SamuwarKimiyya

Gubar nitrate. Chemical Properties, da yin amfani da

Gubar nitrate - shi ne wani inorganic fili da ciwon da wadannan dabara: Pb (NO3) 2. A al'ada jihar ne wani farin foda ko colorless lu'ulu'u. Wannan abu ne mai matuƙar narkewa a cikin ruwa.

jiki Properties

1. Yana da kyau narkewa da sha zafi a cikin H2O (ruwa), talauci - a acetone, kazalika da methyl da ethyl alcohols.
2. Yana Forms colorless lu'ulu'u diamagnetic, yawa 4,530 g / santimetr³. Kowane zarra Pb (gubar) kewaye da goma sha biyu sunadaran Yã (oxygen). Pb-O bond tsawon 0,281 nm, da kuma NO - 0.127 nm. Shin cubic tsarin. Pa3 nasa ne da sarari kungiyar. ma monoclinic form aka samu fãce cubic jinsunan cewa ko da a lokacin da tsanani da talauci mai narkewa a cikin H2O (ruwa).
3. Gubar narkewa zafin jiki na 600,65 K.

Yadda za a samu gubar nitrate

Wannan abu ba a samu a yanayi. Saboda haka, mutane sun ɓullo da wasu hanyoyin (masana'antu da kuma awon), wanda aka rage ga rushe gubar (Pb), ta hydroxide ko oxide a tsarma nitric acid. halayen:
3Pb (gubar) + 8HNO3 (nitric acid) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (gubar nitrate) + 2NO (nitric oxide da aka saki a matsayin gas) + 4H2O (ruwa).
PbO (gubar oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (gubar nitrate) + H2O (ruwa).
Pb (OH) 2 (gubar hydroxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (gubar dinitrate) + 3H2O (ruwa).

Domin kashe da hydrolysis da kuma rage solubility gubar dinitrate nitric acid kamata a dauka don haddi.

Har ila yau, gubar dinitrate samu a matsayin byproduct a cikin tsarkakewa na sharar gida acid, nitric acid, msl, lokacin da sarrafa sharar gubar-bismuth masana'antu. Daga bisani, gidan da ake amfani da cyanide leaching na zinariya.

Mene ne sinadaran Properties da gubar nitrate

1. A cikin wani ruwa-ruwa bayani daga gubar nitrate dissociates cikin anions nitrate da gubar cations. Ga abin da wannan dauki:

Pb (NO3) 2 (gubar dinitrate) = Pb2 + (gubar cation) + 2NO3- (nitrogen oxide anion)

The bayani ne hydrolyzed gubar dinitrate. Lokacin da wani wuce haddi adadin nitratokompleksy NO3- ake samar: [Pb (NO3) 6] 3-, [Pb (NO3) 4] 2- kuma [Pb (NO3) 3] -. Idan PH na bayani karuwa, sakamakon da aka halitta gidronitraty Pb (OH) x (NO3) y m abun da ke ciki. Wasu daga cikin su a lokaci guda ya ware a cikin m jihar.

2. Tun dinitrate gubar ne narkewa fili, shi ne mai yiwuwa a samu wadannan musayar dauki:

2HCl (hydrochloric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (gubar chloride precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (gubar sulfate precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
Pb (NO3) 2 (gubar nitrate) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = Pb (OH) 2 (gubar hydroxide precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate).
Pb (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (sodium azide) = Pb (N3) 2 (gubar azide, precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate).

Duk wani sinadaran fili dauke da wani gubar cation (Pb + 2) zai amsa tare da bayani a cikin abin da anion ne iodide. Wannan Forms precipitate na yellow-orange launi (Pbl2, gubar iodide). Yana kama da wannan dauki:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

A wannan musayar dauki a cikin m lokaci. Ga misali:

Pb (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (potassium) = Pbl2 (precipitates) + 2KNO3 (potassium nitrate)

A amfani da gubar nitrate

- yi amfani a matsayin fara abu domin samar da mafi yawan sauran mahadi Pb (gubar).
- kamar yadda wani mai hanawa na nailan polymers da sauran polyesters, kamar yadda wani rodenticide, a coatings takarda fototermograficheskoy.
- kamar yadda gubar nitrate - An dovolno m mahadi a cikin masana'antu kansu yanzu ta amfani da wasu mahadi. Alal misali, a cikin yi na paints, ashana da wasan wuta gaba daya watsi da gubar mahadi.
- a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na gubar nitrate aka yi amfani a matsayin mai kyau da kuma dace tushen dinitrogen tetroxide.
- gwada da kwanan nan a mai iyaka yawa na wani sinadaran fili amfani da zinariya cyanidation.
- a Organic Chemistry, Pb (NO3) 2 da ake amfani da matsayin oxidant, kafin su sami wani dithiocarbamate na isothiocyanates. shi saboda ta high yawan guba da aka yi amfani da kasa da kuma kasa.

aminci

Gubar nitrate ne classified kamar yadda category 2A (watakila carcinogenic da mutane fili). Unacceptable inhalation na mai guba tururi ko ta ingestion da lamba tare da fata, ko mucosa. gubar dinitrate ya kamata a kiyaye a karkashin iko. Chemical guba tare da wannan fili take kaiwa zuwa guba, gliomas kuma koda ciwon daji, kwakwalwa da kuma huhu.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 ha.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.