Pathogenic kwayoyin cuta: mazauninsu. Kwayoyin cuta a cikin jikin mutum

Kwayoyin cutar - mafi tsoho mazaunan duniya tamu. Suka gudanar da daidaita zuwa kusan duk yiwu yanayin rayuwa. Kwayoyin cutar babu a duniya biliyoyin shekaru. Suna yadu rarraba a fadin duniya da kuma suke da ba a duk ta al'amarin. A wannan labarin, za mu magance tambaya na wace irin cuta haddasa kwayoyin. Mazauninsu na wadannan kwayoyin ma za a dauke ta da mu.

A ci gaba da kwayoyin cuta

Su na farko da wakilan bayyana fiye da biliyan 3.5 da suka wuce. Domin kusan biliyan shekaru, wadannan kwayoyin sun kadai halittu masu rai a duniya.

Na farko, da kwayoyin da m tsarin. To, shi ne mafi rikitarwa, duk da haka, da kuma yanzu da wadannan kwayoyin ne mafi m single-celled. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin lokaci, wasu kwayoyin cuta sun kiyaye siffofin na hali na kakanninsu. Wannan ya shafi kwayoyin da suke zaune a cikin zafi sulfur marẽmari, kazalika da rayuwa a kan kasa na tafkunan (a anoxic muds).

ƙasa kwayoyin cuta

Gona kwayoyin - The most rukuni na kwayoyin. Su siffar daidai saba da rayuwa a cikin wadanda yanayi, wanda suka fi son. A cikin shakka daga juyin halitta, shi ne kusan ba ya canja. A siffar da ƙasa kwayoyin cuta na iya kama wani itace, ball. Su na iya samun mai lankwasa siffar. Wadannan kwayoyin suna yafi hemosintetikami. A wasu kalmomin, da samar da makamashi da suke shirya ta musamman redox halayen, wanda ke faruwa tare da sa hannu na carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). A sakamakon wannan tsari wadannan kwayoyin haduwa da wadannan abubuwa, wanda ake amfani da sauran iri rai.

Iri kwayoyin a cikin ƙasa

Tati ne mai arziki da bambance bambancen kwayan abun da ke ciki. Daga cikin mazaunan suke da daraja:

• putrefaction kwayoyin .
• nitrogen-kayyade kwayoyin.
• kwayoyin cuta, wadda ne mazauninsu - gona.
• fermenting kwayoyin cuta (acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid);
• kwayoyin, wanda rage nauyi karafa.

Daga gare su, ba duka ne m ga shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Mutane da yawa, a daya hannun, suna da amfani. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayi. Duk da haka, a cikin ƙasa, kuma akwai kwayoyin. Da mazauninsu na taimaka wa da cewa shi ne yafi shuke-shuke sha daga gare su.

Rigakafin cutar-haddasa kwayoyin a cikin ƙasa

Idan abar kulawa a hankali tare da kasar gona akai-akai Alternate amfanin girma a kan shi, shi zai zama a magance da cutarwa kwayoyin da guba abubuwa a kan nasu. Alal misali, mai guba abu ne ko da yaushe bayyana a Rotting da kuma lalata na tushen, mai tushe da kuma ganye. Duk da haka, da lafiya da ƙasa, wannan tsari zai aukuwa ta halitta, shi ba zai yi kiwo kwayoyin pathogenic shuke-shuke. Matsalar bayyana lokacin da sharply kara yawan shuka al'amari cewa na bukatar aiki. Saboda haka wajibi ne don yanke da superfluous rassan sāke tsugunnar itatuwa, shrubs cire da kuma yanke, don duk kwakwalwan kwamfuta, tushen da kuma twigs daga shafin.

Da yaki da pathogenic ƙasa kwayoyin cuta

Idan ka sami cewa your site ba shi da lafiya a duk tsawon lokacin, daya kadai da irin shuka, ba lallai ba ne a kowace shekara don feshi da abin ya shafa ganye da kuma mai tushe. Gaskiyar cewa qeta tushen zaune a cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka ya zama dole a kare da tsaba daga kamuwa da cuta. Sa'an nan da shuke-shuke da cewa su fito daga gare su, za su zama koshin lafiya.

