Ethylene oxide: yi, yin amfani da

Ethylene oxide - shi ne achromatic methane cloying haddasa tashin zuciya ƙanshi reminiscent urethane. Abu nauyi oxygen. Taurare a zazzabi na - 115 ^{° C,} da kuma a zazzabi na 12 ^{° C} da aka rage girmanta a cikin m m cakuda da ciwon pungent aftertaste. The abu ne sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, ethyl barasa da kuma sauran muhimman kayan. A kira da oxygenic zama m.

tarihi bayanai

Ethylene oxide da aka gano a 1859 ta Faransa masanin kimiyya, Organic sunadarai Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. Sai ya zama na farko na waɗanda suka bincika ba fili da kuma ta ingantaccen halaye, da aunawa da kudi da yawan zafin jiki a da ethylene oxide tafasa. Da farko, da masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa ethylene oxide, da physico-sinadaran sigogi da kuma halaye, yana da kamanni da kwayoyin tushe. Yana da wani misconception dade har 1896, yayin da wasu masu bincike (Bredig da Usov) ba gano cewa ethylene oxide ba wani electrolytic abu.

Na dogon lokaci shi an san daya kawai Hanyar kai tsaye extracting da ethylene oxide daga ethylene kanta. Yana aka yi amfani da masana kimiyya da dama. Amma a shekarar 1931, takwararta Charles, Himik Teodor Emile Lefort, ya halitta sabon Hanyar ga hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ethylene kai tsaye, ta amfani da azurfa enzyme. Wannan hanya, halitta a cikin marigayi 20th karni, kuma ana amfani da shi a wannan lokacin.

Great hudu samar da ethylene oxide

A farko masanin kimiyya ne wanda Ya halitta ethylene oxide da hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga wani abu ta amfani da oxygen, da azurfa totur ya Emile Lefort. Ya kuma aka jadadda mallaka da wannan hanyar a shekarar 1931. A tsari na samar da ethylene oxide modified akai-akai samu da kuma daban-daban embodiments a cikin masana'antu samar.

A farko kamfanin cewa ya aiwatar da wani m hanya domin kai tsaye hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ethylene, tun 1995, shi ne a kamfanin UCC (Union Carbide Corporation). Akwai aka yi amfani da tsari, mai suna "meteor" wanda aka halin high dace, low zuba jari. Kamfanin da aka kafa a 1917 ta Richard Wells. Ethylene oxide da glycol shuka aiki da shuka kowace rana. Wannan kamfanin sayi lamban kira, wanda a wannan zamanin ne ta al'adunmu kuma sami aikace kawai a Enterprises na zuwa da shi ma, kuma mamaye fiye da 25% na duk duniya damar.

Na biyu kamfanin yin amfani da irin wannan hanya, amma da ya fi girma da baza a duniya saboda da irin tsarin da lasisi, ne Scientific Design Company, Inc. Tun shekarar 1983, ta na da fiye da 95 ayyuka, game da 27% na duniya iya aiki da kuma 80% na dukkan lasisi samar da ethylene oxide. Yana kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1946.

The uku kamfanin cewa yana amfani da wannan hanya ne Shell International Chemicals BV na biyu na Royal Dutch Shell kamfanin, kafa a 1907. Hanyar wannan sha'anin ne daban-daban daga wasu masana'antun da ya wuce kima, bukatar samar da ethylene oxide da kuma tsawon rai na desiccant (a kan shekaru 3). Kamfanin maida hankali ne akan fiye da 45% na duniya damar don samar da.

A karo na hudu m - Japan kamfanin Japan catalytic Chemical Co. Yana yana amfani da wani lasisi Hanyar kama da hanyar Scientific Design, an kafa kungiyar zuwa guda hadaddun, hada da samar da ethylene oxide da ethylene glycols. Japan kamfani kafa a 1951.

