Plastids iya zama daban-daban: iri, tsari da aiki

Mutane da yawa wajen sanin abin da plastids daga makaranta. A cikin shakka daga o ce a shuka Kwayoyin, da plastids iya zama daban-daban siffofi, masu girma dabam da kuma cika daban-daban ayyuka a cikin cell. Wannan labarin ya tuna da ku da tsarin da plastids, sai jikunansu su da kuma ayyuka na wanda ya riga ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare, kuma zai zama da amfani ga kowa sha'awar ilmin halitta.

tsarin

A hoton da ke ƙasa na nuna wani mai Schematic tsarin da plastids a cell. Ko da kuwa da tsari, shi yana da waje da kuma ciki membrane, wani m aiki, stroma - analogue cytoplasm ribosomal jigidar halittar DNA enzymes.

A chloroplast akwai musamman Tsarin - grana. Grana thylakoids kafa daga - Tsarin, kama da woje. Thylakoids suna da hannu a cikin kira na ATP da oxygen.

A chloroplast sitaci granules aka kafa a sakamakon photosynthesis.

Leucoplasts ba gashin. Sun yi ba yanzu thylakoids, ba su dauki bangare a photosynthesis. Mafi yawa daga leucoplasts mayar da hankali a cikin tushe da kuma tushen da shuka.

Chromoplasts an hada da sia droplets - Tsarin dauke da lipids zama dole don samar da ƙarin makamashi tsarin plastids.

Plastids iya zama daban-daban da launuka, masu girma dabam da kuma siffofi. Da girmansu Range tsakanin 5-10 microns. A siffar ne yawanci zagaye ko m, amma zai iya zama wani.

iri plastids

Plastids iya zama colorless (leucoplasts), kore (chloroplast), rawaya ko orange (chromoplasts). Yana bada chloroplast na shuka bar kore.

Wani irin plastids, chromoplasts, shi ne alhakin da rawaya, ja, ko orange launi.

Colorless plastids a cell da aiki na gina jiki ajiya. Leucoplasts suna kunshe a cikin fats, sitacin, sunadarai, kuma enzymes. Lokacin da shuka yana bukatar ƙarin makamashi a raba sitaci monomers - glucose.

Leucoplasts karkashin wani yanayi (da hasken rana ko ta ƙara sunadarai) za a iya tuba a cikin chloroplast, chloroplast ya canza kama zuwa chromoplasts, a lokacin da chlorophyll da aka halakar da kuma a canza launi pigments fara mamaye chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin ko xanthophyll. Wannan canji ne m, a cikin kaka, lokacin da ganye da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa canji launi saboda halakar chlorophyll pigments kuma bayyananen chromoplasts.

ayyuka

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, plastids iya zama daban-daban, da kuma su yi aiki a cikin shuka cell dangane da iri-iri.

Leucoplasts ana amfani da farko don ajiya na gina jiki da kuma shuka rayuwa support saboda da ikon adana da kuma haduwa da sunadarai, lipids, enzymes.

Chloroplast taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari na photosynthesis. Tare da taimako na mayar da hankali pigment chlorophyll a cikin plastids na carbon dioxide daukan wuri da kuma hira da ruwa kwayoyin a glucose da oxygen kwayoyin.

Chromoplasts godiya ga haske launuka jawo hankalin kwari domin pollination. Nazarin da ayyuka na wadannan plastids ne har yanzu gudana.