A ɓangaren da na Urals: ƙayyadaddu da peculiarities

Bisa ga kundin sani, da Ural Mountains ne a tsarin da ya rabu da Gabas Turai da kuma West Siberian filayen. Its tsawon wuce 2,000 kilomita, da kuma bisa ga wasu kafofin, shi ne ma fiye da 2500 km (Mugodzhary ba jeri zuwa kudu kuma Karja-Khoi a arewa). Da nisa daga dutsen iyaka ne 40-200 km.

Janar halaye

A Ural Mountains ne daga cikin mafi tsoho a duniya. Wannan ne ya sa suke ƙananan fiye da Andes ko Tibet. Age Urals yana da fiye da miliyan 600 da shekaru. A wannan wajen dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwa, iska da kuma landslides ridges ya gaske hallaka. A ɓangaren da na Urals ne sosai musamman a matsayin da siyasa da tattalin arziki wuraren view. Amma more on cewa a kasa. Yankin ne mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai, an samu adibas na jan karfe, titanium, magnesium, mai, da kwal, haƙar da sauransu. A cikin duka, akwai game da sittin malamai m na ores da kuma ma'adanai.

Tarihi na samu

Bisa ga hukuma tarihi, da Ural Mountains aka gano a zamanin da. A daidai wannan lokaci, masana kimiyya koma zuwa records game da su a cikin Greek texts. Sun yi magana da duwãtsu Rhipaean (ko Riphaeus) Imaus da Hyperborean. Yau ba shi yiwuwa domin sanin abin da wani ɓangare na Urals masana kimiyya ce Roma da kuma zamanin tsohuwar Girka, domin su labari richly kõre da mai walƙiya tare da daban-daban tatsuniyoyi, Legends, kuma ko da tsabagen tatsuniya. Su kansu sun ba ta kasance a wadannan wurare, amma ji game da su daga uku bakinka. Duk da haka, idan ka yi imani da tãtsũniyõyin mutãnen da suke zaune a cikin Urals, da mutane sun zauna a wannan ƙasa dogon kafin tasowar zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Daga baya Arab kafofin gaya game da kasar Yugra, inda mutane rayuwa Jurassic. Har ila yau a cikin Urals masana kimiyya siffantãwa kwatancin wannan kasashe kamar Bulgaria, Visa, Yajuji, Ma'jooj da sauransu. A duk Arab kafofin ce cewa wadannan yankuna sanaki wani sosai m mutane, saboda haka suna rufe to matafiya. Bugu da kari, su ma ambaci cikin matsananci yanayi na wadannan kasashe, wanda kuma za a iya fassara a cikin ni'imar da Urals. Duk da haka, duk da wadannan hujjoji, da Arab yan kasuwa rũgũguwar fita a nan kamar kwari a zuma, da kuma wannan ne saboda da yawa daga furs, kazalika da gishiri. Wadannan kayayyakin za a iya kira da babban kudin na tsakiyar zamanai, suka nakalto babu kasa da duwatsu masu daraja da zinariya. Rasha kafofin da'awar cewa, tun 12-13 ƙarni, wadannan wurare sun mu majagaba, wanda ya ba da sunan wani gida dutsen dutse. Amma tun da 17th karni tare da wani haske hannunka V. Tatishchev aka sani da Urals.

Turai ko Asiya

Yanzu bari mu dubi abin da su ne ɓangaren da na Urals. Wannan kunya ne na al'ada da iyaka tsakanin Turai da kuma Asiya, biyu mafi girma a tsarin Duniya ta ɓawon burodi, kazalika da most ruwa tare waha. A ɓangaren da na Urals ne da gaske musamman, shi za a iya kwatanta ta da Great Wall of China, kawai wannan bango gina ta yanayi. Ta raba mutane masu bambancin al'adu: gabashin da kuma yammacin mentalities. Ko da yake a wannan harka shi ne wuya a tantance abin da ya zo na farko. Ko "da dutse labule" ware yarda ka girma biyu amfanin gona, da kare su daga juna, ko duka biyu daga cikin mutanen da amfani to da na kowa tarihi da kuma falsafa dabi'u, kuma daga baya na Turai nahiyar da aka hõre waje tasiri, da kuma fundamentally canza kome. All dabi'u juya juye: da fari ya baki da baki - fari ... A wannan yanayin, mafi tsufa log ajiye Oriental al'ummai daga waje, maƙiyi ga lokaci kasancewa. Duk da haka, a cikin wani in duniyar nan, ba dutse shamaki ba zai daina "mulkin demokra] iyya dabi'u" da kuma liberalism hõre ta al'adar Turai. Kamar yadda ya ce a cikin talla? Idan ba ka yi amfani da foda "komowar ruwa," sa'an nan mu tafi zuwa gare ku? .. Kamar yadda ka gani, da musamman Gwargwadon wuri na Urals ne ba kawai da siyasa da tattalin arziki baya, amma kuma al'adu.

