Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov a matsayin masanin ilimin harsuna. Lomonosov game da harshe

An ba tare da wata shakka, za a kira da mahaifin Rasha kimiyya da al'adu. A kowane masana'antu, a cikin abin da Mikhail aka aiki, ya bar haske alama da kuma kawo wa duniya da yawa mai girma binciken.

Da yake jawabi na Mikhail Vasilyevich

Ba kamar takwarorina ba su m kishin ilimi, har ma a wani wuri shekaru, ya koya don karanta da kuma rubuta.

A shekaru 19, da saurayi ke zuwa Moscow da kuma, inda kodayaushe a matsayin ziyartar bafadan, aka yaba a matsayin dalibi a cikin Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, inda ya baya samu mai kyau msar tambayar shiri da kuma daidai Masters da Latin. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1736, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa St. Petersburg Academic University, inda a kan lokaci za a aika zuwa Jamus don nazarin hako ma'adinai da metallurgy. Su ilimi M. V. Lomonosov tafi a Freiburg, inda ya dauki don inganta su sani a yi.

A tsawon ilimi aiki, ya fada baro kare bukatun mutanen da nema da cewa ilimin ya zama m ba kawai zuwa sama da aji, amma peasantry. Sai ya zama a cikin himma da Mikhail Vasilyevich University da aka kafa a birnin Moscow, wanda har yanzu da nuna alfahari Bears sunan kafa.

A cikin rabe-aiki a matsayin dukan

Mikhail Vasilyevich ya kawo wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban harsuna. Duk da nutsewa a cikin gwaninta, ya samu lokaci domin philological aiki. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Rasha, a 1757 ya buga na farko Rasha nahawu, wanda ya bude sabawa da nahawu dokoki na da harshen a kan tushen da kallo na live magana. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa na farko wanda ya zo da bayanin nahawu fasali na Rasha, ya Lomonosov. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna ya dauki shi daga wani kimiyya ra'ayi, shi ne kuma karo na farko da suka yi aka dauke morphological Concepts, ginin kalma da kalma samuwar. A kan tushen da "Rasha nahawu" da aka buga a farko Rasha harshen litattafan.

Lomonosov aka kuma sanya wani babban taimako ga ci gaban rhetoric. Ya mai shiryarwa zuwa ga balaga zama na farko da Rasha-harshen littafi irin wannan. shi ma aka yi ta kafa wani rarrabuwa daga sassa na magana, tambayoyi na kuskure da alamar rubutu, juya shi zuwa Rasha yawa kimiyya sharuddan.

Philological amfanoni da Lomonosov

A gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban da Rasha da harshen da kuma adabi sanya Lomonosov ta aiki. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, ya damu game da al'amurran da suka shafi na harshe ci gaba, amfaninsa ta nahawu da stylistic siffofin orthoepic. Godiya ga Mikhail Vasilyevich muhimmanci garambawul da aka za'ayi a game da Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen, kazalika da amince da tsarin versification, shi ya sauko mu kwana.

Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, da ya yi magana game da Rasha harshen kamar yadda mai girma da al'adunmu. Mikhail ne farkon wanda ya fara karanta ilimi laccoci a mutuniyarsu harshen.

Ya nemi ya wadãtar da wallafe-wallafen harshen, su sa shi m, m, kuma a lokaci guda musamman. Za mu tattauna Lomonosov a matsayin masanin ilimin harsuna. A takaice game da philological isa yabo na wannan mutum mai girma, mun yanzu tattauna.

"Rasha nahawu" M. V. Lomonosova

Babban abin yabo na Jami'ar shi ne ya halicci m ƙasa domin samuwar wani sabon Rasha harshe. Tare da ci gaban da related kuma sanannen aiki na Mikhail mai taken "Rasha Grammar", wadda aka saki a cikin 1755. Ya zane yana da gaske mafi girma na nasarori da cewa kawo Lomonosov. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, ya karo na farko a cikin "Rasha Grammar" kokarin bambance Concepts kamar Rasha da kuma Church Slavonic.

Ware kowane harshe, to gane shi da cikakken zaman kanta dangane da sauran - wannan manufa a cikin aikin Lomonosov bin. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, ya dogara a kan wasu hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya taimake shi a daidai delineate da Rasha Church Slavonic harshe. Wannan shi ne farkon mai cancanta da kara ci gaba da na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, Lomonosov dangane da fasali na harshe karatu, ya dauki wani dogon jerin kalmomi ko phrases, kwatanta da bambanci su tare da juna. Kuma a sa'an nan, riga a kan tushen da sakamakon su kusantar da karshe.

A cikin bincike hanyoyin da Lomonosov ba halartar wani kyakkyawan canji, kimiyya riko ga wannan rana.

Ka'idar "uku styles" M. V. Lomonosova

Bisa ta gudanar da bincike dabaru mai girma Rasha kawo canji da aka saki a kan ka'idar "uku styles", wadda ta gano wani nan da nan aikace-aikace a cikin halittar wani sabon wallafe-wallafen harshen. Mikhail kafa babban manufa na hulda da daban-daban styles kuma nau'o'i a cikin harsuna. Kowane "m" da aka halin nan da nan yankin na aikace-aikace. Ka'idarsa Lomonosov yi amfani da lokacin da ya bayyana cikin stylistic matakai a cikin harshen. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, ya aka tafiya ta dindindin hade da assimilation na kyau da kuma muhimmanci, abin da yake a duka biyu harsuna.

