Mene ne rabuwa da haske?

Idan cloudless kaka rana dubi sama, da haske mai haske blue Dome na sama ba zai bar kowa sha'aninsu dabam. Abin da ya bayyana irin wannan ban mamaki launi? Dalilin shi ne uku al'amurran - refraction, watsi da rabuwa. A yau takarda mu tattauna game da abin da daidai ne rabuwa da haske.

Haske yana da daya daga cikin iri na electromagnetic radiation, saboda haka, halin da tushen da kuma shugabanci. Haka kuma, daya ya kamata ba manta game da dual hali: a daya faru, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi ne kalaman, kuma a cikin wasu - barbashi (photon). Rabuwa da haske - shi ne daya daga cikin kaddarorin da wani radiation a Tantancewar kewayo. Lokacin da rabuwa da hawa da sauka daga haske katako na barbashi directed a mai gangara surface, suna da za'ayi a wanda kuma wannan jirgin sama. Sauran aka gyara an yanke.

A mafi sauki hanyar fahimtar misali na abin da rabuwa da haske. Wakilci dogon igiya zubar horizontally tsakanin maki biyu. A igiya ya wuce ta a tsaye Ramin a cikin farantin-garkuwa. Yanzu, idan daya karshen shi don karba da kuma siffar tãguwar ruwa, suka isa gaban ƙarshe kawai a yayin da ake hada kai tare da tsaguwa a cikin garkuwa, watau, tsaye. Idan ka yi kokarin matsawa da igiya horizontally (hagu-dama) kalaman za a sãka masa ba fãce da zaran kai garkuwa, saboda shi ya aikata ba "matsi" a fadin rata. A wannan misali, wata igiya - wani electromagnetic radiation garkuwa - wani m (ko translucent matsakaici), kuma da rata - takamaiman dukiya na matsakaici.

Tun da haske - shi ne wani electromagnetic kalaman, shi ya dogara da wutar lantarki da kuma Magnetic tsanani vectors. Su ne ko da yaushe perpendicular da juna da kuma, a Bugu da kari, samar da notional jirgin perpendicular zuwa layi na kalaman yaduwa. Ba zato ba tsammani, da madauwari rabuwa na haske ya auku idan vectors na Magnetic shigar da kuma lantarki filin kwatance ana juya dangi zuwa ga haske masaƙa. Bi da bi, da oscillations na vector na lantarki filin tsanani a cikin wannan jirgin sama na jirgin sama polarized electromagnetic kalaman faruwa. Ta tsakiya sunan nuna wannan tsari - da "linearly polarized."

Sha'awa, da radiation na sunadaran guda jimla haske ne ko da yaushe polarized. A lokaci guda, da luminous juyi na da kwan fitila, rãnã, kyandirori, flashlights da sauransu. Unpolarized. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa radiation zo daga wani iri-iri na kwayoyin halitta, a cikin abin da rabuwa ne daban-daban. Haka kuma, jimlar kwarara hasarar fuskantarwa. Rabuwa da haske ga mai girma har ya dogara da halaye na abu ko tsari na kwayoyin halitta a cikin crystal raga (ga daskararru, msl, m lu'ulu'u). Ba zato ba tsammani, da farko yunkurin da aka yi tare da lu'ulu'u, kuma kawai sai, masana kimiyya sun biya da hankali ga gaseous yanayi (yanayi). Abu ne mai sauki mu fahimci cewa rabuwa da haske ne kuma dogara a kan wurin da wani mai tsaro (haska, a photocell, da dai sauransu). Saboda haka, kara kwana tsakanin shugabanci na haske Madogararsa da kuma wani vector nuna shugabanci na katako, da rabuwa qara. Idan kwatance ne a layi daya, a karkashin manufa yanayi, babu wani rabuwa.

Akwai kuma na uku embodiment - partially polarized haske juyi. Wannan sanyi faruwa a lokacin da m oscillation lantarki filin ko Magnetic shigar da (na vectors).

A m, gaskiya ne: mutum ido iya bambance tsakanin da zango (launi bangare na haske) da kuma tsanani, amma rabuwa rajista ne samuwa a kaikaice. A daidai wannan lokaci, da yawa kwari da fili idanu daidai rarrabe rabuwa da kalaman. An yi imani da cewa yana taimaka musu su kewaya.