shimfiɗar jariri, da mutanen

Ural yankin da yawan birane, yawan jama'a, kazalika da tattalin arziki ikon da aka yanzu dauke biyu kawai ga Tsakiya. A ɓangaren da na Urals gudummawar da cewa shi ya zama wata halitta iyaka ga mutane da yawa migratory tãguwar ruwa. Saboda haka, Rasha explorers, motsi wajen gabas, kokarin nemi low-kwance yankunan da sauki kafa a cikin "Stone Belt" da kuma steppe mutãnensu daga Asian ɓangare na nahiyar, kuma sunã nẽman ta yamma da kuma fuskantar wannan da na halitta shãmaki cewa ya je kusa da shi daga kudu. Kuma da yawa daga cikinsu ma zauna a gindin Ural Mountains. Wannan bayyana kabilanci bambancin da yankin. Urals zama cikin shimfiɗar jariri, ga mutane da yawa daban daban. Shi ne daga ko'ina Arewa Eurasia tarwatsa jama'ar da Ural-Yukaghir harshen iyali. Yau aka mamaye Rasha yawan - 80%, amma a cikin Ural yankin ne ma gida da Bashkirs, Tatars, Udmurt, Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari, Komi-Permian, da sauransu.

Dubi taswira

Tattalin arziki da kuma halin da ake ciki Gwargwadon na Urals ne na musamman, kamar yadda aka located a kan iyakar ci gaban tattalin arziki (Turai) ɓangare na nahiyar da kuma albarkatun kasa (gabas). A sakamakon haka, da yankin ya lauye yanar gizo na hanyoyi, Railways, bututun da kuma ikon Lines. Duk wadannan hanyoyi danganta da Urals da Volga yankin, da Volga-Vyatka da kuma West Siberian yankuna na kasar, da kuma ma tare da Kazakhstan. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa yankin na Ural Mountains da Ural yankin ne ba quite guda. Bari mu ga abin da shi ne za a gane. Alal misali, dutsen jeri Subpolar da iyakacin duniya yankuna ba su kunshe a abun da ke ciki, amma ba haka ba ne a kan Piedmont filayen Urals (wannan ne m gefen Gabas Turai Bayyana) da kuma Trans (yammacin gefen West Siberian Bayyana).

All-Russian smithy

Ural ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin wuraren hako ma'adinai, masana'antu na duniya tamu. Ba abin mamaki ba, saboda akwai adibas na daraja da kuma Semi-duwatsu masu daraja, da kuma alexandrite aquamarine, garnets da sapphires, emeralds kuma yaƙũtu, Topaz, kuma dutse crystal, malachite da Jade. A gabashin gangara na Ural Mountains, wanda aka wakilta igneous kankara, sosai arziki a da dama tama ma'adanai. Saboda haka, godiya ga bude filayen da ba ferrous da ferrous karafa an pawned da kuma raya masana'antu na Urals. Copper, da baƙin ƙarfe, chromium, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, tutiya tama, platinum, zinariya - shi ne ba da cikakken jerin halitta larder, mai karfi a cikin wadannan manyan duwãtsu. Ya kamata a lura cewa geographically Ural kunya za a iya raba biyar sassa. Bari mu ɗan bincika kowane daga cikinsu.

