Matrix - abin da yake da shi? iri matrices

A yau shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a sami wani wanda zai har yanzu dadin wani Crt duba ko da wani tsohon Crt talabijin. Wannan dabara da sauri da kuma nasarar kifar da gwamnatin da LCD model, wadda ake bisa ruwa lu'ulu'u. Amma babu kasa muhimmanci matrix. Mene ne ruwa lu'ulu'u da matrix? Duk wannan za ka koya daga wannan labarin.

prehistory

A karo na farko a cikin ruwa lu'ulu'u, duniya koya a 1888, lokacin da ya shahara botanist Friedrich Raynittser gano kasancewar m abubuwa a tsire-tsire. Ya yi mamaki cewa wasu abubuwa, da farko da ciwon crystalline tsarin lokacin tsanani da canja gaba daya dũkiyõyinsu.

Saboda haka, abu ne na farko mutnelo a zazzabi na 178 digiri Celsius, sa'an nan gaba daya tuba zuwa ga ruwa. Amma da aka gano bai kare a can. An gano cewa bakon ruwa a electromagnetic aboki bayyana kanta a matsayin crystal. A sa'an nan da kalmar 'ruwa crystal'.

The aiki manufa na wani LCD matrix

A wannan aikin, kuma tushen matrix. Mene ne Matrix? Wannan Multi-mai daraja lokaci. Daya daga kyawawan dabi'unsa - rubutu panel, LCD duba ko da allo na zamani TV. Yanzu mun gano, a kan abin da manufa aikinsu.

Kuma shi dogara ne a kan wata al'ada haske rabuwa. Idan ka tuna high-makaranta kimiyyar lissafi, shi kawai ya gaya cewa wasu abubuwa iya watsin haske daya kawai bakan. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa biyu polarizers 90 digiri kullum ba zai iya aika da haske. A cikin taron da aka located tsakanin wasu na'urar da za su iya juya da haske, za mu iya daidaita haske da kuma sauran sigogi. A general, wannan shi ne mai sauki matrix.

Sauki na'urar matrices

Al'ada LCD zai ko da yaushe kunshi da dama m sassan:

• backlight.
• Reflectors wanda samar da uniformity na haske da aka ambata a sama.
• Polarizers.
• A substrate sanya na gilashi, uwa wanda da conductive lambobi.
• A yawa na ruwa crystal sananne.
• Wani polarizer da substrate.

Kowane pixel irin wannan matrix an kafa daga ja, kore da kuma shudi pixels, da hade da wanda ya fitar da wani daga cikin samuwa launuka. Idan ka kunna duk a lokaci daya, sakamakon shi ne fari. Af, abin da yake da ƙuduri na matrix? Wannan yawan pixels a cikinta (1280x1024, misali).

Mene ne matrix?

A wani Sauki tsari, su ne m (m) da kuma aiki. M - mafi sauki a cikin pixels aka kunna a cikin jerin, daga layin zuwa line. Haka kuma, a yunkurin kafa samar da nuni da manyan diagonal shi ya bayyana cewa suna da disproportionate karuwa da tsawon conductors. A sakamakon haka, ba kawai muhimmanci ƙara da kudin, amma kuma kara irin ƙarfin lantarki, abu don kaifi karuwa a tsangwama. A m matrix haka za a iya amfani kawai a samar da m nuni da kananan diagonal.

Active jinsunan zaune a yanki, TFT, ba ka damar gudanar da kowane (!) Miliyoyin pixels akayi daban-daban. Gaskiyar cewa kowane pixel aiki mai raba transistor. Cell zuwa prematurely rasa cajin, to wanda aka kara a raba condenser. Hakika, a kudi na irin wannan makirci kasa akai-akai don rage martani lokaci na kowane pixel.

