The kabilu da jama'ar na Rasha. Mutanen Rasha

A halin yanzu, Rasha mukamansu farko a duniya cikin sharuddan ƙasar yankin. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya nufin cewa Rasha yawan jama'a a lambobi da kuma ya haddasa amai, a tsakanin sauran ƙasashe. Gaskiyar cewa wani gwaji na ƙasa shagaltar da kufai matakan da taiga, kamar yadda mafi m yankunan na Siberia. Saboda haka, yawan yawa na Rasha shi ne da nisa daga kasancewa a saman matsayi a duniya.

Rasha yawan Manuniya

Kamar yadda na farko manyan sikelin-ƙidaya a 1897, da yawan Rasha yawan ne a kan 67,4 mutane miliyan. Wadannan mutane ne daban-daban da kabilu da kuma jinsi. Yafi mamaye da kyauyen. Dalilin wannan kuwa shi ne ci gaban da noma da masana'antu da kuma noma. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda irin wannan manyan birane kasance kaɗan. Mun rayu a cikin su yafi sana'a da kuma 'yan kasuwa.

A rubuce-rubuce kudi a farkon karni na 20th, kasar ya cika fuska low. Kawai 21% na mutane suna da akalla makarantar firamare. By addini yawan statistics nuna cewa, yawancin mutane a Rasha a wancan lokacin sun Orthodox (game da 70%). Sauran na ga irin wannan addinai kamar Musulunci, Katolika da kuma addinin yahudawa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa uku bariki na yawan mutane manoma. Yawan tsakiyar aji ya kamar 10.7%, 'yan kasashen waje - har zuwa 6.6%, Cossack - dan kadan fiye da 2%, manya - 1.5%, da dai sauransu ...

A tsakiyar 1920 da muhimmancin Rasha ta yawan fara sa steadily positive. Saboda haka, a 1926 da kasar ta yawan kasance game da 101 miliyan. A farkon yakin duniya na II, yawan mutanen da a Rasha wuce miliyan 110 a karshen tashin -. Game da 97,5 miliyan Wannan ne kawai a dukan tarihi na Rasha Federation wani gagarumin raguwar da YAWAN JAMA'A kasar .. Kuma kawai shekaru 10 daga baya halin da ake ciki ya stabilized. By 1955, yawan na Rasha yawan sake kai matakin na 110 mutane miliyan. Its alƙaluma ganiya na kasar jira a 1995. Yawan ya kamar 148,5 mutane miliyan. A cikin wadannan shekaru 15 da akwai wani kadan dakushe yi saboda da taro ƙaura daga 'yan asalin mutane a kasashen turai. A cikin duka domin wannan lokaci Rasha ya bar fiye da miliyan 6 mutane.

A ranar, da Rasha yawan ne daidai 146,3 miliyan. Pers.

yawan yawa

Labarin kasa na Rasha yawan ne sosai bambancin da m fadin batutuwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin mazaunan sun mayar da hankali a yankin alwatika tsakanin St. Petersburg, Irkutsk da Sochi. Sa - wani m sauyin yanayi da kuma tabbatacce tattalin arziki bango. Don arewa na wannan yankin da aka mamaye permafrost, kuma zuwa kudu - da m hamada.

Yawan yawa ne daya daga cikin na karshe wurare a cikin duniya daukan Siberia. Wannan yankin ne zuwa gida akalla miliyan 29 mutane. Wannan shi ne kawai a karo na biyar na daukacin jama'ar na Rasha. Kuma daga Siberia yanki ne kashi uku na Rasha Federation. A mafi densely lugar yankunan ne band Derbent, Sochi da Ufa da Moscow.

A Far East akwai wani high yawa a ko'ina cikin Trans-Siberian hanya. Shi ne birane kamar Omsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk da sauransu. A ƙãra yawan yawa lura a yankin na ƙirƙira Coal Basin. Duk wadannan yankuna jawo hankalin mazauna tattalin arziki isa yabo.