Diluted a ruwa, potassium permanganate ne mafi sauki hanyar magance kwayoyin. Ya kamata a diluted a ruwa da 1 g ta 100 ml na ruwa. Wannan ne bi da wani rabin awa jiƙa a shi da tsaba, sa'an nan kurkura sosai tare da ruwa. Wani wakili - narke a cikin wani lita na ruwa 1 gram na lu'ulu'u ne na potassium permanganate da kuma "blue dutse" (jan sulfate) da kuma ƙara 0.2 g na boric acid.

Pathogenic kwayoyin cuta a cikin jikin mutum

Wadannan kwayoyin - parasites-symbionts. Mene ne hadarin zuwa adam pathogenic kwayoyin cuta? Suna powered ta hanyar amfani da wani kwayoyin, ciki har da mutum. Bugu da kari, su kashe shi da guba karshe samfurin na rayuwa. A sakamakon haka, akwai iya zama mai tsanani cututtuka: kwalara, typhoid, Anthrax, da tarin fuka, brucellosis, da sauransu.

Mafi na kowa daga gare su ne mazauninsu na mutum yau na haƙuri, kazalika da jita-jita da sauran abubuwa amfani da mãsu haƙuri. Su kuma iya shiga jiki ta hanyar da stale na cikin gida iska. Pathogenic kwayoyin cuta da ake samu a ruwa, abinci da kuma kusan duk saman. Domin su musamman m unsanitary yanayi. Daga lafiya dabbobi kuma za a iya kamuwa, saboda wasu daga wadannan kwayoyin cuta, cutarwa a gare su, kuma zai iya cutar da mu.

Kuma shuke-shuke, kamar yadda muka ce, zai iya shafar kwayoyin. Da mazauninsu hada da, musamman, 'ya'yan itãcen shuke-shuke. Gani ya shafa su da 'ya'yan za a iya sauƙi m. Saboda haka, kula ya kamata a dauka da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa ana amfani da abinci, musamman ga daji-girma. Bayan duk, bad kwayoyin ne kwayoyin da suka haddasa hatsari cututtuka. Personal kiwon lafiya, kazalika da airing gabatarwa - wannan shi ne mafi kyau rigakafin.

ciwon bacillus

Pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, mazauninsu wanda - jikin mutum, suna da yawa. Dauki, misali, E. coli. Shi ne symbiotic kwayoyin cuta, gina jiki tushen wadda ake amfani da dumin jiki dabbobi. Advantageously, da E. coli ne sanda-siffa. Yana zaune yafi a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na hanji lumen. Duk da haka, E. coli za a iya samu kuma a kayayyakin a cikin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi zai iya tsira ga wasu lokaci a cikin yanayi.

Akwai su da yawa iri (damuwa) na wannan kwayan jinsunan. Babban ɓangare daga gare su ne m. Wadannan kwayoyin suna ba a cikin al'ada hanji Flora na biyu dabbobi da mutane. Da zazzabi 37 ° C ne ganiya a gare su.

Daya version yana da shi cewa E. coli samun shiga cikin jikin mutum 40 hours bayan haihuwa, da kuma zaune a cikin shi cikin rayuwar mutum. A tushen da ya faru a cikin jiki na iya zama da madarar uwarsa ko mutane a lamba tare da yaro. A cewar wani version, wannan bacteria ne har yanzu a cikin mahaifa yi kawaici a cikin jiki.

E. coli ne m, a talakawa muhalli da yanayi na shi. Duk da haka, zai iya zama pathogenic idan ta bayyana a cikin wasu sassa na jikin mu. Bugu da ƙari, ta pathogenic damuwa iya shiga daga waje. A sakamakon haka, mutum ya gani da dama gastro-na hanji cututtuka.

streptococci

Wadannan kwayoyin sa cuta, sa up game da rabin mu microflora oropharynx. Amma a nan ba su da hadari. Ragaggen abinci ko desquamated epithelium - mai kyau gina jiki matsakaici domin streptococci. Suna kuma samu a cikin gastrointestinal fili, haihuwa gabobin, na numfashi fili. A manyan yawan wadannan kwayoyin zaune a kan 'yan Adam fata. Rigakafi hana su ci gaba.

