Tserewa shuke-shuke: sifa da aiki

Gabobin da flowering shuke-shuke, mafi evolutionarily m wakilan mulkin yanayi, ne quite bambancin sifa da aiki. A karkashin kasa ɓangare na shuka kira tushen, aboveground - mafaka. Yana tsere da shuka daukawa fitar da muhimmanci ayyuka: gas musayar, photosynthesis, transpiration, vegetative yaduwa da kuma ta da mafi kyau duka wuri dangane da rana.

Origin gudun hijira

A ci gaba da wannan jiki bayyana a farko baƙi a ƙasar - Rhyniophyta. Its mai tushe suna masu rarrafe, da forked rassan a matsayin inji nama da aka har yanzu talauci ci gaba. Amma ko da tare da irin wannan m tsarin da photosynthetic surface ƙaruwa, wanda ke nufin cewa shuka kwayoyin mafi samar da carbohydrates.

Mene ne gudun hijira na shuke-shuke

Gudun hijira ne da ake kira m ɓangare na shuka, kunsha na wani tushe da kuma ganye. Duk waɗannan jikuna ne autonomic, samar da ci gaba, abinci mai gina jiki da kuma sake yiwuwar tohowarsu.

Tsere da shuka ma yana dauke rudimentary gabobin - kodan. Akwai biyu iri na koda: vegetative da generative. Nau'i na farko ya kunshi tayi kara da ganye, saman wanda shi ne ilimi masana'anta (meristem) ƙaddamar girma mazugi. Idan, baya daga tushe da kuma ganye toho ƙunshi farkon furanni ko Inflorescence, shi ne ake kira generative. A bayyanar, wadannan buds rarrabe ya fi girma size da kuma taso siffar.

A wurin da takardar ne a haɗe a kan ƙafãfunsa, ya kira wani kumburi, da kuma nĩsa tsakanin nodes - internode. A kwana tsakanin kara da wata takardar kira sinus.

A kan aiwatar da ci gaban a kan shoot a can da kuma hukumomin alhakin generative (jima'i) haifuwa: flower, 'ya'yan itace da iri.

A ci gaba da koda gudun hijira

Tare da farko na sharadi gwargwado a cikin bazara na meristem sel da girma batu fara raba. Taqaitaccen internodes kara a size, wanda zai iya haifar da matasa harbe na shuka. A sosai saman da kara ne m buds. Su samar da shuka girma a tsawon. Axillary kuma adventitious buds located a cikin leaf axils ko interstices, bi da bi. Saboda su kara siffofin da gefen harbe, t. E. Branches.

shuka sashe hanyoyi

Dangane da tsari, akwai wasu hanyoyi na sashe harbe:

1. Dichotomous. A mafi m irin sashe, a cikin abin da na biyu, masu tasowa, wani batu na girma daga kowace su biyu, kuma, da dai sauransu haka girma da wasu algae kuma mafi girma spore shuke-shuke: .. Club mosses da ferns.
2. Primopodialnoe. Wannan sashe za a iya gani a matsayin cewa na gymnosperms (Pine, spruce) da kuma angiosperms (oak, Maple). Dogon lokaci mai tushe daga wadannan shuke-shuke girma a tsawon tare da m samuwar kaikaice sashe.
3. Sympodially. Tare da wannan Hanyar apical girma, a kan akasin haka, shi ne dakatar. A kaikaice buds an rayayye girma, samar da karin kuma mafi sabon gefen harbe. Pear, ceri da sauran flowering tsire-tsire ne wani misali na irin wannan ci gaban.

gyare-gyare harbe

Mene ne wani kubuta daga shuka da kuma yadda shi ya dubi, ba shakka, sanin kowa ne. Duk da haka, muhalli da yanayi sau da yawa bukatar bayyanar ƙarin ayyuka. Yana iya samar da gabobin da flowering shuke-shuke. Tserewa modified, nemowa sabon tsarin fasali, a cikin wannan harka da shi ya kunshi sassa na misali mafaka.

Babban gyare-gyare na gudun hijira sun hada da:

• Rhizome - shi ne a karkashin kasa, inda mafi tsiro horizontally. Yana da elongated internodes da kuma buds, na da a kan surface a wani m lokaci ganye bayyana. Saboda haka, daga shuke-shuke da rhizomes (Lily na kwari, alkama ciyawa, valerian) yana da matukar wuya a rabu da mu. Bayan tearing kashe ganye, tsere kanta ya zauna a cikin ƙasa, girma fiye da more.

• Tuber - mai kauri interstitial da ciwon koda - idanu. The haske wakilin shuke-shuke, wanda ya samar da tubers, shi ne dankalin turawa. Domin shi ke tsiro a cikin ƙasa, shi ne sau da yawa a gauraye da wani modified tushen. Duk da haka, akwai m tubers, misali, kohlrabi.
• Kwan fitila - modified shuka harbe da kyau-ɓullo da ganye located a kan lebur zangarniya - Donets. Halayyar tafarnuwa, albasa, Tulip, Lily. A cikin ciki m ganye tara gina jiki da kuma bushe waje kare su daga lalacewa.
• Brambles - matsara pear, teku buckthorn, hawthorn da sauran shuke-shuke. Da yake a cikin leaf axils, su yadda ya kamata kare shuke-shuke daga dabbobi cewa son ci su.
• Antennae - modified curly harbe, rikewa shuke-shuke a wani matsayi. Kokwamba, inabi, pumpkins - ya fi na kowa shuke-shuke da cewa amfani da wannan na'urar.

• Gashin baki - bakin ciki harbe tare da dogon internodes. Strawberries, kuma strawberry vegetatively karbe shi tare da taimakon wani gashin baki.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da tsire-tsire tsiro kunshi sassa da suke aikin m, zai bambanta bisa ga muhalli da yanayi da kuma ba kowace shuka da kansa musamman look.