Sulfuric acid. Hanyoyin da shirye-shiryen. aikace-aikace

Sulfuric acid da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a fannoni daban daban na ayyukan mutane. Modern sinadaran masana'antu hada shi a cikin jerin manyan samar, da matakin da ta saki wani kai tsaye ba nuna alama daga cikin m da sinadaran samar da wata kasa. A kowace shekara a duniya samar game da 160 ton miliyan na abu.

A cewar su physico-sinadaran Properties, da sulfuric acid ne dicarboxylic acid, wannan fili na sulfur kai cikin mafi girman hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar (6). Karkashin al'ada yanayi, da mayar da hankali sulfuric acid yanayin wakiltar wani nauyi m ruwa da ciwon wani launi, ko sansana. Sulfuric acid da aka yi amfani da bayani. Kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi za a iya amfani da a matsayin talakawa ruwa, da kuma sulfur trioxide. An dauke su wani ruwa-ruwa bayani, idan da rabo na yawan kwayoyin da sulfur trioxide ga adadin ruwa ne kasa da hadin kai. Sama da wannan index magana da ake amfani - sulfur trioxide bayani a sulfuric acid ko oleum.

Sulfuric acid samar na samar da wannan muhimmanci da samfurin halittar aiwatar ma'adinai gargajiya, shi da ake amfani da matsayin electrolyte a wani gubar acid batura, da acid ne mai babbar bangaren a cikin shirye-shiryen da daban-daban ma'adinai salts da kuma acid. Chemical zaruruwa, dyes, hayaki-sa da kuma bama-bamai a cikin masana'antu da fasaha ne sulfuric acid. Ba tare da ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin mai, karfe, yadi, da fata da sauran masana'antu.

Ko da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ya ba su kasance ba tare da yin amfani da abu - samun wani abinci ƙari E513 (emulsifier). Industrial Organic kira, dehydration (aiwatar domin samun esters, diethyl ether), hydration (samar da ethanol daga ethylene) sulfonation (samarwa na ƙuna kuma tsaka-tsakin da shiri na dyes), alkylation (kira isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene glycol), dawo da resins tace ga distilled ruwa samar Lines - babu wani daga wadannan matakai ne ba tare da yin amfani da sulfuric acid.

Production na sulfuric acid na samar da mafi asali mabukaci daga cikin abu - kira takin. Alal misali, don a samar da ton na phosphate takin wajibi ne don ciyar daga biyu zuwa uku da rabi ton na sulfuric acid. Saboda wannan dalili, sulfuric acid Enterprises ɗõra wa ɗaukar samar da sulfuric acid, a hade tare da ginin masana'antu da samar da takin.

biyu aiki hanyoyin da ake amfani da shi don samar da sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid samar ne babban lamba Hanyar da yake casa'in cikin dari, nitrous (Tower) Hanyar yana kasa na ruwan dare. Duk da shortcomings da kowane denomination, samar da sulfuric acid daga nitrous pyrites muhallinsu ta hanyar mafi kyau kudin yi, m, da kuma babban taro na ƙãre samfurin a kanti.

Mastering lamba sulfuric acid shuka kira hanya, da sulfuric acid samar da damar kasu kashi uku, saukarwa. A mataki na farko, ƙõnuwa pyrite, domin cewa manufar da yin burodi tanda, a cikin abin da ake kira "fluidized gado". A mataki na biyu ya shafi cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na sulfur dioxide zuwa sulfur oxide (VI), kuma a cikin na uku mataki ne da shiri na oleum, wanda aka jefa a kan tankuna da aika wa abokan ciniki.

sulfuric acid samar nitrous Hanyar bai samu fadi da yin amfani saboda kasa tsarki fitarwa samfurin, haka iyakance ta yin amfani.

Ko da kuwa da dabaru da kuma hanyoyin da shiri, samar da sulfuric acid bukatar masana'antun biya karin da hankali ga kiyaye muhalli.