GR Derzhavin, "Felitsa": summary

wallafe-wallafen art ayyuka sau da yawa rabu daga wayewar shekaru da yawa, ko da ƙarni, suna wuya ga fahimta, da kuma fahimtar Mastering ba kawai dalibai na makaranta, amma ko da manya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a yau za mu mayar da hankali a kan wannan mawãƙi 2nd rabin na 18th - 1st rabin karni na 19th a matsayin Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. "Felitsa", a takaice abin da za a tattauna a wannan talifin zai taimaka mana mu fahimci marubucin da ya m gado ne.

Historical sharhin: halittar

Fara magana game da aiki shi ne ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da fassara abin da ya Derzhavin rayu a lokacin da halittarsa. "Felitsa" (summary da kuma bincike na ko da - jigo na wannan abu) da aka rubuta ta hanyar Gavriilom Romanovichem a St. Petersburg a watan Julin 1782. Salo gargajiya kauri Ode a wannan harka da aka halaka su da wata mawãƙi ya yanke shawarar aikata wani laifi dokar da uku styles a cikin halittar sa tare ƙamus littafin da shasi, conversational. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin sarari na daya gauraye samfurin da kuma satire yabo, kuma ya saba wa kafa canons.

m yanayi

Abokai Derzhavin, da farko zuwa ji wani Ode fitar da shi farin ciki, amma sun sauri zuwa kwantar da ardor na mawãƙi da littafin da ayyukan yi kome da kuma bege, domin shi ne don haka a fili karanta Catherine ta kai hare-hare a kan daraja da sarakunanku. Duk da haka, rabo kanta kamar ta yi magudi abubuwa don haka da cewa aikin da aka ba ko da yaushe aza a aljihun tebur na Derzhavin ta tebur. A shekara daga baya ya zo Ode ga mawãƙi Osip Kozodavlevu daga shi - a lover of adabi II Shuvalov, wanda ya karanta wadannan ayoyi a abincin dare kafin kamfanin Masters, cikinsu da Prince Potemkin, daya daga cikin rufe kanta Ode, izgili a cikin mutane. Prince yanke shawarar riya cewa shi ba ya taba aiki, kuma yana da wata alaka da ita, tare da sakamakon cewa Gavriil Romanovich ya iya numfashi a ajiyar zuciya tsammãni.

Catherine II Response

A abin da zai iya sa ran kara har yanzu kadan-san mawãƙi Derzhavin? "Felitsa", a takaice abin da za a iya bayyana jim kadan, so da shugaban kasar na Rasha Academy Dashkova, da kuma a 1783 halittar aka buga a asirce a cikin daya daga cikin spring batun na mujallar "The interviewer masoya na Rasha kalmomi." Sun ta waka gabatar da empress kanta. Catherine an koma hawaye da kuma sha'awar a marubucin na aiki. A sakamakon haka, Derzhavin samu daga Empress ambulan da 500 rubles a zinariya da zinariya yafa masa lu'u-lu'u snuffbox. Ba da da ewa Gavriil Romanovich aka gabatar a kotu da kuma aikata bountifully sarauniya. Saboda haka, kawai bayan halittar odes da tsiwirwirinsu wallafe-wallafen daraja Derzhavin. "Felitsa", a takaice abin da za su amsa tambayoyin - wannan m samfurin. Shi ne qualitatively daban-daban a cikin tunani da kuma nau'i na wani abu da ya wanzu kafin.

GR Derzhavin, "Felitsa": summary na stanzas. farko

Ode kunshi 25 stanzas. Da farko ta al'ada classic: a farko stanza kõma kauri, daukaka image. Catherine kira Kirghiz Kaisatsk gimbiya domin a wancan lokacin da mawãƙi da a abin da ya sa'an nan kauyen Orenburg lardin, wanda zai fara a kusa da yankin ƙasar da Kirghiz hordes, hõrarru cikin empress. Bugu da kari, ya ambaci wasu labari game da Tsarevich chlorine - wannan Gabas m aikin, wanda aka rubuta kuma aka buga a 1781 da Catherine mafi 5-shekara jikan, nan gaba Sarkin sarakuna Alexander Pavlovich (kuma aka sani da Alexander I). Chloro, sace Khan, shi ne dan na Grand Prince of Kiev. Ɓarawo, so su gwada da ikon da wani yãro, ya aiko shi zuwa ga mutuwa, da kuma umurce su da su samun wani fure ba tare da ƙayayuwa. Chlorine taimake Felitsa - amiable, irin da gaisuwa Khan 'yar, wanda ya ba da rakiya mataimakin, sai dansa, wanda aka kira Reason. Yaron da aka jarabce: hanyar da ya so ya kawo saukar Lentyag Murza, amma chlorine a duk sau taimake Reason. A karshe gwarazansa kai m duwãtsu, inda akwai da sosai ya tashi ba tare da ƙayayuwa - kamar yadda ya juya waje, shi ne mai nagarta. A sakamakon haka, chlorine amince samu shi kuma ya kõma zuwa ga ubanku, Sarkin Kiev. Wannan nagarta theme gudanar ta hanyar dukan Ode jan zare. Felicia ne mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Empress na Roman allahiya na farin ciki, nasara da kuma farin ciki.