Statistics nuna jama'ar na Rasha Federation, da most alƙaluma da karfin da aka nuna a cikin Metropolitan yankunan da manyan harufai da m jamhuriyoyin. Abin lura shi ne cewa yankunan karkara ƙasar a kowace shekara sauri emptying saboda muhallinsa na gida mazauna a manyan birane.

Population kuzarin kawo cikas

Modern Rasha - wani yanki inda yawan karuwa ne yafi saboda da gagarumin komowar ruwa na yawon ci-rani daga kasashen makwabta a search na ci gaba. Gaskiyar cewa a Rasha a lokacin da aka alama alƙaluma da rikicin. A haihuwa kudi kawai ya wuce darajar 1.5. Layi daya ga wannan, akwai catastrophically high mace-mace kudi. A dalilin wannan ne da dama aka gyara. Bisa kididdigar da, fiye da rabin mutuwar faruwa saboda cututtukan zuciya, game da 15% - daga ciwon daji da kuma nasa sakamakon, fiye da 4% - na ciki sashin jiki hannu.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Rasha bautarka daya daga cikin wurare na farko a duniya a yawan mutuwar saboda waje haddasawa (14.5% karin). Wannan shi ne sama da kudi na wasu kasashe a Turai 6 sau. Mafi yawa daga cikin mutuwar faruwa a hatsarori, ciki har da a wurin aiki. A kowace shekara game da 6000 mutane aka kashe. Mace-mace minors Russia sa a 5% na jimlar.
A 2006, an haife shi a kasar na miliyan 1.5 yara. A m rabo ya tashi zuwa 10.4 maki. Duk da haka, mace-mace da aka fiye da miliyan 2.1 mutane. Guda biyu tare da hijirarsa kudi na jama'ar na Rasha Federation rage ta kusan 0.7 miliyan. Mazaunan. A wannan shekara an alama da wani kadan m Trend in rayuwar jama'a, wanda ya 66,8 shekaru. Kuma duk da haka shi ne quite low idan aka kwatanta da sauran saman kasashen Turai.

A shekara ta 2007, Rasha ta yawan tsarin ya halartar canje-canje m. A sakamakon taro hijirarsa na kasar shiga fiye da kwata na miliyan mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Yana yiwuwa a rage backlog na Rasha alƙaluma. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mafi girma haihuwa rates aka farko rubuce a cikin Magadan yankin.

A 2008 da kuma 2009. hijirarsa girma cika wa a kan 70% na yawan asarar da na al'umma daga cikin kudi na mace-mace. The adadin haihuwa ya wuce dokin miliyan 1.7 yara, kai 12,3 rabo. Wannan tabbatacce Trend aka lura a 67 yankuna na kasar. Layi daya ga wannan aka hankali ya karu overall rayuwa a cikin yankuna.

A shekarar 2012, mace-mace da kuma haihuwa rates sa ran baje a kusa da 1.9 miliyan. A wannan yanayin, da karuwa da Baƙi da kai dokin 300 dubu. A shekarar 2013, adadin haihuwa ya rinjãya a kan mutuwar: 1.9 da 1,87 miliyan. Halitta yawan girma da aka rajista, a 43 yankuna na Tarayya.

A 2014, adadin haihuwa wuce mutuwa kudi ne 33,7 dubu mutane. Shan la'akari da yawan jama'a na Crimea totaled 143,7 miliyan. Mazaunan.

Sadaukar da urbanization

A cikin shekaru karni yankunan karkara yawan Rasha ya rage da sau 4. By 1914, a cikin karkata daga kauyuka da kuma yawan jama'ar da 82,5% na mutane a 2014 - kasa da 26%. Yau, babban yawan Rasha - mazaunan birane da garuruwa.