Ilmin Lissafi gaskata

A lissafi, matrix ne wani abu da ke rubuce a cikin wani tebur wanda shigarwar suna located a rarrabawa da layuka da kuma ginshikan. Ya kamata a lura da cewa matrices a general suna yadu amfani da kwakwalwa. A wannan nuni za a iya fassara a matsayin wani matrix. Tun da kowane pixel yana da wasu tsarawa. Kamar haka wani image cewa an kafa a kan wani kwamfyutar nuni, a matrix a cikin abin da Kwayoyin suna dauke da launi na kowane pixel.

Kowane darajar daukan up daidai 1 byte na memory. A kadan? Alas, amma ko da a wannan yanayin, kawai daya frame FullHD (1920 × 1080) zai zauna wata biyu MB. Kuma nawa sarari za ka bukatar ga film zuwa 90 minutes? Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa image aka matsa. Kato da muhimmanci shine determinant.

Af, abin da yake cikin determinant na matrix? Wannan polynomial hada abubuwa na wani square matrix irin wannan cewa da darajar da aka adana a cikin transposition da mikakke haduwa da layuka ko ginshikan. A karkashin matrix a cikin wannan hali an fahimci ilmin lissafin magana kwatanta da tsari na pixels a cikin abin da su launi masu lamba. Square shi ne ake kira saboda yawan layuka da kuma ginshikan a shi daidai.

Me ya sa wannan muhimmanci? Gaskiyar cewa coding amfani Haar canza. A gaskiya ma, Haar canji - shi ne bi da bi da maki don haka ba za su iya zama dace da compactly encode. A sakamakon haka ne wani orthogonal matrix, ga wanda bidiyon dikodi lokaci da ake amfani da matsayin determinant.

Yanzu muka dubi babban iri matrix (cewa ne matrix kanta, mun gani).

TN + film

Daya daga cikin na kowa da cheap yanzu nuna model. Yana yana da wani gwada da sauri martani lokaci, amma matalauta launi haifuwa. Matsalar ita ce, da lu'ulu'u ne a cikin matrix aka shirya don haka da cewa duba kusassari an samu negligible. Don magance wannan sabon abu, mun ɓullo da wani musamman fim cewa ba ka damar fadada yawan duba kusassari.

A lu'ulu'u a cikin matrix aka shirya a cikin wani shafi, game da shi tunatarwata da sojoji a kan farati. A lu'ulu'u ne juya a cikin wani karkace, don haka daidai jingina tam ga juna. A yadudduka ne da dab da substrate, a kan surface na karshen sa na musamman sako.

Kowane crystal An kawo lantarki gudãnar da irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi. Idan akwai wani irin ƙarfin lantarki, da lu'ulu'u ne aka juya ta 90 digiri, inda haske ya wuce da yardar kaina ta hanyar su. Sai dai talakawa fari pixel matrix. Mene ne ja ko kore? Kamar yadda shi dai itace?

Da zarar cikaken, matsa Helix, da matsawa rabo dogara a kan halin yanzu ƙarfi. Idan iyakar darajar, da lu'ulu'u kullum gushe yada haske, sakamakon shi a baki bango. Domin samun m launi da kuma ta inuwõwi, matsayin da lu'ulu'u a karkace ake gyara don haka da cewa a wasu adadin haske da suka wuce.

Af, tsoho a wadannan matrices ne ko da yaushe kunna dukkan launuka, sakamakon wani farin pixel. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne don haka da sauki gane ƙone pixel da cewa ko da yaushe bayyana kanta a cikin irin haske maki a kan allo. Ganin cewa a launi haifuwa na matrices na irin wannan ne ko da yaushe wani matsala, yana da wuya a cimma da kuma nuna baki.

Don ko ta yaya daidai matsayi, injiniyoyi lu'ulu'u armashi, a wani kwana na 210 °, inda da launi inganci da martani lokaci karu. Amma a wannan yanayin, ya ba su kasance ba tare da rufi: da bambanci da na gargajiya TN-matrices sun matsala da tabarau na fari, da launuka an wanke fita. Saboda haka a DSTN fasaha. Its ainihi shi ne cewa nuni ne zuwa kashi biyu halves, kowanne daga wanda aka sarrafawa dabam. Nuni ingancin ya inganta cika fuska, amma ƙara yawan nauyi da kuma kudin da ke zaune a yanki.

