniya. A batu na ta binciken ne cosmic mamaki, tafiyar matakai da kuma abubuwa. Tare da wannan kimiyya, mun san cewa irin wannan taurari, taurari, amaryar wata, comets, asteroids, meteorites. Har ila yau, astronomical ilmi ba manufar sarari, wurin da wani sarari suKe jikinsu, su motsi da su ilimi.

Ilmin taurari - ne kimiyya da ya bayyana da cewa abin ban mamaki ne da wani ɓangare na rayuwar mu.

A haihuwa da kuma ci gaban ilmin taurari

A farkon wakilci na mutum game da sararin samaniya sun sosai m. Suna dogara ne a kan addini. Mutane tsammanin cewa duniya - shi ne cibiyar sararin samaniya, da kuma cewa sama a haɗe zuwa wani m taurari.

A wani kara ci gaba da wannan kimiyya rarrabe dama, saukarwa, kowanne daga abin da ake kira da astronomical juyin juya halin.

A farko wannan juyi ya faru a daban-daban sau a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. M farkon da aiwatar - 1500 shekaru BC. A sabili da farko juyin juya halin da aka ci gaban ilmin lissafi ilimi, da kuma sakamakon - bayyanar mai siffar zobe ilmin taurari, astrometry, kuma daidai kalandarku. Babban nasara ta wannan lokaci - Ana zargin da geocentric ka'idar duniya, wadda ta zama sakamakon tsoho ilmi.

A na biyu da juyin juya halin a ilmin taurari ya faru a lokacin daga XVI ya XVII karni. Yana da aka sa da saurin ci gaban kimiyya da fitowan da sabon ilmi game da yanayi. A wannan lokacin, domin bayyana astronomical mamaki da kuma matakai da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi an yi amfani.

Babban nasarorin da wannan mataki na cin gaban ilmin taurari - mai gaskata ga dokokin na planetary motsi da kuma nauyi, da sabuwar dabara na Tantancewar kawo nesa kusa, gano sabon taurari, asteroids, gagarumi tsarin, da fitowan na farko cosmological shiriritar.

Kara ci gaba da na sarari kimiyya ya kara. Yana da aka kirkiro wani sabon dabara da taimaka a astronomical bincike. Za su iya karatu da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na sama jikinsu, tabbatar da hadin kai a dukan sarari.

The uku astronomical juyin juya halin ya faru a cikin 70-90 shekaru karni na ashirin da. Yana da aka saboda da ci gaba na aikin injiniya da kuma fasaha. A wannan mataki, akwai duk-kalaman, gwaji da kuma corpuscular ilmin taurari. Wannan yana nufin cewa a yanzu duk-sama abubuwa za a iya kyan gani, tare da taimakon electromagnetic taguwar ruwa jefarwa da su, corpuscular radiation.

Subsections na ilmin taurari

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, ilmin taurari - wani tsoho kimiyya, da kuma a cikin shakka daga dogon ci gaba, shi ya samu wani m, masana'antu tsarin. Na ra'ayi tsarin na gargajiya ilmin taurari dokoki ta uku subsections:

• Irfanin ilmin taurari - da kimiyya da karatu da motsi na basamaniyai falakinsu. Yana da kayyade matsayi na sarari suKe na duniya ta yanzu da wuri.
• Astrometry koyar daukan sarari da kuma lokaci. Da taimakon ilmin lissafi da hanyoyin da shi ya kira wani bayyane matsayi da kuma motsi na cosmic abubuwa. Nazarin da canji na tsarawa daga wani sarari suKe jikinsu.
• Celestial makanikai ya wadãtu da dokoki na motsi na abubuwa a sarari kuma su yi a cikin tsarin.

Bugu da kari a wadannan babban sassan akwai more:

• astrophysics.
• gagarumi ilmin taurari.
• cosmogony.
• Cosmology.

New trends da kuma na yanzu kwatance a ilmin taurari

Kwanan nan, dangane da hanzari na ci gaban da yawa kimiyyar tattalin arziki ya fara bayyana m, zauna quite takamaiman bincike a fagen ilmin taurari.

• Gamma-ray ilmin taurari duba sarari abubuwa daga radiation.
• X-ray ilmin taurari ne kama da na baya masana'antu daukan matsayin dalilin nazarin x-haskoki jefarwa da wani sarari suKe jikinsu.

Basic Concepts a ilmin taurari

Mene ne asali Concepts na wannan kimiyya? Domin cewa mu iya more warai to nazarin ilmin taurari, kana bukatar ka koyi kayan yau da kullum.

Space - shi ne mai tarin taurari da kuma interstellar sarari. A gaskiya, shi ne talikai.

Planet - wannan musamman wani sarari suKe jiki da cewa falakinsu da star. Wannan sunan da aka bai kawai matakin matsakaicin nauyi abubuwa da suke iya saya a zagaye siffar ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kansa nauyi.

Star - wani m siffar zobe abu ya kunshi gas, a cikin abin da Fusion halayen faruwa. Kuma mafi kusa a san star mana ne da rana.

Sputnik a ilmin taurari - a wani sarari suKe jiki da cewa rotates a kusa da abu, wanda shi ne ya fi girma a cikin size da kuma ne aka gudanar da nauyi. Tauraron dan adam ne na halitta - irin su Moon, kazalika da tsari na wucin gadi da mutumin, da kuma kaddamar a cikin sarari guda domin watsa bayanan da ka bukata.