Babban dalilin wannan karuwa ne na din-din-din tattalin arziki siyasa na Tarayyar Soviet. A lokacin daga shekara ta 1929 zuwa 1939. a yankunan karkara da aka gudanar m collectivization da kuma masana'antu na al'umma. A farkon matakai na sake fasalin kasar ta girgiza mai tsanani yunwa, amma daga baya a kan dukan ƙasar da Tarayyar Soviet akwai wani gagarumin karuwa a masana'antu kansu. A cikin marigayi 1940s, da yankunan karkara na yawan fara a hankali matsawa zuwa birnin a search na mafi rayuwa.

Rage urbanization kudi da aka lura a cikin tsakiyar 1960s kuma a 1980s. Na dogon lokaci da kudi ya ba fiye da 1.5%. Riga a wancan lokacin, a birnin yawan kasance a kusa da 74% na jimlar yawan mutanen kasar. A tsawon shekaru, har yau halin da ake ciki bai canza ba. A kashi na Rasha urbanization ne daidai da 74,2%. Shi ne game da 106,7 mutane miliyan. Lokacin da lambar wuya ya wuce 39 da miliyan. Mazaunan a yankunan karkara. Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar da aka wakilta a cikin Metropolitan yankunan. A lokacin, a lokacin da 15 birane fiye da miliyan 1 da mazaunanta. Moscow fi jerin (12.1 miliyan. Pers.), Biye da St. Petersburg (5.1 miliyan. Pers.). A birane kamar Novosibirsk, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Perm, Novgorod, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Rostov kuma Volgograd, yawan Figures ne a cikin kewayon daga 1 zuwa mutane miliyan 1.5.

A bambancin da mutãnensu

Yau, da kabilanci da addini, abun da ke ciki na Rasha ya hada da daruruwan al'umma da kuma suna da cikakken nuna a cikin kundin tsarin mulki. game da mutane 200 da suke zaune a kasar. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa al'adu, hadisai da kuma addini.

Babban kabilanci mutane na Rasha - Rasha. Bisa ga sakamakon babban-sikelin ƙidaya a 2010 wannan al'umma bautarka kusan 81% na jimlar yawan mutanen kasar. Shi ne fiye da 111 mutane miliyan. All sauran kasashe suke kunshe a cikin sauran 19.1%. Abin lura shi ne cewa a kowace shekara da yawan Rasha a Rasha babu makawa da dama. A cikin shekaru 12 da shekaru, yawan kabilu taro rage ta kusan miliyan 5 mutane. Bi da bi, a lokacin da rahoto lokaci ya kasance wani gagarumin karuwa a yawon ci-rani daga nahiyar Asiya.

A cikin shekaru 10 da shekaru, Rasha ya koma mafi Kyrgyzstan, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Circassians da Kumyk. The riba na farko da dukkan sanya fiye da 22.5%. Layi daya ga wannan, akwai wani gagarumin dakushe wasu Turai al'ummai. Wannan jerin hada da irin al'ummai matsayin Finns, Dogayen sanda, Ukrainians, kuma Belarusians Karels. A mafi yawan korau farko memba (-40.5%).

The most yawan al'ummai (a kan mutane miliyan 1) ne Rasha, Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Chechens da Armenia. Kowace daga cikin wadannan kabilu ne dauke da wani key kashi na kafuwar Rasha al'umma.

A 'yan asalin yawan - Rasha

A kabilanci mutane na Rasha shi ne a gabashin Slavs, wanda ya rayu a kan ƙasa na Rasha tun a tarihi mai nisa. Mafi yawa daga cikin Rasha yawan ne a Rasha, amma manyan sassan duniya suna kuma lura a Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus da kuma Amurka. Wannan shi ne mafi girma Turai kabila. A lokacin, duniya yana da fiye da 133 miliyan Rasha. Mafiya yawa su ne Orthodox Kiristoci.

