Fahimi kimiyya: tarihi, m-akai, batu, manufofin da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike

Abin da zai iya zama more kowa a cikin tunani, harsuna, yana koyarwa game da wucin gadi hankali da kuma ka'idar ilimi? Duk na sama nasarar hadawa fahimi kimiyya. Wannan ha] in gwiwar filin da aka karatu da fahimi da hankulansu matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa na mutane da dabbobi.

History of Science fahimi

Wani abun lura da mai girma da masana falsafa da Plato da kuma Aristotle sun sha'awar a cikin yanayin mutum sani. Mutane da yawa ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma balanci zato sau na zamanin d Girka da aka sa a gaba a kan wannan batu. A XVII karni Faransa lissafi da falsafa Rene Dekart popularized kimiyyar lissafi wasu fahimtar wannan kimiyya, ya ce cewa jiki da tunani na dabba ne m abubuwa.

Marubucin na da manufar "fahimi kimiyya" a cikin 1973 ya zama Christopher Longuet-Higgins, wanda ya yi karatu wucin gadi m. Journal of fahimi Science da aka kafa a 'yan shekarun baya. Bayan wannan taron, fahimi kimiyya ya zama mai zaman kanta shugabanci.

La'akari da sunayen daga cikin shahararrun masu bincike a cikin filin:

• Dzhon Serl Ya halitta wani tunani gwajin da ake kira "Sin dakin".
• Physiologist Dzheyms Makklelland, binciko kwakwalwa.
• Steven Pinker - wani gwani a fagen gwaji tunani.
• Dzhordzh Lakoff - harsuna bincike.

zamani fahimi kimiyya

Masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin su tabbatar da in yi dangane da kwakwalwa Physiology da hankulansu mamaki, ta amfani da na gani. Idan a baya ƙarni na mutum sani da aka ba ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi, amma yanzu shi ne kunshe a cikin binciken na asali ayyuka na fahimi kimiyya.

A ci gaba da wannan rukunan matsayin dukan dogara a kan fasaha ci gaba. Alal misali, Dabarar, da sabuwar dabara wanda matukar yin tasiri a kara ci gaba da zama da kuma ci gaban fahimi kimiyya. Ana dubawa yarda mana mu ga a cikin kwakwalwa, saboda haka, ya yi nazarin tafiyar matakai na ta aiki. Masana kimiyya sun ce a kan lokaci, fasaha ci gaba za su taimaka mutãne bayyana asirin mu tuna. Alal misali, hulda da kwakwalwa da kuma tsakiya m tsarin.

Subject al'amari, manufofin da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike a fahimi kimiyya

Duk da cewa dangantaka da da zuciyar dan Adam, da XX karni, shi ne kawai wani zato, saboda yana da lokaci zuwa jarraba ka'idar a yi ya kasance ba zai yiwu ba. Da ra'ayoyi a kan kwakwalwa suna kafa a kan tushen da aro bayanai game da wucin gadi m, m gwaje-gwajen da Physiology na sama tsakiya m tsarin.

Symbolism da connectionism - gargajiya da hanyoyin da lissafi, yin tallan kayan kawa fahimi tsarin. A farko hanyar dogara ne a kan ra'ayin da kama da mutum ke tunani tare da wata kwamfuta da ciwon tsakiyar aiki naúra da kuma sarrafa bayanai qarqashinsu. Connectionism sabawa symbolism, bayyana cewa incompatibility na data neurobiology na kwakwalwa aiki. Human tunani za a iya kara kuzari da wucin gadi na tsarin jijiya networks aiwatar da bayanai a lokaci guda.

Fahimi Science a matsayin laima lokaci da aka dauke E. S. Kubryakovoy a 2004 shekara, kamar yadda koyarwar hada da wani yawan hulda batutuwa:

• Hikimar hankali.
• Abubawan da fahimi tunani.
• Wucin gadi hankali.
• Fahimi harsuna, ethology da Anthropology.
• Neurophysiology, ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi da kuma neuroscience.
• Aiwatuwa fahimi kimiyya.
• Neurolinguistics da psycholinguistics.

