Membrane na ido. A matsanancin shafi na ido

A eyeball yana da biyu sandunan: da gaba da raya. A nisa tsakanin su ne a kan talakawan 24 mm. Shi ne mafi girma girman da eyeball. The girma na karshe taro na ciki core. A fili yake da abun ciki na wanda aka kewaye da uku membranes. Yana da aka hada da mai ruwa-ruwa dara, ruwan tabarau da kuma vitreous jiki. A duk bangarorin na eyeball core kewaye da uku daga cikin ido: fibrous (waje), jijiyoyin bugun gini (talakawan) da kuma net (ciki). Za mu gaya muku game da kowane daga cikinsu.

A matsanancin harsashi

A mafi robust ne m harsashi na ido, fibrous. Shi ne da godiya ga ta eyeball ne iya kula da siffar.

cornea

A cornea ko cornea - ta karami gaban part. Its size ne game da 1/6 girman da dukan harsashi. A cornea a eyeball ne mafi convex ɓangare na shi. A tsari ne mai concave-convex, da ɗan elongated ruwan tabarau cewa fuskantar koma concave. Game da 0.5 mm ne abar kauri daga cikin cornea. Its a kwance diamita ne 11-12 mm. Tare da girmamawa ga tsaye, ta size - 10,5-11 mm.

A cornea - da m daina kai hare hare idanu. Yana da aka hada da connective nama stroma m da corneal Kwayoyin cewa, samar da abu da kansa. Tare da gaba da raya saman m ga stroma na baya da kuma agara iyaka da farantin. A karshen wakiltar wani babban abu na cornea (modified), yayin da wasu da aka samu daga endothelium, da yake rufe a raya surface, da kuma Lines dukan agara jam'iyya na mutum ido. Rabe epithelium maida hankali ne akan gaban farfajiya na cornea. Ba sai an fada ba tare da kaifi iyakoki a cikin epithelium na a haɗa harsashi. Saboda da homogeneity na nama, da kuma rashin lymphatic da jini na cornea, kamar yadda tsayayya wa na gaba Layer, wanda shi ne albuginea ido ne m. Mu yanzu juya zuwa sclera bayanin.

sclera

Albuginea ido kira da sclera. Wannan ya fi girma na baya bangare na cikin matsanancin harsashi na kusa da 1/6 na shi. Sclera - a kai tsaye ci gaba da cornea. Duk da haka shi ne kafa, sabanin karshen, zaruruwa na connective nama (m) doped tare da sauran zaruruwa - Elastin. Tunica ido harsashi, haka ma, ba m. A sclera a cikin cornea fitowa sannu a hankali. Translucent bezel ne a iyakar tsakanin su. Shi ne ake kira gefe na cornea. Yanzu da ka san abin da albuginea idanu. Shi ne m kawai a farkon, kusa da cornea.

sashen sclera

A cikin agara matsanancin surface na sclera rufe conjunctiva. Wannan mucosa idanu. In ba haka ba, shi ne ake kira da connective. Amma ga raya division, nan da ya rufe kawai endothelium. A ciki surface na sclera, wadda ke fuskantar da choroid, kuma maida hankali ne akan endothelium. A ta da dukan mazaunan tsawon sclera ne guda kauri. A thinnest sashe - wani wuri inda Alhlulbaiti zaruruwa na na gani jijiya, wanda ya zo daga cikin eyeball. Akwai aka kafa a raga farantin. Sclera yana cikin mafi girma da kauri ne a cikin karkara na na gani jijiya. A nan ne tsakanin 1 da kuma 1.5 mm. Sa'an nan, da kauri rage-rage, kai a ekweita na 0.4-0.5 mm. Juya zuwa ga filin daga abin da aka makala na tsokoki, sclera sake karfe ne, tsawonsa ne game da 0.6 mm a nan. Shige therethrough ba kawai na gani jijiya zaruruwa, amma kuma da venous da jijiya tasoshin da kuma jijiyoyi. Sai suka samar da wani jerin ramuka a cikin sclera, wanda ya kammala jami'a da ake kira sclera. Kusa da baki na cornea, a cikin zurfin da gaban ta sashen, ya ta'allaka ne da dukan tsawon na sinus na sclera, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa circularly.