A Rasha akwai fiye da 111 miliyan Rasha. Su mayar da hankali a duk yankuna na kasar, daga birane zuwa kauyuka. A ranar, da Rasha mutane a matsayin al'umma na al'ummai ne game da 77,7% na jimlar Rasha yawan jama'a. Mafi yawa daga cikin wakilan da kabilun da suke zaune a Moscow - game 9.9 mutane miliyan. A dab da babban birnin kasar yanki ne kawai a kan 6.2 miliyan. Rasha. A gaba most yankuna ne da Krasnodar yankin, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sverdlovsk yankin. Akwai total yawan game da miliyan 16 Rasha.

Abin lura shi ne cewa a cikin wannan kasa kungiyar ta gano wani yawan ethnographic subclasses. A Karelia, da Rasha, mutane kira Vodlozero ko zaonezhanom, a kan tekun na Barents Sea - Pomorie, a cikin Komi Jamhuriyar - tsilemom. Duk wannan shi ne sunan da mutãnen farkon wanda ya rayu a baya a cikin ƙasa na Rasha. Ina mamaki da abin da sunansa yake, kuma Rasha daga cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na kasar. Alal misali :. Katskari, freeholders, Polekh, Meshcheryakov, Sayan, Tuca, Sevryuk, tudovlyane, talagai dai sauransu. A cikin Caucasus da kuma cikin yankin Asia kasashe ware subclasses kamar Don Cossacks, Molokans Kamchadals Kerzhakov, Siberians, magina, Gora Markovtsev da sauransu.

Ya kamata mu ma ambaci gauraye kungiyoyin, misali, wata Rasha Bayahude. Duk da haka, a cikin m kimiyya takardunku wannan rabuwa ba ya wanzu.

Tatar mutane

The kabilu da jama'ar na Rasha a 3.7% da aka ƙaddara da wakilan da Turkic-magana kabilu. Tatars rayuwa, yafi a cikin Volga yankin, Siberia, da Urals da kuma cikin yankin Asia. Kwanan nan, wani babban yawan bayanan kula a cikin Far East. A cikin duka a ƙasar Rasha fiye da miliyan 5.3 Tatars rayuwa. Wannan shi ne na biyu mafi girma kabila na Rasha Federation.

Tatars za a iya raba 3 babbar yankin kungiyoyin: da Volga-Ural, Astrakhan kuma Siberian. Mafi yawa daga cikin wakilan da mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin Jamhuriyar Tatarstan (fiye da miliyan 2.8 mutane). Sha'awa, da na kasa da harshen nasa ne da aji na Altai, da yaruka iya zama da dama: Kazan, Mishar kuma Siberian.

Mai Tatars ne 'yan Sunna. A rare lokuta, professed basu yarda da Orthodoxy. Tatar kabila jera kunshe a wasu daga cikin manyan subethnos: Kazanly, Mishari, priuraltsy, kasimovtsy, Siberians, teptyari, Kryashens da dai sauransu Kadan gagarumin yawan subgroups. M da Nagaybaks. Sha'awa, da karshen ne Orthodox Kiristoci.

Ukrainian al'umma

A kabilanci Rasha yawan ne 1.35% na West Slavic sassan duniya. Fice wakilan al'umma la'akari Rusyns da malorusy. Yau, da kabila da ake kira Ukrainians. Bayan Rasha da kuma Dogayen sanda ne mafi yawa Slavic mutane a duniya. Yawanci kasance a cikin Ukraine, amma a mahimmin juzu'in ne a Rasha, da kuma Arewacin Amirka.

