A Properties daga cikin kwayoyin code da kuma ta total DNA tsarin

A karkashin kwayoyin code ne fiye gane a matsayin tsarin na ãyõyi nuna wurin da bi da bi nucleotides a mahadi DNKa RNKa da kuma wanda yayi dace a daban-daban alama tsarin da cewa nuna da jerin amino acid da mahadi a cikin sunadarin.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci!

Lokacin da masana kimiyya sun iya karatu da kaddarorin da kwayoyin code, daya daga cikin manyan versatility an gane. Na'am, kamar yadda m kamar yadda sauti, duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta suna sõyayya da guda, a duniya, na kowa kayyade code. Yana da aka kafa a kan wani dogon lokaci lokaci, da kuma tsari ne da aka ƙare game da biliyan 3.5 da suka wuce. Saboda haka, a cikin tsarin da code za a iya gano ya bi sawun ta juyin halitta, daga kafuwar ta zuwa yau.

Idan muka magana game da jerin abubuwa a cikin kwayoyin code, ma'ana cewa shi ne, ba m, amma yana mai tsananin tsare domin. Kuma wannan shi ne ma fi mayar da kayyade kaddarorin da kwayoyin code. Wannan shi ne daidai da wuri na haruffa da kuma syllables a kalmomi. Ya kamata karya da saba domin, kuma mafi yawan abin da muka karanta a cikin littattafai ko jarida shafukan juya a cikin m gibberish.

Babban kaddarorin da kwayoyin code

Yawanci, da code daukawa a kanta wani bayani shigar wanda ke aiki a wani musamman hanya. Domin karanta bayani na kwayoyin code, shi wajibi ne don sanin rarrabe fasali.

Saboda haka, asali kaddarorin da kwayoyin code - shi ne:

• triplet.
• redundancy ko degeneracy.
• musamman da suka bambanta;
• a ci gaba.
• riga aka ambata versatility.

Bari mu zauna a kan kowane dukiya.

1. triplet

Wannan fili a lokacin da uku nucleotides ya samar da wata Daisy sarkar a cikin kwayoyin da nucleic acid (DNA Ina nufin ko RNA). Wannan halitta a fili triplet ko codon. Wannan codon encodes daya daga cikin amino acid din da gano ta wuri a cikin sarkar peptides.

Rarrabe codons (kuma aka sani da code kalmomi!) By su serial dangane da irin da nitrogen mahadi (nucleotides) da suke kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki.

A itatuwa aure shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa ware 64 codon irin. Suna iya samar da wata hade da hudu iri nucleotides a kowane 3. Wannan shiri ne daidai da yawan 4 a cikin na uku mataki. Saboda haka, samuwar 64-nucleotide haduwa.

2. A redundancy da kwayoyin code

Wannan dukiya za a iya gano idan boye-boye da amino acid daya codon bukatar da dama, yawanci a cikin 2-6. Kawai amino acid methionine da tryptophan iya shigar wanda ke aiki ta amfani da daya daga cikin triplet.

3. A musamman da suka bambanta

Yana da wani ɓangare na da kaddarorin da kwayoyin code a matsayin nuna alama na da lafiya kayyade gadar hali. Alal misali, mai kyau jihar na jini, wata al'ada haemoglobin iya gaya likitoci tsaye a shida wuri a cikin jerin GAA triplet. Shi ya daukawa bayanai game da haemoglobin, kuma wannan ne shigar wanda ke aiki glutamic acid. Kuma idan wani mutum ba shi da lafiya anemia, daya daga cikin nucleotides aka maye gurbinsu da wani code wasika - Y, wanda shine alama da cutar.

4. Ci

Lokacin da rikodi na kaddarorin da kwayoyin code dole ne a tuna da cewa codons kamar sarkar links aka shirya ba a cikin yankin, kuma a kai tsaye kusanci zuwa juna a nucleic acid sarkar, kuma wannan sarkar ba katse - shi ba shi da farko ko karshe.

5. versatility

Bai kamata mu manta da cewa duk abubuwa a Duniya raba na kowa kayyade code. Kuma saboda a mannyan birai da mutane, a cikin kwari da tsuntsaye centenary BAOBAB da kuma kawai hatched daga ƙasa ciyawa m triplets aka sauya ta kama amino acid.

Shi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin halittar da na muhimman bayanai game da kaddarorin wani kwayoyin, wani irin shirin cewa jiki sami gādo daga baya kuma suka rayu a can kamar yadda a kayyade code.