Ethylene oxide - mafi girma cikin sharuddan samar da kwayoyin kayayyakin a cikin duniya sinadaran masana'antu. Duk da haka, shi ne mafi ƙaranci daga gare wasu abubuwa, kamar ethylene, propylene, ethanol, methanol, benzene, vinyl chloride, styrene, toluene, t. D. A samar da ethylene oxide duk da ya rage na biyu kawai ga muhimmancin polyethylene kuma shi ne kawai 14%. Wannan kashi ne amfani da samar da polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide copolymers da propylene oxide, surface aiki abubuwa rubuta mai demulsifiers fumigants.

Kai da abubuwa

Tsari karusa faruwa ta wajen kwantena, kwalabe da kuma tankuna. Ethylene oxide da aka adana a cikin tankuna har zuwa dubu uku. ^M3 a zazzabi na 15-20 digiri Celsius, a karkashin matsin 7-19 kgf / cm ^2. Ethylene oxide ne mai guba abu wanda mallaka irritating, giya da quite mai guba Properties. Tare da sauƙi na kasancewa gas ratsa ta tufafi da takalma, haddasa kaifi rashin lafiyan martani, da kuma a lamba tare da ido mucosa - konewa.

Ãyõyin guba da ethylene

Ethylene aka yi amfani da yadu a samar da daban-daban kayayyakin aiki, don kyakkyawa, kiwon lafiya da dai sauransu. Mafi sau da yawa, shi ne kara da cewa:

• varnishes.
• fenti.
• kaushi.
• maganin daskarewa.
• soaps da ƙuna.
• kayan shafawa da turare.
• maganin rigakafi, da kuma more.

Ethylene oxide sterilization ne sau da yawa amfani da mutum ga disinfection na gas irin. Mun fuskanci wannan mai guba abu a kullum. Sau da yawa faruwa PE hade da guba ethylene oxide. La'akari da ãyõyin guba da kuma lura da hanyoyi.

Maye ethylene oxide

A bayyanar cututtuka na m maye ne:

• ciwon kai ko dizziness.
• zaki da dandano a cikin bakinka.
• tashin zuciya da kuma amai.
• redness na fuska.
• janar rauni.
• sababbu bugun zuciya.
• inna na gyara man fuska tsokoki.
• rauni dauki na ƴan zuwa ga haske.
• convulsions.
• hanta kara girma da kuma rushewa daga ta ayyuka.

imbin guba

Kullum guba ne a irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka:

• m abokin ciniki gunaguni na da ciwon kai.
• hadin gwiwa zafi.
• matsaloli tare da gastrointestinal fili.
• tremor yatsunsu mĩƙaƙƙu hannayensu gaba.
• sweating da kuma glaciation wata gabar jiki.
• rage a ji na ƙwarai, da dai sauransu

Bayan lamba tare da fata surface sa wani dermatitis da ulcers kuma tare da zazzabi da kuma high jini leukocytes.

The taimakon farko ga wanda aka azabtar. magani

Idan haƙuri ya m isa ya sa kaina a cikin ido yana nufin a kan tushen da ethylene, dole ne a hankali da kuma na dogon lokaci zuwa wanke idanun da ruwa mai tsabta, sa'an nan tuntubar likita.

Bayan lamba tare da fata da shi gaggawa zama dole don wanke surface tare da auduga swab tsoma a barasa. Bayan, kurkura ya shafa yankin tare da sabulu da kuma ruwa kuma ku bi da lanolin.

A mafi tsanani lokuta na guba marasa lafiya ya kamata:

• sabo iska.
• zaman lafiya da kuma zafi.
• oxygen inhalation.
• Bitamin B1, B6, B12, da alli.
• m alkaline ruwa.
• dropper dangane glucose da ascorbic acid.
• maganin kafeyin da kordiamin.

Sterilization amfani ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide ne Popular a matsayin sterilizing wakili. A karo na farko da ethylene oxide gas a matsayin disinfectant fara yin amfani da a forties na karshe karni. Saboda gaskiya cewa abu ne a cikin gas-kamar siffar, yana da kyau a cikin marufi da likita kida da ya kashe kwayoyin. Wannan hanya da aka yi amfani da mafi yawan wajen, wanda suka kula high yanayin zafi, zafi da kuma yawan guba. Tun ethylene oxide tana nufin m gas, sterilization ne da za'ayi a hatimce bẽnãye.

