Faransa Landscape

A tsakiyar karni na 19th a Faransa zanen da aka da ake ci gaba kasa idon basira wuri mai faɗi. Daji, yanayin fili painters ba musamman janyo hankalin zuwa Paris tare da azumi taki na rayuwa, da suka so su ji dadin zaman lafiya, da natsuwa da aka located kusa da babban birnin kasar na kauye na Barbizon kusa Fontainebleau gandun daji inda kuma za a fara ƙirƙirar su Masterpieces. Wasu artists a cikin wannan kauye rayu kuma ya yi aiki ne kawai a cikin dumi kakar kuma a cikin hunturu baya zuwa birane ta'aziyya. Amma akwai wadanda suka zauna a kauyen shagunan duk shekara zagaye. Sun fara kira - Barbizon (daga sunan kauyen). Mutane da yawa ƙaunar yin aiki da sanyin safiya, a lokacin da yanayi tana farkawa kawai riƙe su kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe. Bayan, to gina a kan aikin, ya tafi zuwa ga nazarinsa. Samar da wani wuri mai faɗi da Faransa tsakiyar karni na 19th, artists sun mayar da hankali kan siffar yankunan karkara rayuwa, rubuta gandun daji, da waɗansu kõguna, garkunan shanu, da dawakai, noticing tsari da kuma kwanciyar hankali, mutunci mutum da yanayi. Wannan yayi dace da launuka: kange, sau da yawa monochrome, inda amsa kuwwa ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa da kuma kore sautunan. Amma wani muhimmin alama na da launi gamut na artists sun valory (a da dabara bambanci guda launi sautin, lightness).

Idan ka tambaya: "Me ya sa ake Barbizon?" - amsar ne bayyananne. A Faransa zanen na farkon karni na 19th, wuri mai faɗi aka backdrop ga mythological al'amuran da haruffa, sau da yawa ƙawãta. Barbizon nuna duniya a idon basira Faransa wuri mai faɗi da mahaifarsa, inda a can ne mafi talakawa sabubban dabi'a, sau da yawa tare da sa hannu na talakawa mutane tsunduma a sananne.

Founder, kuma mastermind na makaranta ya Pierre -Eten -Teodor Rousseau (1812-1867). Kerawa ya sarrafa zuwa image yanayi na Faransa. Ya zane-zane ne sau da yawa a cikin kananan size, yana da shimfidar - yanayi. An misali ne aikinsa "Morning a cikin gandun daji Fontainebleau." Tun da sassafe, a cikin foreground wani irin baka bishiyoyi a tsakiyar shanu suranta abun da ke ciki, duk abin da aka rufe da lu'u-lu'u da azurfa hazo na safe hazo. A duban farko, duk abin da yake da sauki, amma da yawa kwaikwayo da kuma tunani.

More son mu haskaka da aikin na artist Jean-Batista Kamilya Corot, wanda ya kusa da Barbizon makaranta, amma ir} iro ya yi tafiyarsa. Shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na kasa makaranta na wuri mai faɗi zanen cikin karni na 19th Faransa. Wani lokaci sai ya ziyarci Barbizon tafiya. A lokacin da ya dogon m rai da ya halitta game da dubu uku hotuna. Ya shimfidar ne sauki koyi, akwai daya lokaci zuwa ganin su, kuma ba za a rikita batun tare da shimfidar da sauran marubuta. Air, Fluffy itatuwa, kamar yadda idan a wani m hazo da launuka dangane da dabara dangantaka silvery launin toka da lu'u-lu'u pearlescent launuka. Mafi shahara daga aikinsa: "The hay", "kararrawa hasumiya a Argenteuil." Musamman ina sha'awan ya wuri mai faɗi "Ville d'Avray." Pastel m sautunan da Fluffy itatuwa ƙirƙirar musamman zafi yanayi da sassafe, inda silvery sama nuna a cikin lake, da rãnã m haskaka gidan. Wannan kasa gidan marubucin, da iri yankunan abin da ya rubuta a kan rayuwa.

Yadu a gane m hanya Barbizon makaranta samu a lokacin 1860. A cikin shekara, kuma asusun na da babban flowering. Wannan juya a cikin wani wuri na hajji Barbizon matasa artists. Rinjayar da Barbizon makaranta na zanen ne sosai high a kan m cin gaban idon basira mai faɗi, ba kawai a Faransa amma kuma a sauran kasashe na duniya. Alal misali, a Rasha - wannan shi ne aikin da artists, cikin wadanda suka kafa na kasa lyrical wuri mai faɗi AK Savrasov (daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan, "The Rooks sun isa") da kuma FA Vasilyeva (daya daga cikin mafi m wuri mai faɗi "Rigar Meadow"). A cikin seventies karni na sha tara akwai raguwar da Barbizon makaranta, ta bai wa hanya zuwa wasu yankunan da zanen (impressionism - halittar almara a bude iska, biye da karshe kammala aikin a cikin studio).