A ɓangaren da na iyakacin duniya Urals

Wannan bangare na dutsen kewayon aka located a cikin Yamalo-Nenets cin gashin kanta Okrug da Komi Jamhuriyar. A iyakar yankunan wuce ta babban raba, wanda aka raba waha Likitan mata (gabas) da kuma Pechora (yamma). Stoke arewacin gangara lissafi ga Baidarata Bay Arctic Ocean. A iyakacin duniya Urals aka mamaye dutsen jeri tare da tsawo daga 800-1200 m, kuma mafi girma kololuwa (Mount Payer) kai 1,500 m. A gaskiya, ta asalin, wannan yanki daukan wani low fi Konstantinov Kamen (total 492 m). duwãtsu ƙwarai qara a kudancin shugabanci - har zuwa 1350 m Maximum tsawo na mayar da hankali a kudancin (game da 65 ° N ..), akwai yakan saman Mutane (1894 m.) - tsororuwar dukan Urals.

Tare da wannan latitud iyakacin duniya Ural muhimmanci kumbura - har zuwa 125 km - da kuma karya up cikin 5-6 a layi daya ridges. A kudu na wannan yanki nisa zuwa yamma a cikin shugabanci na Pechora koma Saber dutsen range (1425 m).

iyakacin duniya Urals

An fara daga yankin tsararru Saber kuma ƙare kokuwa Konzhakovskiy Kamen, da tsawo daga wanda 1569 m. Dukan wannan rabo kara daidai tare da Meridian zuwa 59 °. w., wanda kayyade ta Gwargwadon matsayi. Iyakacin duniya Urals kunshi yafi na biyu a tsaye ridges. Gabas ne watershed, shi ne aka sani da Poyasovoy Stone. West Ridge da aka sani ga wata biyu-gangarawa dutsen Telpos-Out, ko Stone na iskõki. Tsayinsa ne 1617 m. The mai tsayi landforms a iyakacin duniya Urals ba kowa, mafi yawan kololuwa yana da wani Dome siffar.

A ɓangaren da na tsakiya Urals

Wannan yankin ne halin da mafi ƙasƙanci kololuwa. Shi ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin 59 da 56 digiri arewa latitud. Tsananin arewa-kudu mikewa da dutsen bel aka maye gurbinsu da kudu-maso-gabas. Tare da ta Kudu, Sredniy Ural giant Forms wani baka da convex gefe suna fuskantar gabas, da kuma encloses Ufimskoe Filato (Eastern Rasha protrusion dandali). Its arewacin kan iyakar suna dauke duwãtsu Konzhakovsky Stone da Kosvinsky Kamen, da kuma kudancin - dutsen Utah (Chelyabinsk yankin). A kan talakawan, su tsawo ba ya wuce mita 800. Daga yamma zuwa ga duwãtsu na tsakiya Urals adjoining m Urals. A wannan climatically m yankin ga wani mutum fiye da iyakacin duniya. Ga ƙara da warmer lokacin bazaar. The talakawan zafin jiki a watan Yuli na Shefela na 16-18 °. A gindin duwãtsu a cikin arewa rufe kudancin taiga, kuma a kudu - gandun daji-steppe.

Yuzhnyy Ural

A peculiarity wannan yankin shi ne cewa a nan duwãtsu girma muhimmanci a sake. Alal misali, a saman Iremel yakan zuwa 1582 m, da tsawo Yamanatau - 1640 m Kasa Kudu Ural hada. Ridge fãra daga saman jurmala arewa latitud da kuma kara da rabo daga cikin Ural River kudu. Rarraba kunya Uraltau canja a cikin wani easterly shugabanci. Ga mamaye tsakiyar taimako irin. A gabas axial rabo wuce zuwa Zauralskaya, da kuma wani mai lankwasa ƙananan bayyana. A sauyin yanayi ne warmer fiye da a tsakiyar. Summer ne bushe da zafi iskõki. The talakawan zafin jiki a watan Yuli na Shefela na 20-22 °.

a ƙarshe

Bayani dalla-dalla na Gwargwadon wuri na Urals ne cewa shi ya ta'allaka ne a kan iyaka da kasashen Asiya da Turai sassa na kasar mu. Bugu da kari, fasali na ma'aunan kasa cigaban wannan kunya shafi na kwarai richness na albarkatun ma'adinai. A babban har, high-tsawo zone, bambanci gabashin da kuma yammacin sassa na Urals, da daban-daban kwatance na ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin wannan yankin na babban bambancin da tattalin arziki da kuma halitta wuri mai faɗi yankin.