Wannan hanya na disinfection yana dauke da mafi kyaun abin da aka sani hanyoyin. Sarrafa kayayyakin aiki da wannan hanya kunshi uku matakai:

1. Da farko kayan aikin yi kafararsa da iska, da canza zafin jiki da kuma zafi.
2. A kunshin aka cika da ethylene oxide gas da kuma jira don wani lokaci zuwa likita kida da aka haifuwa.
3. Ku ciyar degassing cire daga marufi da ya rage daga lalatattu gas.

Hydration ethylene oxide

ethylene oxide sami yin amfani da yafi a gina daban-daban ethylene glycols. Hydration ethylene oxide a cikin ruwa a jihar ne da za'ayi ko dai a gaban acid catalysts a zazzabi na 50-100 digiri + ko a karkashin matsin ba tare da wani totur a zazzabi ^na 200 C. A mafi yawan lokuta, yi amfani da na biyu Hanyar da ake ji da matsa lamba, kamar yadda wasu nauyi acid baya tsarkake samu abu, kuma wajibi ne a yi amfani da ƙarin hanyoyi na tsaftacewa.

Bayan hydration ethylene glycol ne - sauki diatomic barasa. The daidaito kama man shanu. Ethylene glycol ne odorless, colorless, yana da wani zaki da dandano. Shin wani mai guba abu wanda aka yi amfani ƙuna. Wasu daga cikin wadanda kawai kokarin amfani da shi a matsayin maimakon barasa, wadda take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa.

Bayan da cewa ethylene glycol ake amfani da su samar da ƙuna, kamar yadda shi shiga tsarin da kuma sauran kayayyakin:

• antistatic jamiái.
• polishes.
• yana nufin daga icing.
• da aka kara wa sanyaya tsarin na kwakwalwa da kuma motoci.
• a cikin wani karamin adadin da ake amfani a creams ga takalma.
• yin amfani da shi yi nakiyoyi.

Effect ethylene glycol a jiki

Ethylene glycol ne sau da yawa amfani a cikin aiki da gabatarwa ko gine-gine tare da wani babban yanki, a sakamakon da aikace-aikace nufin yi nufi ga wanka, inhalation na vapors faruwa. By m amfani da abu zai iya samun cikin bakinka, amma wannan bai isa ba ga guba. Greater alama na guba ba ga waɗanda suka gurin sabis sau da yawa da za a magance abubuwa da dauke ethylene glycol. Wannan category hada da direbobi da kuma ma'aikata na chemical.

Bayyanar cututtuka na guba

1. A farko zamani yana 12 hours da aka nuna kadan maye mutum. Lokaci-lokaci bayyana ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, intermittent amai, m rauni. haske mai dadi da dandano iya zo a wannan daga wani mutum. Amma a general, da al'ada jihar na kiwon lafiya.
2. Sa'a goma sha biyu na hasashen alheri akwai ji da motsi a cikin sarari na naka jiki, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, da kuma take hakkin da sodium-alli musayar, amai. Ciki da kuma lumbar tsokoki fara sharply daba.
3. A kadan daga baya kansu nuna alamun CNS lalacewar: asarar sani, zazzabi, cramps.
4. koda gazawar tasowa a kan rana ta biyar, na huhu edema, cardiac aikin da aka karya da kuma rage jini.
5. Mutuwa ya auku a cikin mako guda saboda zuciya rashin cin nasara, na huhu edema, da kuma matsalolin a cikin kodan da kuma hanta.

Easy guba bayyana bayan inhaling tururi, da kuma halin da dizziness, tashin zuciya da rauni. Don ajiye aka azabtar, dole ne ka je asibiti kafin 12 hours sun elapsed bayan da guba.