Hikimar hankali kamar yadda daya daga cikin aka gyara daga fahimi kimiyya

The abu na nazarin wannan horo ne halaye na sani da kuma dangantakarsa da zahiri (shafi tunanin mutum da kaddarorin da hankali). A American Falsafa Richard Rorty kira wayewar cewa koyar kawai da amfani a falsafa.

Akwai babba yawan matsalolin tasowa daga yunkurin amsa wannan tambaya na abin da sani ne. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci batutuwa da cewa fahimi kimiyya karatu tare da wannan horo - shi ne nufin mutum. The jari-hujja yi imani da cewa sani - bangare na zahiri da kuma duniya kewaye da mu ne gaba daya hõrarru cikin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi. Saboda haka, wanda zai iya jayayya da cewa mutum hali ne batun kimiyya. Sanadiyar haka, muka ba su free.

Sauran masana falsafa, gami da Kant hada da, gamsu da cewa gaskiya ba zai iya zama duka-duka da dogara a kan kimiyyar lissafi. Proponents wannan ra'ayi yi imani da gaskiya da 'yanci na sakamakon wajibi bukata ta dalilin.

fahimi Psychology

Wannan horo da karatunsa da fahimi matakai na mutum. M Harsashen na fahimi Science ƙunshi bayani a kan memory, ji, da hankali, kwatanci, ma'ana tunani, da ikon yin yanke shawara. New nazarin hira bayanai dangane da kama sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin da mutum fahimi tafiyar matakai. Mafi na kowa ra'ayi ne da psyche kamar na'urar da siginar hira iyawa. Ciki fahimi makircinsu, kuma kwayoyin aiki a lokacin koyo na taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan rukunan. Wadannan da tsari biyu suna da ikon kama, ajewa da fitarwa.

fahimi ethology

Horo da karatunsa da m aiki na tunani da kuma dabbobi. Da yake jawabi game da ethology, ba zai yiwu ba ba zuwa ga tunani a kan Charles Darwin. Turanci halittu jãyayya ba kawai game da kasancewar tausaya, da hankali, ikon koyi da kuma koyi daga dabbobi, amma kuma da tattaunawa. The kafa ethology a shekarar 1973 ya zama ta Nobel a Physiology Konrad Lorenz. Scientist gano ban mamaki dabbobi yayin da ikon aika da bayanai zuwa juna, sakamakon a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa.

Stiven Vayz, wani farfesa a Jami'ar Harvard, a cikin aikinsa da halayyar suna "Break keji" amince da cewa duniyarmu daya ne kawai dabba iya yin music, gina wani roka, da kuma warware ilimin lissafi matsaloli. Shi ne, ba shakka, da mutum m. Amma ba kawai mutane za su iya yi tuntuɓe ne, kuskure, tunani, da sauransu. Wannan shi ne "mu ƙaramin 'yan'uwansa" da hanyoyin sadarwa, xa'a, norms na hali da kuma ado ji. Ukrainian Academician O. Neurosciences Krištáľ lura da cewa zuwa ranar, behaviorism an shawo kan, da dabbobi an daina gani a matsayin "mai rai mutummutumi."

fahimi graphics

Koyo ne hadawa da dabaru da kuma hanyoyin da gabatar da Paint matsaloli domin samun ambato game da yarjejeniya ko yanke shawara a gaba ɗayansa. Fahimi kimiyya ya shafi wadannan dabaru a wucin gadi m tsarin, da za su iya maida wani matani bayanin irin ayyuka a cikin alama da misali.

DA Pospelov kafa uku na farko ayyuka na kwamfuta graphics:

• ilimi model na ilimi, wanda zai iya zama na abubuwa da ayyana mai ma'ana da kuma m tunani.
• na gani na data cewa ba tukuna zai yiwu to bayyana a cikin kalmomi;
• gano hanyoyin da za a iya canzawa daga alama da hotunan da halitta matakai, boye a baya su kuzarin kawo cikas.