Shũka yanzu pollinating ƙudan zuma mutummutumi?

Talakawa zuma ƙudan zuma pollinate game da wani uku na dukan tsire-tsire ta cinye mutane a matsayin abinci. Duk da haka, saboda musamman cutarwa, iko da kuma yadu used magani a neonicotinoid-tushen kudan zuma mazauna fara mutu fita tare da wata babbar da tsoratarwa gudun.

barazana

Bees suna mutuwa a dubbai da kuma daruruwan dubbai saboda rashin lafiya, asarar kafaffen mazauninsu da ciwo na halaka daga mazauna - wani sabon abu a cikin wanda ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma watsi da mazauna, da barin kawai isasshen abinci ga ci gaban da matasa ƙudan zuma da kuma sarauniya kula da kiwon lafiya. Mazauna halaka ciwo ne musamman m ba kawai ga zuma samar, amma kuma ga wani iri-iri ta kunsa da suke dogara a kan aiki na kudan zuma mazauna.

Daban-daban ƙwayoyin cuta da cutarwa sunadarai guba take kaiwa zuwa da cewa fiye da kashi biyu cikin uku na ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma suna rasa a cikin filayen da ba zai iya samun hanyar da hive. A baya can, yawan bata ƙudan zuma kada ku ƙẽtare daya-uku.

Babban dalilai

A tartsatsi amfani da cutarwa da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma kwari, musamman a neonicotinoid-tushen, take kaiwa zuwa guba da kuma cututtuka na ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma. Kwanan nan, an yi ta kimiyya shaida cewa neonicotinoid kwari suna da nasaba da kara yawan lokuta, da ciwo na halaka mazauna.

Wani muhimmin dalili nau'i nau'i na honeybees ne parasites da sauran pathogens. Kawo daga India Varroa mite Varroa kuma shi ne m ba kawai domin shi sa disorientation ƙudan zuma, amma kuma da cewa shi musamman sauki daidaita da duk wani yunkurin don a hallaka shi. Wadannan mites kada ku kashe kansu aiki ƙudan zuma, amma su larvae ne parasitic a, abu don gaskiyar cewa zuriya vuya. Watakila saboda wannan, a kudan zuma mallaka da kuma bar.

effects

Dalma saboda kare muhalli da kuma shuka sunadarai, kazalika da ci gaba na sabon, barga cuta, wasu iri ƙudan zuma da aka kara wa jerin jinsin barazana tare da nau'i nau'i.

Cuta, rashin hali da kuma nau'i nau'i na ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma - wajen wani sabon abu a duniya, kuma ta sikelin da kuma gudun tilasta ba kawai ga masana kimiyya amma kuma jami'an gwamnati a fadin duniya domin yin tunãni a kan abin da shi na iya yin barazana ga aikin noma, kuma al'amarin. Gaskiyar cewa ba kawai ga ƙudan zuma ake yi musu wa'adi da nau'i nau'i, amma wasu jinsunan malam, ciki har da monarch malam.

rigakafin matakan

Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta bayar da kasa dabarun domin kariya daga hure, bisa ga abin da shi ne ya shirya ta 2025 a cimma wadannan sakamakon:

• mayar da kiwon lafiya na zuma kudan zuma mazauna.
• kara yawan malam-Eastern wadanada zuwa 225 kimanin mutane miliyan.
• inganta da kuma tsabta daga sunadarai uku da miliyan kadada don samar da hadari habitats na hure.

Duk da haka, bisa la'akari da kwarewa na lardin Ontario, Canada, da tsarkakewa daga ƙasa, daga cikin neonicotinoids iya zama ba aiki mai sauki, kuma a 2025 ba zai isa pollination zuwa populate yankin.

ban neonicotinoids

A Ontario, da gwamnatin lardin ta yanke shawarar rage yin amfani da cutarwa kwari da 80% ta 2017, saboda sun riga ya sa mutuwar miliyoyin ƙudan zuma.

Da zarar dasa a cikin ƙasa shuka tsaba bi da tare da neonicotinoid kwari, suka emit cutarwa ga ƙudan zuma da sauran hure sinadarai a ko'ina cikin dukan zamanin da ta girma. Wannan shi ne saba wa manufacturer na hanyar aiki, wanda ya bayar da hujjar cewa sunadarai karya saukar kuma kada ku cutar da yanayin kasa.