"The high kwantar da hankula"

Saboda haka, a "high style," dangana ga kalmomi amfani da su haifar da dukan odes, songs, kasidu, jawabai da kuma orations. Wannan style za a iya gaskiya da daukarsa majestic. Duk da haka, kalmomi irin kwanciyar hankali da wuya amfani da mutane a yau da kullum magana, amma ilimi mutum don mu gane su kasance a karfi.

"Talakawan a kwantar da hankula"

"Talakawan a kwantar da hankula" da aka yi nufi ga rubutu satirical kwaikwaiyo, m saba haruffa ko tarihi ayyukansu. An halin a predominance na Rasha kalmomi tare da m Bugu da kari na Slavic.

"Low kwantar da hankula"

"Low kwantar da hankula" yana cike da Rasha kalmomi da suke ba a cikin Slavic harshe. Tare da shi ne comedy, songs, kwatancin "yau da kullum kasuwanci". A wannan salon, son da aka bai wa Rasha, maras ɗa'a kalmomi.

All na gabatar fasaha pathos Lomonosov ka'idar da aka halin da bukatar gane hakkokin Rasha harshen da kuma wallafe-wallafe.

University gudunmawar da adabi

Da yake jawabi na shi a matsayin fice philologist, ba a ma maganar da wallafe-wallafen isa yabo. Lalle ne, nazarin daban-daban theories kara yin amfani da su a yi Mikhail aka tsunduma tare da sauran kimiyyar.

Duk da yake a Jamus, ya rubuta wata} asida game da warware matsalar al'amurran da suka shafi game da Rasha shayari. A wannan wasika da ya gabatar da gyare-gyare ga garambawul Trediakovsky, fadada shi da sabon poetic girma, kamar anapaest, dactyl da amphibrach. Ba kamar sauran kasida daga cikin lokaci, ba ya shagala da yin amfani da daban-daban Daddy a cikin ayyukansu. A kashi na biyu daga cikin wasika an Ode zuwa shan na Khotin, cewa mai girma kawo canji sadaukar da heroism na Rasha sojojin. Shi ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga abin da magabata.

A tsawon shekaru, ya wallafa wani aiki wanda ya tsayar da aka ambata riga ka'idar "uku styles". Bisani, ya sami yin amfani da a cikin samuwar wani sabon Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen.

Lomonosov taimako ga samuwar wani kimiyya terminology tushe na Rasha harshen

M taimako ga Rasha kimiyya ya sanya Lomonosov. A kan harshen da ya yi magana kamar mai girma dabi'u na al'umma, har ta al'adunmu. Mikhail Vasilievich ya tabbata cewa Rasha harshen sosai arziki da kuma multifaceted cewa shi ne ko da yaushe zai yiwu a sami dama kalmomi ga wadanda ko wasu sharuddan ko kyama.

Kawo canji suka yi jihãdi ga tsarkakuwa, kuma kamalar na Rasha harshen, ƙoƙarin ajiye shi daga "kasashen waje da tasiri". Saboda haka, yana ko dai a zahiri translation na ra'ayi a cikin Rasha da harshen, ko kuma kawai zaži da ya dace equivalents cikinta. Saboda da masanin kimiyya, kalmomi kamar samar da makamashi, da adadin gaɓũɓuwa, da kwarewa, da sauri kafa kansu a cikin kasa terminology. Kwarai ƙarfin hali, juriya da kuma m wit daban-daban a lokacin da samar kimiyya terminology tushe Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, ya Yana kawo babbar gudummawa ga kafa na Rasha-magana terminology Concepts.

Da farko, Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna Rasha, tuhumce da zagi na kasashen waje kalmomi a cikin adabi ko a rayuwar yau da kullum. Ya warai, fusãtar da manya, wanda kawai koya wa fahimci 'yan kalmomi a Faransa, nan da nan ya fara sa su inda suke so. Lomonosov nuna cewa aimless Learning daga kalmomin da na kasashen waje asalin hadari ga m kasa da ilimi da al'adu. Ya haka bukaci girmama kyakkyawa da bambancin da harshe da kuma hamayya da waɗanda suka bayar da gudunmawa ga shi, "shared a cikin wannan batsa."

Kuma a karshe,

Lomonosov ta aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin harsuna da kuma sanannun kawo canji a yau ana amfani da kimiyya da bincike. Wannan babban mutum ne farkon wanda ya yaba da zurfin arziki, da iko, da bambancinsa da Rasha harshe. A cikin rubuce-rubucen, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov yi magana na adabi kamar yadda wani art kalma.

Ya dauka da yawa matakai a cikin samuwar wani sabon wallafe-wallafen harshen da kuma zayyana yiwuwa ga ta kara ci gaba.

Mikhail bauta ga mai kyau na mutane. Shi ne ya shawara da aka bisa University of Moscow, wanda yana da duniya suna a yau. Har ila yau, ya ya iya haifar da wani terminology database, wanda enrichment bayan Lomonosov ta shahara Rasha masana kimiyya da suka gabata. Irin wannan shi ne Lomonosov, Rasha masanin ilimin harsuna. Kuma a yau, mun tuna da wannan mutum mai girma da kuma yin amfani da aiki.