Kwayoyin cutar karkashin mataki na wani yawan abubuwan da ake tuba zuwa opportunistic pathogenic kwayoyin. A sakamakon haka, da suka sa mai tsanani cututtuka.

staphylococci

Daga haihuwa, mutumin da ya fara lamba tare da kamuwa da cuta, wadda aka sa ta staphylococcus aureus. Jiki domin rayuwa samar da karfi rigakafi zuwa gare shi. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da dama dalilai, wadannan kwayoyin cuta suna tuba zuwa pathogenic. Su shafi fata, kuma akwai sha'ir, pyoderma, abscesses, tafasa da kuma carbuncles. The baza kamuwa da cuta take kaiwa zuwa folliculitis, cellulitis, phlegmon na taushi tsokoki, abscesses, mastitis da gidradenity.

Staphylococcus aureus shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar da jini. Yana sa zuciya cuta (endocarditis da pericarditis), ƙasusuwa (osteomyelitis), gidajen abinci (amosanin gabbai kwayan), urinary tsarin, kwakwalwa, da ƙananan kuma babba numfashi fili. Kusan duk mutum tsokoki da kuma gabobin iya shafar staphylococcal kamuwa da cuta. Nau'in na cututtuka da cewa shi sa, akwai fiye da dari. Staphylococcus enterotoxins, fadowa cikin gastrointestinal fili da abinci, kai ga ci abinci mai guba (guba).

Yara har zuwa shekara guda, da kuma manya da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin ne mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa kamuwa da cuta. kashi bayyananen bambanta. Sun dogara ne a kan wurin gabatarwar a cikin kwayoyin staphylococcus, ta digiri na mutunci, kazalika da jihar na haƙuri ta rigakafi da tsarin.

tubercle bacillus

Mutumin da aka kamuwa da tubercle bacillus, m da tarin fuka. A cikin ƙasusuwansa, kodan, huhu, da kuma wasu sauran gabobin akwai kananan bumps cewa a ƙarshe hargitse. Da tarin fuka - mai matukar hatsari cuta, gwagwarmaya da cewa wani lokacin yana da shekaru.

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis - shi ne ma da kwayoyin da zai haddasa cutar. Kamuwa take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar da wani ko mafi tsanani, kuma daya daga cikin mafi dõgẽwa cututtuka - annoba. Wani lokaci, na farko alamun kamuwa da cuta da mutuwa wuce kawai 'yan sa'o'i. A zamanin da, mummunar annoba da wannan cuta mai tsanani bala'i. Akwai lokutta inda duka kauyuka da kuma ko da birane da aka mutuwa daga gare su.

Alal misali, a cikin 6th karni, wannan cuta ya shiga cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai. Bugãwa a nan, da annoba kashe dubban mutane a rana a cikin manyan birane. Kuma a zamanin yau ta zauna ita mai hadarin gaske cuta. Annobar da kwayoyin kawo fleas, waxanda suke da parasitic a kan berayen, beraye kuma gophers.

Sauran wuraren da cuta-haddasa kwayoyin

Kwayoyin cutar na iya ficewa domin rayuwa, ba kawai wadanda wuraren da aka riga aka tattauna a sama. Wasu daga cikin su wanzu a yanayin da ze zama m ga rayuwa. Wannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi, da kuma na iyakacin duniya kankara da kuma dilution iska, da kuma mai karfi da matsa lamba. Da yaki da pathogenic kwayoyin cuta ne dacewa a ko'ina. Bayan duk, a duniya, babu irin wannan wuri, inda suka ba za a iya gano.

Saboda haka, za mu yi magana game da wace irin cuta-haddasa kwayoyin da kuma inda suke da zama. Hakika, wannan labarin ya bayyana a asali da wakilainsu. Irin pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, kamar yadda ka sani, suna da yawa, don haka saba da su na iya wuce wani sosai tsawon lokaci.