Aristotle a matsayin masanin kimiyya da falsafa

Aristotle, a matsayin masanin kimiyya da kuma babban Greek Falsafa, da aka sani ga abubuwa da yawa: sunansa a kan kowa na lebe mutum. Ransa yana cike da ban sha'awa, kuma, kamar yadda aiki ya kawo wani invaluable taimako ga kimiyya.

Aboki da kuma shawarta

Babban tsoho Greek Falsafa Aristotle, a ilmin halitta da kuma falsafa bar wani babba sawun, an haife shi a 384 BC. e. a cikin Thracian garin Stagira. A 368 BC. e., sa'ad da yake har yanzu sosai matasa, ya tafi zuwa Athens, inda ya zama wani dalibi-kai Plato Academy. A Plato, Aristotle, wani masanin kimiyya samu wani gogaggen shawarta da haihuwa aboki, wanda ya ganin darajarsa, da wanda rinjayar da ya yi da sauran rayuwarsa. Suna da kakkarfan magana har Plato ta mutuwa a 348 ko 347 BC. e.

Ba bisa doka ba, amma quite na kowa ne da ka'idar cewa a lokacin da ya a Academy Aristotle an implacable abokin gaba na Plato, kalubalanci dokar da ra'ayoyin. A gaskiya ma, Aristotle ya Academy for ashirin da shekaru, da kuma abu ne mai wuya wannan zai yiwu idan ya ideas kasance sosai daban-daban daga Plato ta ra'ayoyi ko saba wa janar shakka daga cikin tunani.

bayan da Academy

Bayan rasuwar malamin, Aristotle bar Academy a Athens, domin kafa rassansa a birnin Asus a Asiya Ƙananan Taruwasa. A nan sai ya kafa wani m dangantaka da wani gida, mai tĩlastãwa na Hermas, wanda shekaru biyu bayan da aka zarge shi da rashin biyayya Farisa da hukuncin kisa. A wannan batun, Aristotle da aka tilasta su matsa zuwa tsibirin Lesbos, a birnin chloride. A lokacin da wannan lokaci a Asus da chloride, an fara dauki siffar da za a yi ta da kansa falsafa ra'ayoyin.

Aristotle da Aleksandr Veliky

Game da 343 shekaru BC. e. Sarki Philip na Macedonia, Aristotle yayi wani matsayi na malami da ɗansa, kuma magaji na Alexander. Shi ne mai hikima koyarwar Aristotle yana da hukunci tasiri a kan samuwar wani nan gaba babban kwamandan. Godiya ga Alexander a matsayin wata ãyã daga zurfin godiya, cikin girmamawa gina halaka su a lokacin da kamfen na Philip ta garinsu ya shawarta Stagira.

masu zaman kansu makaranta

Bayan da Accession na Alexander ga Macedonian kursiyinsa a 336 BC. e. Aristotle bar matsayi na malami, kuma ya tashi zuwa birnin Athens, inda ya kafa nasa makaranta - lyceum (located kusa da Wuri Mai Tsarki Apollona Likeyskogo, da fuska), kuma aka sani da Περίπατος ( «shirayin», inda laccoci). Ta sauraro aka kira Peripatetics. Aristotle ta lyceum wani real bincike al'umma. Ga yana da kansa library, da kuma ma'aikatan na malamai, laccoci yadu.

A cikin shekara ta 323 BC. e. Aleksandr Makedonsky mutu. The yawan Athens, yana neman tserewa daga Macedonian mamayar, sun yi tsayayya da Aristotle. Ya aka tilasta su bar da kuma shirya a birnin Halkida a Evia, inda ya rasu a shekara daga baya.

m lokaci

A dukan kimiyya na Aristotle ne zuwa kashi uku lokaci:

