Menene babban fasali na al'umma? Janar ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a

Amfani da kalmar "al'umma" a ko'ina, amma ga m jigon wannan ra'ayi iya ba kowa da kowa. A definition wannan sabon abu da kuma nuna ta Concepts ba ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma zamantakewa kimiyya. Bugawa kimiyya a kan wannan batu ne mafi muhimmanci nauyi saboda shi ne al'umma da cewa shi ne batun da binciken. Ba kamar duk sauran kimiyyar, shi ne bu mai kyau la'akari duk yiwu al'amurran al'umma. Wasu Science asirce daya kawai takamaiman illa.

Duk da haka, za mu mayar da hankali a kan gabatar, wanda yake ba mu da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, kamar yadda a cikin wannan labarin za mu yi la'akari da tambaya: "Mene ne babban fasali na al'umma?" - kazalika da wasu related al'amurran. Za su taimaka mana mu more sane aiki da wannan ra'ayi, kuma a general zai zama da amfani don inganta ilmi a cikin wannan filin.

A look at manufar jama'a

Ga wasu bayanai daga ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, nuna jigon al'umma. Saboda haka, wannan kimiyya ya wadãtu da manufar da biyu babban tarnaƙi, bi da bi, wakiltar bambancin dabi'u. Bari mu magana game da kowane dabam, yayin da touch a rarrabe fasali na al'umma.

Tarihi, da tattalin arziki al'amari

A farko gefe na binciken ne don su bincika jama'a a cikin ra'ayi na tarihi, tattalin arziki, yanayin da siyasa abubuwan. A daidai da wannan al'amari na al'umma gano a matsayin wani tsarin fiye da kawai wani rukuni na mutane ko al'umma.

Mafi sau da yawa a cikin wannan jijiya an kasaftawa sosai musamman irin yadda m, bawa, mulkin gargajiya, da sauransu. Suna halin kowa al'adu da dabi'u, da matakin da fasahar ci gaba, kyawawan dabi'u.

A la'akari da wannan, da tarihi, da tattalin arziki, da al'amurran da alama al'umma, kafa a cikin ƙasa na musamman kasar ko nahiyar. Wannan Rasha, da kuma Amirka, da kuma yammacin duniya, a general, da kuma gabas.

Bisa ga wadannan facts, mu takaita bayanai block definition: al'umma - a tsarin iyakance a lokacin da ƙasa. Duk wani zamanin da da kyawawan dabi'unsa da kuma matakin da fasahar ne irin wannan kamfanin.

key siffofin

Scientist E. Shils ya bamu yawan filaye a kan abin da juya-kashe kamfanonin dangane da irin abubuwan gani:

- aiki a matsayin wani na game tsarin (kamfanin da aka ba kunshe a wani manyan tsarin).

- na da fayyace ƙasa.

- yana sunan, tarihin samuwar da ci gaba;

- kammala da kuma fadada kamfanin ne saboda adam albarkatun, waxanda suke da kansa mambobi (tare da 'yan ware).

- a matsayin wata ãyã daga, karin da suka gabata daya - samun aure wakilan jam'iyya.

- akwai wani aiki site management system.

- halin da kowa ga wakilan da tsarin dabi'u, norms, hadisai da cewa samar da wata al'ada.

- lokaci wanzuwar al'umma dole mafi girma daga lifespan na mutum wakilin.

Features na jama'a, bisa ga iko Rasha sociologists ne kamar haka:

• yankin - ta taka rawar da babban material akai ga wanzuwar da kuma ci gaban zamantakewa dangantakar;
• cin gashin - kai isar, kyale zama ba tare da tattalin arziki da kuma sauran dangi da sauran al'ummu.
• integrative - ƙungiyar dukan mutanen da a aiwatar da zamantakewa da rayuwa, rike da haifuwa na da al'ummomi;
• m - mai kẽwayẽwa yanayin da tsarin (ga mahalarta).

Bari yanzu mu ci gaba zuwa gaba ganewa na al'umma wakilci a cikin sociological bincike.

Sociological da falsafa al'amari

Saboda haka, da muka riga ya san abin da su ne babban fasali na kamfanin daidai da tattalin arziki-Gwargwadon bangare na binciken. Yana da lokacin da la'akari da na biyu bangare na nazarin wannan topic a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a.

Na biyu ma'anar al'umma ne zalla sociological da kuma falsafa, a lokacin da dauke a matsayin dukan. A nazarin wannan shugabanci ilimin halayyar zaman dogara ne a kan sakamakon da m lura da gwaje-gwajen a kan karami Tsarin - kananan al'ummomi (iyalansu, iyalansu, al'ummai). Gina wani matsayi na gininsu daga karami zuwa fi girma. A sakamakon haka, mun samu kan aikin hadin kai na al'umma.