Babban ɓangare na Ode. image monarch

Abin da kuma magana da ya halitta Derzhavin? Felitsa (summary zai taimaka duk wanda yake so ya gane da ma'anar aiki) m bambanci contrasted ba kawai ga kotu da kuma m, amma marubucin kansa, wanda ya zo don ya yi la'akari da shi mutumin ne musamman m. Saboda haka, Catherine poeticizes haka cewa ta wallafe-wallafen hoto ne gaba daya bã tãre da flaws. Ta m halin kirki-m ciki duniya da aka yi wahayi ta hanyar al'ada, a bayanin ayyukan, farillansa, jama'a ayyukan. Empress likes tafiya a boye, da sauki kuma babu frills ci, da yawa karatu da rubutu. Labari da kuma bayyanar hoton biya diyya ta janar yanayi, bugu na nuna fasali na samu haskaka monarch: ta ne suna fadin, mulkin demokra] iyya, unpretentious, sauki, m, fasaha, da kuma talented a yankin na gwamnati aiki.

A antithesis na "Empress - manya"

Wa tsayayya da cikakken a kowane ji na Empress Derzhavin? "Felitsa" (da fa shi musamman fili gane) shi ya bayyana mana wasu muguwar "I". bayan shi ya ta'allaka ne a gama image na kimanin courtier, wanda da gaske ya hada da dukan fasali na muƙarrabai sarauniya. Wannan an riga an ambaci, Prince Grigory Potemkin, wanda hoto za a iya gani a kasa, da kuma Catherine ta fi so, Grigory da Aleksey Orlovy, revelers, masoya na racing da fisticuffs, Field Marshal Peter Panin, da farko - cikin mafarauci, kuma kawai sai wani farar hula, da procurator-janar Alexander Vyazemsky wanda aka musamman girmamawa cheap m litattafan, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Kuma wanda ne dangana kansa Derzhavin? "Felitsa" (analysis odes, summary da bincike don taimaka shi saita) - a aikin a cikin abin da marubucin ya fuskanci hali ba tare da nuna bambanci, sabili da haka ya wadãtu da kansa ga velmozhnoy kamfanin, saboda ta wannan lokaci Gabriel R. ya zama jiha councilor. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, ya ya iya ma'ana gane kansu zunubai, kasawan, mũnãnan ayyuka, kuma, a kan wani sirri ra'ayi na mawãƙi, "wawanci." Derzhavin bai hukunta dan Adam sha'awa na majalisarsa da barorin da daraja mutane: ya fahimci cewa muhimmi ga mutane da yawa, suna sau da yawa adalci da wani m hankali da kuma iyawa, wanda su ne domin amfanin da Rasha jihar, kuma a cikin sunan ci gaba.

Satirical zargi na baya

Duk da haka, ba duk bezzloben Derzhavin. "Felitsa", wani taƙaitaccen bayanin da babban ideas wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, shi ne kuma mai karatu zuwa wani layi - bayanin ta sarautar Anny Ioannovny. Ga mawãƙi ba boye kansa fushi a kan haka al'amarin na wani tashin hankali aure na hereditary prince Golitsyn a whim da sarauniya a kan tsohon mummuna Dwarf, saboda abin da wani mutumin kirki ya zama a kotu jester (aya 18). Ƙasƙanci, bisa ga Derzhavin, akwai wasu wakilan da Rasha daraja iyalan - Earl A. Apraksin kuma Prince Nikolai Volkonsky. Ode GR Derzhavin "Felitsa", a takaice na wanda shi ne ya kimanta ta m ra'ayin, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya furta da inviolability na mutum dama don adana sirri da mutunci da girmamawa. Take hakkin da wadannan Categories da aka yi tunani Gavriilom Romanovichem a matsayin babban zunubi, kuma domin karfafa da kuma karatu, da kuma Empress girmama su. Don wannan karshen, Catherine wajibi ne don tsayar da dokokin, ya zama Wakili ga su keda daukaka, don kare "rauni" da "matalauta", don nuna rahama.

kammala Lines

A karshe, m asali odes G. R. Derzhavina "Felitsa", a takaice na wanda aka gabatar a daki-daki, a cikin sassan sama, kuma bayyana a karshe stanzas na aiki. A nan, da daukaka na empress, kuma shi Dates baya ga mulkin na sabuwar iyaka - marubucin ya tambaye "da annabi mai girma" da kuma "iko na sama" to ya albarkace Catherine kuma ajiye shi daga cuta, kuma mugunta.

Ko da yake karshen sake dawo da mai karatu zuwa ga gargajiya tashar da canonical na Ode, Duk da haka, a tare da tare da sauran abun ciki, idan yana da wani sabon, rethought darajar. Yabon nan - ba kawai wani haraji ga shugabanci, hadisai da kuma taron gunduma, da kuma ainihin turu na rai na marubucin, wanda a wancan lokaci har yanzu gaske ya yi ĩmãni ya halicci image na Catherine. A sanannun sukar Belinsky kira wannan aikin "daya daga cikin mafi kyau halittun da" Rasha shayari na 18th karni.