Aka gyara daga irin magungunan kashe qwari da ake gano a cikin ƙasa, kuma a kan shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari, burbushi na wadannan sunadarai ake samu ko da a cikin filayen, ba amfani da kwari. The abu ne cewa, ƙudan zuma a lokacin pollination kawo wadannan abubuwa daga daya shuka zuwa wani, haka yada sunadarai. Amma wannan ba shine mafi muni. Wadannan abubuwa masu cutarwa ana sa'an nan ya aiko don a gidan kudan zuma, wanda cutar da dukan mallaka.

fasaha da matakan

Duk da yake gwamnatoci na kokarin ci gaba da aiki da kuma tasiri da dabarun, da masu bincike kuma bai kasance a bayan fage. Suna rayayye neman wasu hanyoyin warware matsalar.

Masu bincike a jami'ar Harvard, Mun halitta karamin robot, da girman da kudan zuma, wanda zai iya daukar kashe da kuma Tsayar a takaice nesa sama da ƙasa.

sabon zane bayani da aka buga a mujallar Science and wakiltar wani sabon robot matsayin daya mafi mataki a kan hanya don gano, da ikon ajiye yanayin kasa da kuma na aikin noma. New robot iya ba kawai dauki kashe da kuma a 'tasin sama da ƙasa, amma kuma kawo mafi nauyi fiye da na baya zane.

Masana kimiyyar da suka yi aiki a kan na baya versions na robo-kudan zuma, da fuskantar wata yawan matsaloli, kamar yadda da wuya matuƙa ga ƙirƙirar robot cewa zai iya zama haske isa ya taso kan ruwa a cikin iska da kuma ba ya lalata m tsarin da flower. Duk da haka, ba cikin 'yan ci gaba, masana kimiyya ne m cewa, ba da kudade za su iya a cikin shekaru goma zuwa ƙirƙirar technologically-m mutummutumi cewa zai iya pollinate shuke-shuke maimakon ƙudan zuma.

Yiwuwar pollination mutummutumi

Ganin cewa gwamnatocin mafi yawan kasashe masu yawa fiye da damuwa game da barazana ga aikin noma fiye da wa kansu ƙudan zuma, yiwuwar samun kudade domin irin wannan fasahar ayyukan qara yawa.

Duk da haka, da robo-kudan zuma har shi ne manufa bayani. Suka har yanzu ba zai iya aiki kamar yadda daidaituwa a matsayin gidan kudan zuma ko dukan mallaka. Don gaske kai wurin da ƙudan zuma, da mutummutumi dole ne su iya yi da aiki ba kawai da kansa, amma kuma harhada tare da wasu mutummutumi, wanda ya kamata a kalla daruruwan dubbai. Bugu da kari, da mutummutumi dole ne in mun gwada juriya da iya daidaita da mai sãɓãnin yanayi, ko gazawar ko asarar mahara mutummutumi za a nuna a cikin aikin na dukan kungiyar.

Duk wannan shi ne mai wuya a tunani game da inganta, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa masana kimiyya sun nace da cewa robo-ƙudan zuma ya zama kawai a karshe mafaka da kuma ya kamata gwamnati ta zama da farko damuwa tare da adana daga cikin kiwon lafiya na zuma ƙudan zuma rayuwa da kuma gwagwarmaya da ciwo na halaka mazauna.

Yadda za a ajiye ga ƙudan zuma?

Da yawa daga cikin 'yan bincike a kan musabbabin nau'i nau'i na ƙudan zuma sabon abu haɗu da tartsatsi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma sauran cutarwa sunadarai.

Da aka buga a cikin Yuni binciken da masana kimiyya Harvard neonicotinoids kai tsaye ta haɗu da ciwo na halaka daga mazauna da kuma ya furta cewa, wannan ciwo ne ba kawai hanyar tabarbarewa na kudan zuma mazauna, amma kuma sa da mutuwar ƙudan zuma. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa neonicotinoids ne mafi mashahuri sashi na kwari.

Kwari, fungicides da magungunan kashe qwari da sa irreparable cutar da kudan zuma mazauna duk inda zamani sinadarai suna amfani. A binciken, da aka buga a mujallar Nature, yace ƙudan zuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sunadarai yi amfani a cikin aikin noma da masana'antu, sau biyu, kamar yadda iya samun batattu kuma ba zai iya sãmun hanya zuwa ga hive, da bambanci ga ƙudan zuma da cewa rayuwa a cikin m yankuna. Bugu da kari, wadanda mutane suke iya komawa zuwa mallaka, rasa yawan aiki a taro pollen.

Wani hujja da cewa da sunadarai sa nau'i nau'i na ƙudan zuma, a yankin da take profile ciwo halaka mazauna. A ciwo ne na kowa a yankuna inda yin amfani da kwari da magungunan kashe qwari.

Bees da aka samu matattu a cikin filayen, nuna alamun sinadaran guba. Wani lokaci yana da guba yana da karfi da cewa a kudan zuma ba zai iya samun ƙarfin da komawa zuwa hive da kuma mutu a can.