choroid

Saboda haka, muna da taƙaice bayyana matsanancin shafi na ido. Mu yanzu juya zuwa faye hali na jijiyoyin bugun gini, kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin talakawan. Yana da aka raba cikin wadannan uku unequal sassa. A farko daga cikin wadannan - manyan, baya, wanda Lines na game da kashi biyu daga uku na ciki surface na sclera. Shi ne ake kira da choroid. A kashi na biyu - da talakawan, located a iyakar tsakanin cornea da sclera. Wannan ciliary jiki. A karshe, sulusin (m, gaban), baza ta cikin cornea ake kira Iris ko Iris.

A gaskiya choroid kafa ba tare da kaifi iyakoki a cikin agara zuwa ciliary jiki. A toothed gefen garu iya aiki a matsayin mai iyaka tsakanin su. Kusan a ko'ina cikin choroid kawai dab da sclera, sai dai da yankin na tabo, kazalika da rabo cewa yayi dace da na gani jijiya. A choroid kusa gani karshen yana da wani rami ta hanyar abin da wani farantin located zuwa latticed sclera fiber na gani jijiya. A matsanancin surface of shi ka huta a kan rufe pigment da endothelial Kwayoyin. Yana takaita vokrugsosudistoe capillary sarari tare da ciki surface na sclera.

Sauran yadudduka ban sha'awa mana harsashi kafa wata Layer na manyan tasoshin, jijiyoyin bugun gini kafa farantin. Wannan shi ne yafi veins da kuma jijiyoyi. Connective na roba zaruruwa, kazalika da pigment Kwayoyin zubar therebetween. Secondary jijiyoyin bugun gini Layer da ke zurfi Layer. Shi ne kasa pigmented. Don shi abuts wani cibiyar sadarwa na kananan tasoshin da kuma capillaries kafa jijiyoyin bugun gini-capillary farantin. An musamman ci gaba a cikin macular yankin. Structureless fibrous Layer - mafi zurfi sashi daga cikin choroid. Shi ne ake kira da babban farantin. A cikin agara kashi na choroid thickens dan kadan da kuma wuce ba tare da kaifi iyakoki a cikin ciliary jiki.

ciliary na'ura

An rufe ciki surface daga cikin tushe farantin, wanda shi ne mai ci gaba da takardar. Leaflet nufin da choroid. A ciliary jiki , da girma kunshi ciliary tsoka, kazalika da stroma ciliary jiki. A karshen da aka wakilta connective nama arziki a pigment Kwayoyin da friable, kuma ma wani jam'i na receptacles.

Wadannan sassa suke da daraja a cikin ciliary jiki: da ciliary da'irar, ciliary bulala da ciliary tsoka. Last daukan m ofishin da kuma kai tsaye dab da sclera. Smooth tsoka zaruruwa na ciliary tsoka da aka kafa. Daga cikin su rarrabe circumferential da meridional zaruruwa. Recent karfi da ci gaba. Sai suka samar da wani hannu abin da hidima ga tashin hankali da choroid. Daga cikin sclera da agara jam'iyya kwana fara ta zaruruwa. Za baya, sannu a hankali, sun ɓace a cikin choroid. Wannan tsoka, sabon, jan ido da ciliary jiki (da baya part) da kuma choroid (gaba, na). Saboda haka, tashin hankali na ciliary abin ɗamara rage-rage.

ciliary tsoka

Madauwari zaruruwa suna da hannu a cikin samuwar madauwari tsoka. Its rage rage lumen da zobe wanda Forms da ciliary jiki. Godiya ga wannan wuri gyara ga ekweita da ruwan tabarau ciliary abin ɗamara na gabatowa. Ana sa shakatawa na abin ɗamararsa. Bugu da kari, da curvature da ruwan tabarau qara. Yana da wannan ɓangare na madauwari ciliary tsoka kuma ake kira tsoka compressing da ruwan tabarau.

ciliary da'irar

Wannan posteromedial ɓangare na ciliary jiki. Arcuate a siffar, ya na da wani m surface. Ciliary da'irar ci gaba ba tare da kaifi iyakokin a choroid.

ciliary buga} wai

Yana bautarka da agara-kashi. Emits a kananan crease, kai radially. Wadannan ciliary folds matsawa anteriorly a ciliary matakai, waxanda suke game da 70 da kuma wanda da yardar kaina rataya apple da baya zuwa kamara. A taso baki aka kafa a wani wuri inda akwai wani motsi a cikin ciliary pars plana whisk. Wannan shi ne wurin da aka makala da kayyade da ruwan tabarau ciliary abin ɗamararsa.