Masana tarihi koma zuwa Ukrainians irin ethnographic subgroups kamar yadda Polishchuk, Boyko, Lemko da Hutsul. Mafi yawansu ba su zaune a yankunan dake yammacin Rasha. A halin yanzu, suna duk a hade a cikin al'umma guda. A Rasha akwai fiye da 1.9 miliyan Ukrainians. . Daga cikin wadannan, kusan 160 dubu live a Tyumen yankin, 154 dubu -. A Moscow, kadan kasa da 120 dubu -. A yankin ɓangare na babban birnin kasar. A yankuna a kan yawan Ukrainian mutane - Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Omsk, Orenburg, Primorye da sauransu. Abin lura shi ne cewa 'yan kabilar ƙasa na al'umma an dauke su Turai ta biyu mafi girma a bayan da Rasha. Tarihi, da ya rufe fiye da 600 dubu murabba'in kilomita

Bashkir al'umma

Wannan Turkic mutane zaune da yankin Rasha daga tsakiyar zamanai. Bashkirs mafi yawa rayuwa a Rasha. Su al'adu da tarihi da cibiyar da aka dauke su Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan. Duk 'yan asalin mutane magana a Turkic-Altaic yare.

Wadannan 'yan tsirarun kabilu a Rasha sa up game da 1.1% na jimlar yawan. Adadin su ne dan kadan kasa da miliyan 1.6. Mafi yawan wa Bashkirs rayuwa a ƙasarsa ta kasa (74%). Fiye da 160.000 dake a cikin Chelyabinsk yankin. Kuma ya karu da yawan Bashkirs lura a Tyumen, Orenburg, Perm da Sverdlov.

Har farkon karni na 20th, duk kasa da aka rubuta da harshen Larabci ya, sa'an nan an fassara shi a Latin kuma QFontDatabase. Tun zamanin da, Bashkirs ne mabiya Sunni Islam. Babban zama na yawan har yanzu a matsayin shanu. A daya hannun, a 'yan shekarun nan a Bashkortostan bikin da ci gaban aikin gona, kiwon kaji da kiwon kifi. Namiji ɓangare na yawan ne sau da yawa tsunduma a farauta. Mata, bi da bi, bred ƙudan zuma dukan plantation.

Daga crafts suna da raya sakar gidansa, kõre da mai walƙiya, kafet sakar gidansa, fata datsa. A babban ɓangare na riba dogara da karfe masana'antu. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa irin wannan aiki Bashkirs sun shahara ko a cikin 16-17 karni.

A tsawon shekaru, hanyar rayuwa na gida mutane ya canja da cika fuska. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai kauyuka inda Semi-nomadic hanyar rayuwa ne kiyaye.

A kai-shelar mutane Chuvash

The kabilu da jama'ar na Rasha ya hada da ba wai kawai da aka jera, amma wasu kasashe. Bisa ga latest ƙidaya, kasar gida ce game da miliyan 1.5 Chuvash. Waje na Rasha, akwai kawai game da dubu 50 'yan asalin wakilan kasa. Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar dogara ne a Chuvashia. Don kwanan wata, 4 shared yankin subgroups. A yamma da Turi ya rayu a arewa - enchi da kudu - Anatra, a gabashin steppe yankunan - Hirt. National harshe - Chuvash. Yana da wani cakuda Turkish kuma Bulgarian. Za a iya samun dama yaruka, dangane da yanayin sadaukar.

The main addini ne Orthodox Kristanci. A qananan kashi na yawan bãyukansu zuwa ga Musulunci. A gabas, da Jamhuriyar zauna wani karamin kauye, inda kawai addini ne tsoho shamanism. All Chuvash sosai tsõron hadisai da kuma al'adu, da na kasa holidays.

Babban tattalin arziki kansu a cikin yankin ne dabbõbi kiwo. aladu suna girma a kasar, da tumaki, da shanu, da manyan tsuntsaye. A kudancin yankunan da kiyaye tarihi hadisai na doki kiwo. Chuvashia ne mai arziki a cikin nama da kiwo kayayyakin. Local kayayyakin da ake fitar dashi yanzu fiye da kan iyakoki na Jamhuriyar. Overall, noma, ma'aikata fiye da 20% na Chuvash.

