Eyes facet: Mene ne bambanci daga talakawa?

A ci gaba da wasu dabbobi bayyana quite nagartaccen Tantancewar kida. Wadannan lalle ne, haƙĩƙa sun hada ido facet. Su aka kafa a kwari da crustaceans, wasu arthropod da kwaro. Mene ne daban-daban daga wani sauki facet idanu, abin da suke da manyan siffofin? Mun yi magana game da shi a yau abu.

idanu facet

Wannan Tantancewar tsarin, scanning, inda babu wani tsari guda akan tantanin ido. Kuma duk rabe hade a kananan retinula (s), kafa convex Layer dauke da wani karin jijiya endings. Saboda haka, ido aka hada da wani jam'i na mutum raka'a - ommatidium, tattara abubuwa masu kyau cikin overall tsarin view.

Eyes facet muhimmi ga misali, kwari, daban-daban daga binocular (muhimmi har da mutum) matalauta definition of lafiya bayani. Amma suna iya rarrabe tsakanin oscillation haske (300 Hz) alhãli kuwa da mutum iyakance yiwuwa - 50 Hz. A membrane na irin wannan ne har yanzu ido yana mai tubular tsarin. A ra'ayi na wannan multifaceted idanu ba su da halaye na refraction kamar yadda farsightedness ko nearsightedness, ba zartar da su manufar masauki.

Wasu fasaloli na tsarin da kuma hangen nesa

Mutane da yawa kwari gabobin da hangen nesa zauna babban ɓangare na kai, da kuma a gaskiya har yanzu. Alal misali, a cikin ido facet mazari kunshi 30,000 gaɓũɓuwa, kafa wani hadadden tsarin. Butterflies - 17,000 ommatidia, wani gardama - 4000, a cikin kudan zuma - 5. The mafi ƙasƙanci yawan barbashi wani ma'aikacin tururuwa - 100 guda.

Binocular ko wani facet?

A farko da irin view damar gane žara abubuwa, su kananan cikakken bayani, don tantance nesa ga abubuwa da su tsari a dangane da juna. Duk da haka, stereopsis mutum iyakance kwana na 45 digiri. Idan kana bukatar wani karin cikakken bayyani na eyeball motsi daukawa a kan reflex matakin (ko kuma muka juya ta kai a kusa da axis). Fili idanu a cikin nau'i na hemispheres da ommatidia bari ka gani cikin kewaye gaskiya daga kõwane, ba tare da motsi idanunku ko shugaban. Kuma da hoton da ya tafi tare da ido, da yawa kamar jigsaw wuyar warwarewa: wani tsarin naúrar na guda kashi ana riskarsa da ido, kuma tare suka kasance da alhakin sake kafa cikakken hoto.

jinsunan

Ommatidia da sifofin, sakamakon daban-daban da kuma su na gani Properties (msl, daban-daban kwari). Masana kimiyya ayyana iri uku fuskoki dabam-dabam:

1. Apposition. Irin wannan hadaddun fili idanu da rana kwari. A pigment da ciwon wani m Properties shared fuskoki dabam-dabam - barbashi da suke kusa da nan. Kuma ido rabe iya kawai gane da haske daga wani axis zo daidai da lokacin ommatidium.
2. Optikosuperpozitsionnye. Irin wannan hadaddun fili idanu da wasu crustaceans, kazalika da nocturnal da crepuscular kwari. A pigment dauke a cikin ido, alternately ware ommatidia dabba ba a kanta, wanda qara ji na ƙwarai daga gabobin da hangen nesa a low yanayin haske.
3. Neyrosuperpozitsionnye. Daban-daban ommatidia summed siginar zuwa daga rai guda batu a sarari.

Af, wasu kwari jinsunan da gauraye irin facet jikinsu, da kuma da yawa amma mun duba yiwuwar, akwai kuma sauki idanu. Saboda haka, a cikin gardama, misali, da tarnaƙi na shugaban ana shirya su guda biyu facet hukumomi ne quite manyan. Kuma a saman shugaban, akwai uku sauki idanu, yin karin ayyuka. A wannan kungiyar da kuma jikinsu daga cikin kudan zuma - cewa shi ne, duk biyar idanu!

Wasu crustaceans fili idanu kamar yadda idan zaune a kan wani m outgrowths-stalks.

Kuma wasu halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kifi kuma yana da wani ƙarin (parietal) ido wadda ke bambanta da haske, amma ya sosai batu. Retin shi kunshi kawai na sel da rabe.

Modern kimiyya ci gaba

Kwanan nan, faceted idanu - batun da nazari da kuma sha'awa da malamai. Bayan duk, waɗannan jikuna daga view, saboda asalin tsarin, samar da kasa don kimiyya qirqire da binciken a duniya na zamani kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta. Babban abũbuwan amfãni - a m bayyani na sarari, ci gaban na wucin gadi veneers, amfani da yafi a dada, m, gefen kula da tsarin.