Idan akai la'akari da daban-daban cibiyoyin al'umma da wannan, da m ra'ayi, ilimin halayyar zaman kiwata al'amurran da suka shafi sararin samaniya - asalin al'umma, da na kowa burin ta zama. Kowane al'umma na da irin wannan tarihi. Saboda haka, American ka'idar "shura fara" gina a kan wasu daga cikin jin dadi. Tunani a kan batun sociologists na Tarayyar Soviet akwai doguwar a kusa da Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917

Bari mu yi bayani takaitacce abin da aka ce a cikin tsarin na sociological al'amurran da cewa al'umma - mafi girma a social kungiyar, ace duk sauran, yin su a bangare na. Muna ci gaba da kara la'akari da tambaya na abin da su ne babban fasali na al'umma.

Ãyõyin jama'a a wani sociological mahallin

Bincike sociological al'amurran da suka shafi R. Koenig sanya wadannan sifofi ga jama'a:

• wata hanyar rayuwa ga mutane;
• tattalin arziki da kuma akida ƙungiya kafa a shirye-shirye;
• gaban zamantakewa cohesion (daban-daban al'ummai).
• da mutuncin zaman jama'a cohesion, cewa shi ne, karami Tsarin;
• da tarihi baya na samuwar da kuma ci gaban wannan musamman, kankare, jama'a;
• zamantakewa gaskiya - da matakai a wadda dangantaka an daura mutane.

Wasu asali Properties

Kafin wannan, mun yi duba a kamanni biyu na nazarin ilimin halayyar zaman al'umma, mun ambaci wasu nau'i na al'umma a matsayin misalai. Mun kuma koyi game da halaye muhimmi a cikin binciken na al'umma da tattalin arziki da kuma sociological bangarorin. Yanzu, za mu yi la'akari da shi kuxi domin su zauna a wasu daga ta fi muhimmanci Properties. Don waɗanda suke a cikin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a daraja cin gashin kuma kai isar.

Mulkin kai da kai isar da kaddarorin

A baya can, mu kawai a takaicce aka ambata dukiya cin gashin na tsarin al'umma. Yanzu mafi game da shi.

A Company ta ikon zama dabam daga wasu, don tallafa wa aiki na karami Tsarin kunshe a cikin tsari, da kuma samun mulkin kai. Wannan dukiya, da farko wurin, da ɗan fice zuwa bango cikin sharuddan total duniya na da cikakken duk duniya matakai na zamani. Duk da haka, shi ne m: karfafa kasa da kasa da lambobi yana da wasu alamomi cewa cin gashin zama ba haka ba ne a bayyane yake, amma tsari ne na wani daban-daban irin.

Jifar tabbatar da mulkin kai na al'ummu ga abin da yawan jama'a na duniya ne wurin ikon kansa tsarin a gare su. A cikin kasashen, akwai karami al'ummomi mutane hada kan manufa da matsayi a cikin al'umma baki daya.

Karatu da kara da cibiyoyin al'umma, sai ka ce 'yan kalmomi game da kai isar. Kai isar - a kasar takamaiman-dukiya daga cikin mutane, samar da damar da za a gaba daya ware daga sauran al'umma. Da zarar akwai wani rabo na aiki tsakanin yankuna na duniya (samarwa specialization), kai isar ba a lura a cikin wannan kasar. A zamani al'ummu, wani sabon gina-in ingancin - complementarity na tattalin arziki da dalilai.

Other Properties

An muhimmanci na wani al'umma - ta al'adu tsararru. Wannan ra'ayi ya hada da dama mamaki, babu bukatar a yi la'akari da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na mu theme. Isar da shi a ce, bisa kowa hadisai, kai-sani, kyawawan dabi'u na mutane da al'adu Society kafa. An riga da samuwar wani arziki tarihi.

Karami al'umma wajen gudanar da ayyuka a guda tsarin na kasar a kan nasu al'umma. Wannan shi ne babban bayyanuwar da kaddarorin kai-tsari.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda a ƙarshe a kammala da cewa al'umma da kuma xabi'unsa an tattauna a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a cikin daban-daban fannoni. Wannan daukan la'akari da tattalin arziki, Gwargwadon, na tarihi, al'adu da kuma wasu dalilai. Zamani al'umma bayyana, yafi a cikin nau'i na kasashe da su daga alƙarya. A mafi muhimmanci Properties na su - cin gashin kuma kai isar.

Saboda haka, za mu fahimci batun na abin da su ne babban fasali na al'umma, kafa shi a matsayin sabon abu. Muna fatan cewa bayanai za su zama da amfani a sa wani sanar view na zamani al'umma.