Iris

Forefoot ne Iris, ko da Iris. Ba kamar sauran sassan, shi ne ba located kai tsaye a kan fiber cladding. Iris ne mai ci gaba da ciliary jiki (ta gaba sashen). Yana da yake a cikin frontal jirgin sama da kuma da ɗan cire daga cornea. Zagaye rami kira almajiri, yana a cikin hedkwatarsu da. Ciliated kira baki daura da gefen wanda shi ne a kan dukan karkara na Iris. karshe sashen dutsen da aka hada da m tsoka, jini, connective nama, kazalika da yawa jijiya zaruruwa. A pigment cewa sa "launi" da idanu ne da baya surface na Iris Kwayoyin.

Ta m tsokoki ne a biyu kwatance: radial kuma madauwari. The almajiri circumferentially overlies madauwari Layer. Yana Forms a tsoka da cewa constricts da almajiri. A zaruruwa aka shirya radially, nau'i tsoka, wanda shi kara.

A cikin agara surface na Iris dan kadan convex anteriorly. Haka kuma, da raya concave. A gaban, a karkara na almajiri, shi yana da kadan ciki zobe na Iris (pupillary zone). Game 1 mm na da nisa. The kananan zobe ne a daure externally toothed sababbu line mikawa circularly. Shi ne ake kira da kananan da'irar da Iris. Sauran ɓangare na gaban surface a wani nisa daga game da 3-4 mm. A nasa ne da manyan m zobe na Iris, ko da ciliary rabo.

akan tantanin ido

Mun gani ba duk da ido. Mun gabatar da fibrous da jijiyoyin bugun gini. Abin da ido harsashi ya ba tukuna gani? Amsa - ciki, net (shi ne kuma ya kira haske a jikin). Wannan harsashi da aka wakilta jijiya Kwayoyin located in da dama yadudduka. Yana Lines ciki na ido. Wannan manyan darajar da ido. Wannan shi na samar da hangen nesa daga cikin mutumin, saboda yana da nuna abubuwa. Sa'an nan da bayanai game da su yana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa kwakwalwa via da na gani jijiya. Duk da haka, da akan tantanin ido ba ya gani duk guda. ido harsashi tsarin irin wannan cewa mafi girma a gani ikon ne halin da macula.

macula

Shi ne babban juzu'in tsakiya na akan tantanin ido. Duk mun ji daga makaranta da suke a cikin akan tantanin ido sandunansu, kuma suka Cones. Amma a cikin macula akwai kawai Cones, wanda ke da alhakin launi hangen nesa. Kuma bã dõmin ta, dã ba mu kasance iya rarrabe lafiya da cikakken bayani, don karanta. A macula akwai duk yanayi na rajista haske haskoki a cikin mafi cikakken hanya. The akan tantanin ido a wannan yanki zama sirara. Saboda hasken haskoki iya samun kai tsaye zuwa ga haske-m Cones. Jini na akan tantanin ido wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da bayyana hangen nesa a cikin macula ba. Its Kwayoyin suna powered daga choroid located zurfi. Macula - babban juzu'in tsakiya na akan tantanin ido, inda ainihin yawan mazugi sel (visual Kwayoyin).

Mene ne a ciki da harsashi

Ciki da harsashi aka shirya gaba da raya jam'iyya (tsakanin ruwan tabarau da kuma Iris). Tu suna cike da ruwa. Tsakanin su aka located vitreous da ruwan tabarau. Last siffar ne lenticular ruwan tabarau. Lens, a matsayin cornea refracts da watsa haske haskoki. Saboda wannan mayar da hankali a kan haske a jikin Hoton. Vitreous jelly da daidaito. Eyeground rabu da ruwan tabarau ta wajen shi.