Wannan abin da matrix ne a cikin kwamfyutar TN + film irin.

S-IPS

Company Hitachi, yadda ya kamata sawa fitar da shortcomings na baya fasahar, ya yanke shawarar ba a yi kokarin inganta shi, amma kawai don ƙirƙira wani abu halin sabon. Musamman cewa Gunther Baur a 1971 gano cewa, da lu'ulu'u za a iya sanya ba a cikin nau'i na Twisted ginshikan, ta kuma kwantar da layi daya da juna a kan gilashin substrate. Hakika, a cikin wannan harka, ga watsarwa wayoyin suna a haɗe.

Idan na farko polarizing tace, akwai wani irin ƙarfin lantarki, haske ya wuce da yardar kaina ta hanyar da shi, amma jinkirta da na biyu substrate, da rabuwa jirgin sama na wanda ko da yaushe kara a wani kwana na 90 digiri a dangane da farko. A sakamakon haka, ba kawai da cika fuska qara gudun aiki na duba, amma black - gaske baki, kuma ba wani bambancin da wani duhu launin toka launi. Bugu da kari, babban amfani ne da cikakken kusassari na view.

fasahar shortcomings

Alas, bi da bi lu'ulu'u wanda aka shirya a layi daya da juna, yana daukan yawa fiye da lokacin da. Kuma saboda haka mayar da martani lokaci a kan tsohon model cinma wata gaske cyclopean dabi'u 35-25 ms! Wani lokaci za a iya gani ko da daga sawu na siginan, bari shi kadai da tsauri scenes a toys da kuma fina-finai zuwa ga masu amfani ya fi su manta.

Tun da wayoyin an zubar a kan wannan substrate, shi na bukatar fiye da ikon zuwa juya da lu'ulu'u ne a cikin wani so shugabanci. Kuma saboda duk zaune a yanki a kan tushen da IPS-matrix da wuya samun Energy Star star ga ya dace. Hakika, don haskaka substrate ne ma ake bukata don amfani more iko fitilu, da kuma shi ba ya inganta halin da ake ciki tare da babban ikon amfani.

Sannan ina yi irin wannan matrices ne high, sabili da haka, har kwanan nan sun kasance sosai, tsada sosai. A takaice, tare da dukan amfani ko rashin amfani wannan zaune a yanki ne manufa domin designers: da launi iri suna da kyau kwarai da kuma mayar da martani lokaci a wasu lokuta, za ka iya ba da sadaka.

Wannan abin da IPS-matrix.

MVA / PVA

Tun da na sama iri matrices da raunin da cewa kashe kusan ba zai yiwu a cikin sabon Fujitsu Technology aka ɓullo. A gaskiya ma, MVA / PVA ne modified version na IPS. Babban bambancin - da wayoyin. Suna located a kan na biyu substrate a cikin nau'i na asali triangles. Wannan bayani da ke sa shi ya fi sauƙi amsa da lu'ulu'u canza a irin ƙarfin lantarki, da kuma launi ma'ana daidai zama mafi alhẽri.

kyamarori

Kuma abin da ke cikin matrix a cikin kyamara? A wannan yanayin, don haka shi ake kira crystal shugaba wanda aka sanshi a matsayin cajin guda biyu na'urar (CCD). Fiye da kamara matrix mafi Kwayoyin, da mafi alheri shi ne. Lokacin da rufe buɗe, ya wuce ta matrix kwarara daga electrons: da more da karfi halin yanzu tasowa. Haka kuma, a cikin duhu sassa na halin yanzu da aka kafa. Land matrix m wasu launuka, kuma a sakamakon samar da cikakken image.

Af, abin da yake da girman da matrix, idan mun yi magana game da kwakwalwa ko kwamfyutocin? Yana da sauki - abin da ake kira diagonal allo.