Kwarjini da kuma hadisai na Chechens

Da farko, da mutanen da aka kira Nokhchi. Yau, da kabilu da jama'ar na Rasha da 1% ne zuriyar tsoho tudun-kabilan - da Chechens. Mafiya yawa na 'yan asalin al'umma ta dogara ne a Arewa Caucasus. A tsakiyar zamanai zaunar Nokhchi irin wannan tarihi yankin na Dagestan, Khasavyurt kamar, Kazbek, Kizilyurtovskoya, Novolak, da dai sauransu A total number of wakilan jama'a ne 1,55 mutane miliyan a Rasha -. 1.4 miliyan.

Kafin 1917 juyin juya halin Chechens kira Nakh al'ummai. Yana da aka hada da Ingush Wizbang da Kistinians. Yau, 84,5% daga cikin wakilan da kabilun da suke zaune a Chechnya da kuma sauran - a Dagestan da kuma Ingushetia. A Moscow, akwai game da 14.500 zuriyarsa Nokhchi. Wannan shi ne dan kadan fiye da 1% na jimlar yawan.

Wasu masu tarihi sun yi imani da cewa Chechnya al'umma ya ci gaba a sakamakon ciki bunqasar na Vainakh yawan jama'a a cikin wani zamani daga 16th to 18th karni. A wannan lokaci akwai wani aiki Addinin Musulunci na yankin. Mai Vainakh fara gano dutsen ƙasa. A hankali kafa wani addini da kuma al'adu bango na Chechens. A lokacin, to tabbatacce gane duk kabilanci dalilai Vainakh ba zai yiwu ba.

Armenian Diaspora

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi mutãnen farkon ya na da Indo-Turai iyali. A duniyar Armenia mai girma da yawa, amma suka zauna unevenly, don haka jimlar yawan ne ko da a rubuce wuya a gano. Mafi yawansu ba su a cikin Armenia, Karabakh Jamhuriyar, Georgia, Lebanon, Abkhazia, Jordan da kuma Rasha Federation. Wadannan 'yan tsirarun kabilu a Rasha sa up game da 0.8% na al'ummar jihar. Shi ne kusan miliyan 1.2 mutane. Armenia a Rasha mafi yawansu duk a cikin yankin Krasnodar, da Stavropol Territory, a cikin Moscow yankin da kuma a Rostov. A cikin birane, da wakilan da wannan kabila tana da kimanin 98%.

Dako protoarmyanskogo yare sun al'ummai brigs da Luvians. A zamani ji na kasa da harshen da Armenia an dauke tarihi al'adunmu na zamanin d kabilu na tsaunuka. Own al'ada a sauran sassan duniya an kusan tafi. Ko da a cikin ta farko Millennium BC. e. Armenia mayar da su cikin ƙasa Luvians da Hurrians, aron da al'adu. Duk da haka, wasu masana kimiyya sun yarda da cewa magabatan wannan kabila da aka migrating da tsoho Helenawa.

sauran al'ummai

A lokacin, da kabilu da jama'ar na Rasha da aka diluted, ba kawai wakilan da Turks da nagortsami, amma kuma da yawa wasu diasporas. Alal misali, Avar - da mutane, wanda aka hada da wannan mutãnen farkon a matsayin Andi, Archi da tsezy. Su lambar a Rasha ne fiye da 0.9 mutane miliyan.

Ya kamata zaži kuma kabilun kamar Kazakhs Mordvinians, Dargins Azerbaijanis, Mari, Udmurts, Ossetins, Belarusians Kumyks da t. D. Su duka rabo daga Rasha janar yawan ne game da 3.7%. The kabilu na Rasha Federation kuma sun hada da Kabardians, Yakuts, Buryats, Moldavians, Uzbeks, Komi, Gypsies, Kirghiz, Circassians, da kuma daruruwan sauran mutane.

Yahudawa a cikin ƙasar, akwai ba kamar yadda da yawa kamar yadda a cikin farkon 2000s. Adadin su ne 156 800 mutane. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, a lokacin da na karshe ƙidaya, da yawa wakilan wannan kabila a cikin kasa shafi alama "Rasha Bayahude".