1. "Academic" lokaci, lokacin tattaunawa tare da Plato. Sa'an nan kuma muka aka halicci tattaunawa "Evdem" inda Aristotle a matsayin masanin kimiyya ya amince da ra'ayin Plato ta ilmi kamar yadda tunãwa na Ideas, contemplated da haihuwa, da kuma "Protreptics" - wasika zuwa Femissu na Cyprus a cikin abin da marubucin da kuma goyon bayan Plato ta ka'idar siffofin, ya ce shi ke hakikanin rai na rai ta fara bayan mutuwar jiki. Har ila yau a wannan lokaci, watakila, aikin ya fara a kan "physics" da "A cikin rai", kazalika da wasu aiki a kan dabaru.
2. Tsawon rai a Asus da chloride. Wannan ya hada da tattaunawa "A Falsafa", inda Aristotle, a ilmin halitta a wannan lokaci ya ba tukuna sanya wani binciken, ya kira Platonism zamani pinnacle na ci gaba da falsafa, duk da haka, ya soki ka'idar siffofin. Ga Aristotle riga yana da wani ra'ayin na Allah a matsayin "tsit Firayim mover" na duniya. A wannan lokacin, ya kuma an aiki a kan "Metaphysics" da "manufofin" halittawa "Evdemovu xa'a."
3. lokaci koyarwa da kuma gudanar da bincike a karkashin arches na lyceum. A wannan lokacin, shi ne niyya cewa Aristotle gano a lokacin da shekaru ransa. Ya tashi, ya sadar a kan falsafar da wani abin dogara da kuma karfi kafuwar: ya kai a kai gudanar da bambancin, cikakken karatu a fannin yanayi da tarihi. Pedagogical aiki (lacca) a lokacin da Aristotle kiyaye da aka buga a cikin 60s BC. e. Andaranikas da Rhodes. Saboda haka "Metaphysics" ne mai tarin laccoci ba a lyceum a daban-daban sau. Sunan "metaphysics" nuna wuri na aikin a cikin tarin ayyukan da Aristotle, domin shi ne bayan da "Physics" (Greek μετα -. «Bayan»). Amma duk wannan abun ciki kamar yadda yake a sashe a cikin zamani ji - idan "Physics" fuskantar kalubalen anã gitta su a motsi, da "Metaphysics" da aka sadaukar domin mafi girma akida, da kuma muhimmi haddasawa. Kanta "Physics", watau, Aristotle ta ayyukan marubuta kishin halitta kimiyya da na halitta falsafa kuma ya shafi uku lokaci. Su kuma sun hada da "A cikin rai" - wani m ka'idar Aristotle, na aikin da'a ( "Nicomachean xa'a", "Great xa'a"), siyasa ka'idar ( "Policy"), "rhetoric", "Poetics".

amfaninsa kimiyya

Aristotle a matsayin masanin kimiyya, kuma systematized falsafa, rarraba shi a cikin wadannan yankunan na ilimi:

1. Irfanin Falsafa. Yana neman cimma tsarki ilmi, to ilimi da kanta, ba su da wani m sakamakon. Irfanin Falsafa ya hada da kimiyyar lissafi (nazarin littattafai, da canza wuraren), lissafi (nazarin canzawa, amma rabuwa daga cikin abu) da kuma metaphysics (yana nufin rabu da kaya, da tushensu da kuma tsayayyen).
2. Practical falsafa. Yana hada da yafi kimiyyar siyasa, kazalika da yawan tarbiyya cewa Aristotle ya yi ĩmãni ƙarƙashin da kuma karin siyasa: tattalin arziki, da dabarun, rhetoric.
3. Poetic falsafa. Ya hada da xa'a da ilmi, wannan ya hada da Aristotle ka'idar a cikin zane-zane.

Aristotle ta taimako cikin taskar duniya wayewar iya wuya a overestimated. Abin da Aristotle bude, da jerin iya zama dogon. Yawa daga cikin theories gudun hijira zuwa Neo-Platonic falsafa da kuma na da falsafa. A lokaci coined da Aristotle da ake amfani da su a wannan rana su ne tushen falsafar ƙamus na wani na duniya data kasance harsuna.