Galaxy - ne gravitational gungu na taurari, gungu na taurari, ƙura, gas, da kuma duhu al'amarin. Dukan abubuwa taurari matsawa zumunta a cikin hedkwatarsu da.

Nebula a ilmin taurari - shi ne interstellar sarari, wanda yana da halayyar radiation kuma tsaye daga kan sama. Kafin zuwan iko telescopic na'urorin taurari sau da yawa a gauraye da hazo.

Karkatar a ilmin taurari - halayyar muhimmi ga kowane wani sarari suKe jiki. Saboda haka na kira daya daga cikin biyu tsarawa nuna da kusurwa nesa daga m ekweita.

Modern terminology na ilmin taurari kimiyya

M hanyoyin da binciken, wanda aka tattauna a baya, da gudummawar zuwa fitowan da sabon astronomical sharuddan:

"M" abubuwa - kafofin na Tantancewar, X-ray, rediyo da kuma gamma radiation a sarari.

Quasar - a cikin sauki sharuddan, ne star, da karfi da radiation. Its ikon iya zama fiye da dukan galaxy. Irin wannan abu ba za mu iya ganin da nesa kusa, ko da a wata babbar nesa.

Neutron star - karshe mataki na juyin halitta daga cikin wani sarari suKe jiki. Wannan sarari abu ne baba misali yawa. Alal misali, abu wanda yake shi ne neutron star cewa shige a wani teaspoon zai auna 110 ton miliyan.

Communication ilmin taurari da kuma sauran sciences

Ilmin taurari - da kimiyya da aka hankali hade da wani iri-iri gwaninta. A cikin binciken, ta amfani da nasarorin da yawa rassan.

A batun rarraba a duniya da kuma a sarari na sinadaran abubuwa da su mahadi - da cewa shi ne mahada tsakanin sunadarai da ilmin taurari. Bugu da kari, masana kimiyya da yawa sha'awa a cikin nazarin sunadarai matakai a cikin vastness na sarari.

Land iya daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin taurari da hasken rana tsarin - cewa an bayyana dangane da ilmin taurari, labarin kasa da kuma geophysics. Relief duniya faruwa yanayin da yanayi canje-canje a cikin weather, Magnetic hadari, Warming, kankara shekaru daban-daban - ya yi nazarin dukkan wadannan da kuma masu yawa fiye da geographers sabon abu da ake amfani da astronomical ilmi.

Menene dalilin da asalin rayuwa? Wannan shi ne na kowa tambaya ga ilmin halitta da kuma ilmin taurari. Janar ayyukan wadannan biyu sciences ana nufin warware takaddamar da na yadda rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya.

Ko da more dangantaka ta kusa da ilmin taurari, da lafiyar qasa, wanda na nazarin da tasiri na cosmic matakai a cikin duniya a Muciya.

Hanyar na lura a ilmin taurari

Dalili na tarin bayanai a ilmin taurari ne su kiyaye. Wace irin hanyoyi za ka iya saka idanu da matakai da kuma abubuwa a sarari, da kuma abin da kayan aikin da ake yanzu amfani da wadannan dalilai?

Tsirara ido za mu iya gani a sama a 'yan dubu taurari, amma wani lokacin alama cewa muna ganin miliyan ko biliyan glowing mai haske aibobi. Yana da wani spectacle a kanta m, amma tare da taimakon girmamãwa na'urorin za a iya gani fiye da ban sha'awa.

Ko wani talakawa biyu daga binopkulari da eightfold karuwa bada damar ganin dubun na wani sarari suKe jikinsu, da kuma talakawa taurari da cewa ba za mu iya ganin da ido tsirara, sun zama yawa haske. The mafi ban sha'awa abu don kallo ta hanyar binopkulari - ne da watã. Ko da a low magnification za ka iya ganin wasu daga cikin craters.

The kawo nesa kusa ma ba da damar ganin ba kawai stains tekuna a kan wata. Kallon taurari da taimakon wannan na'urar, ba za ka iya gano duk siffofin da taimako na Duniya da tauraron dan adam. Har ila yau Kiyayewa idanu bude ganuwa zuwa wannan lokaci da zobba na Saturn, m taurari da kuma nebulae.

A kallo na dare sama ta kawo nesa kusa - shi ne ba kawai mai yawa fun, amma wani lokacin quite amfani ga kimiyya. Mutane da yawa astronomical binciken ba cibiyoyin bincike, da kuma sauki yan koyo.

Ma'ana na ilmin taurari ga mutum da kuma al'umma

Ilmin taurari - da kimiyya ban sha'awa da kuma amfani a lokaci guda. Yau astronomical hanyoyi da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su:

• weather kiyasin.
• na marine da kuma jirgin sama kewayawa.
• kafa daidai kwanakin da abubuwan tarihin da;
• cartographic misali na duniya, da gina topographic maps.

maimakon wani epilogue

Ba duk na sama, da tambaya da amfani, da kuma wajibcin ilmin taurari, babu wanda zai iya. Wannan binciken taimaka wajen fahimtar dukkan al'amurran da samuwar dan'adam. Ta ba mu ilmi game da asalin rayuwa a duniya da kuma ya bude samun ban sha'awa bayani.

Da taimakon astronomical bincike, za mu iya karatu da daki-daki, ya duniya, da kuma sannu a hankali matsawa zurfi a cikin sararin samaniya, domin ya koyi da mafi game da kewaye yankin.